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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2010/05/25 Item 12 CITY COUNCIL AGENDA STATEMENT ~\f? CITY OF ~CHULA VISTA Item No.: 11- Meeting Date: 5/25/10 ITEM TITLE: SUBMITTED BY: REPORT REGARDING POTENTIAL UPDATES TO THE CITY'S DESIGN MANUAL TO PROVIDE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN GUIDELINES. DEPUTY CITY MANAGE~VELOPMENT SERVICES DIRECTOR :M!s- CITY MANAGER I 4/5THS VOTE: YES NO X REVIEWED BY: SUMMARY On April I, 2008, the City Council adopted the Climate Change Working Group's (CCWG) Climate Action Plan. As part of implcmenting Climate Action Plan Measure #4, Green Building Standards, on December 8, 2009, the City Council adopted updated guidelines for the preparation of Air Quality Improvement Plans ("AQIP"). These plans are required for larger master planned communities. However, these guidelines do not apply to small infill projects that consist of less than 50 dwelling units; less than 12 acres or equivalent square footage for commercial projects; less than 24 acres or equivalent square footage for industrial projects; or a mixcd use project with a cumulative threshold equal to that ofless than 50 dwelling units. As a way to provide guidelines for implementing sustainability measures in smaller projects, staff is proposing to update the City of Chula Vista Design Manual ("Design Manual") to provide guidance on site design measures that provide for energy efficiency, water conservation, air quality improvement, and greenhouse gas reduction. The measures would include a combination of site design features intended to encourage smart growth community site design principles, provide pedestrian friendly environments, support alternate travel modes (e.g., transit, bicycling), aide energy conservation, and support reductions in vehicles miles travcled and air pollution. Tonight's action requests that City Council accept the report discussing the potential design concepts for sustainable development discussed below and outlined in Attachment A, (Sustainable Design Concepts), and provide any comment and direction to staff to prepare detailed design guidelines to be added to the Design Manual. 12-1 Date, Hcm No.: 12- Mceting Datc: OS/25/10 Page 2 of 10 ENVIRONMENT AL REVIEW The Environmental Review Coordinator has reviewed the proposed project for compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and has determined that there is no possibility that the activity may have a significant effect on the environment; therefore, pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3) (General Rule) of the state CEQA Guidelines the activity is not subject to CEQA. Although environmental review is not necessary at this time, additional environmental review will be required as applicable prior to the approval of any future project specifIC dcvelopment entitlements including, but not limited to, site development plans, building permits, land development permits, and conditional use pemlits. RECOMMENDATION: That Council accept the Report and direct staff to prepare revisions to the City's Design Manual for future Council action. BOARDS/COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION Not Applicable BACKGROUND Chula Vista has historically been a regional and national leader in climate protection policies and programs designed to reduce greenhouse gas or "carbon" emissions. The City Council established a Climate Change Working Group (CCWG) to develop recommendations to add to the City's existing Carbon Dioxide Reduction Plan and its portfolio of programs to tllrther reduce the community's greenhouse gas emissions. On April 1, 2008, City Council adopted the CCWG's seven recommendations and directed staff to implement the recommendations. The seven new measures plus the City's original Carbon Dioxide Reduction Plan constitute Chula Vista's comprehensive Climute Action Plan. The new measures focus on lowering energy and water consumption, installing renewable energy systems, promoting alternative fuel vehicle use, and designing pedestrian and transit-friendly communities. One of the seven measures, Measure #4 Green Building Standards, is comprised of several components: 1) Green Building Standards; 2) Increased Energy Efficiency Standards; 3) Green Awareness Program, and; 4) Policy Guidelines and Regulatory Amendments related to community and site planning consideration in new development and redevelopment. The first three and a portion of the fourth have been implemented through various actions, such as the Solar Ready Homes Ordinance adopted in Fehruary 2009, Green Building Standards Ordinance (GBO) adopted in November 2009, Increased Energy Efficiency Ordinance adopted in February 2010, and the updated Air Quality Improvement Plan ("AQIP") Guidelines adoptcd in December 2009 for larger projects. The remaining component that needs to be implemented is the AQIP equivalent for smaller projects. This effort can be accomplished by incorporating sustainable design guidelines into the Design Manual. 12-2 Date, Item No.: l2- Meeting Date: OS/25/10 Page 3 of 10 The City of Chula Vista's Growth Managemcnt Ordinance (CVMC 19.09) requires an AQIP to be prepared and submitted with all Sectional Planning Area (SPA) Plans and major projects consisting of 50 or more dwclling units, 12 or more acres or cquivalent squarc footage for commercial projects, and 24 or more acres or equivalent square footage for industrial projects. The revised AQIP Guidelines for larger projects updated the quantitative modeling procedures established in 2003, encouraging smart growth community site design principles, and provided added clarity with regard to the required content and format of an AQIP. The focus of an AQIP is to demonstrate that the proposed project represcnts the best available design to improve air quality and energy efficiency. In accordance with the City's Growth Management requirements, larger projects will be rcquircd to meet the AQIP thresholds such as land-use mix, density, open space connectivity, pedestrian network, and provide the following: 1) an analysis of air pollution resulting from the project; 2) methods to improve traffic flow; 3) methods to reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT); 4) usc of traffic control mcasures; 5) methods to reduce direct or indirect emissions; and 6) a program to monitor compliance. While the AQIP addresses larger projects at a community, there is currently no similar design guidance for smaller infill projects and site plans subject to design review approval. As a way to provide guidelines for smaller projects, staff is proposing to update the Dcsign Manual to provide guidance on site design measures that implement sustainable goals of energy efficiency, water conscrvation, air quality improvement, and greenhouse gas rcduction similar to the guidelines required for largcr projects. The City's Design Manual was approved by the City Council on September 6, 1994. The Design Manual provides guidelines to assist the City and the development community to achieve a high quality of aesthetic and functional design of multi-family, commercial, and industrial development in areas not currently covered under a Specific Plan or SPA plan. The guidelines are applied in conjunction with zoning regulations and development standards in implementing the City's design review process. The guideliAes are general in nature and may be interpreted with some flexibility in order to encourage creativity on the part of project designers. Design review is intended to achieve orderly and quality development, to protect and cnhance the City's unique character and assets, and to ensure the stability and growih of public and private investment in land and improvements. The purpose of the design guidelines is to promote development which respects the physical and environmental characteristics of the community and the site, reflects functional and attractive site planning, and high quality design. The Design Manual was last updated in 1994, and as such does not include some of the more current design principles related to sustainable development and more recent regulations related to green building, stomlwater management, and landscape watcr conservation. The revisions to the Design Manual will address ilie suggested sustainable design concepts that developers/applicants would need to consider in designing their project prior to submitting for a Design Review permit. 12-3 Date, Item No.: 12- Meeting Date: OS/25/10 Page 4 of 10 Existing Policies, Regulations, Development Standards, and Design Guidelines related to Smart Growth Currently, there are existing General Plan policies and regulations in the Zoning Code and in Energy and Water ConservationlStormwater Management requirements that encourage smart growth. The proposed update to the Design Manual will complement these existing policies or standards. As outlined below, there are also other efforts related to smart growth which staff is currently working on in addition to the Design Manual update. General Plan The City of Chula Vista General Plan encourages the creation of guidelines or policies that promote sustainable development. Sustainable development is a means of balancing growth and economic progress with the protection of natural resources and the environment in a socially responsible manner. The General Plan's goal is to continue to move forward in supporting the ability to meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Staff has and will continue in the future to develop a variety of guidelines and policies which promote sustainable development. To implement thc General Plan's goal, SPA documents, Specific Plans, and Zoning regulations have been adopted. The SPA documents, which specify the zoning for the various Planned Communities, contain an AQIP that must be implemented for each project. The Specific Plans, such as the Urban Core Specific Plan, which promotes smart growth principles, pedestrian friendly development, increased density near transit, mixed use development, and other air quality and energy conservation methods, provides regulations to an area on the western portion of the City. Currently, staff is working on the Southwest Palomar Gateway Specific Plan, which will provide specific zoning and design guidelines related to development surrounding the Palomar Transit Station. Zoning Code The Zoning Code has regulations that further smart growth and sustainable development. Planning efforts currently underway in Southwest Chula Vista include updatcs to the Central Commercial (CC) zone (CVMC 19.36) and the existing mixed-use development standards (CVMC 19.58) to incorporate more current design standards for mixed use designated areas along South Third Avenue and South Broadway. In addition, as part of the on-going Process Improvement Program, Council has approved shared parking regulations, which are a component of smart growth. 12-4 Date, Item No.: /2-- Meeting Date: OS/25/10 Page 5 of 10 Energy and Water Conservation/Stormwater Management Over the last several years, other efforts have been made to further the City's commitment to sustainable development and conservation efforts. For example, in 2008 the Storm Water Manual was adopted and provides requirements and guidelines for storm water management associated with development. Curreutly, staff is preparing updates to the Storm Water Manual. In 2009, the City adopted the Green Building and Energy Efficiency Ordinances, CVMC 15.12 and 15.26.030 respectively, which require developers/applicants to implemcnt sustainable design features and improve building energy conservation 15% to 20% above 2008 State Energy Code requirements. Developers/Applicants are now required to comply with these standards as part of the building permit process for all new buildings citywide. In December 2009, the Chula Vista Landscape Water Conservation Ordinance was adopted and requires the landscape design, installation, and maintenance to be water efficient. The ordinance promotes the use of recycled water, gray water and captured rainwater for irrigation and provides standards for landscapes in Chula Vista that implement the landscape design. DISCUSSION Sustainable Design Concepts Research Community and site design features and environmentally conscientious building practices can result in substantial energy conservation, water conservation, and reductions in air quality emissions and energy consumption. To further implement the City's commitment to positively impact climate changes, stall formulated proposed design concepts, based on a comprehensive research effort, which included reports from: . SANDAG - Designingjor Smart Growth, June 2009; . American Planning Association; . Local and State Governments (e.g. State of Maryland, City of Arcata, City of Boston); . Various boards and districts (e.g., Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District, California Environmental Protection Agency, California Air Resources Board, and LEED NDIUS Green Building Council) Staff also reviewed the City of Chula Vista's current regulations such as the Urban Core Specific Plan, approved Eastlake, Otay Ranch, and San Miguel Ranch SPA Air Quality Plans, Air Quality Improvement Plan Guidelines, 2009 Landscape Water Conservation Ordinance, 2009 Green Building Standards Process Guide, 2009 Climate Protection Measures Report, and recent construction projects for guidance to develop a comprehensive menu of sustainable design concepts tailored to the City of Chula Vista. The outcome of that research was the identification of ten (10) sustainable design concepts that are outlined in the subsequent discussion, and that form the basis for the Design Manual revisions suggested in Attachment A. 12-5 Date, Item No.: j 2- Meeting Date: OS/25/10 Page 6 oflO Potential Design Manual Revisions Staff is proposing to revise the Multi-Family, Commercial, and Industrial sections of the Design Manual by adding additional guidelines to further assist developers in providing projects that reflect smart growth, sustainable development, and energy efficiency. Staff also recommends adding a new "Mixed Use Development" section to the Design Manual, which furthers the goal of sustainable design. Mixed Use Development is considered a smart growth approach that encourages a pedestrian friendly environment and a balanced mix of housing and employment possibilities, which reduce trips and vehicle miles traveled. The following is an overview of each of the ten (10) sustainable design concepts that will be used to update the Design Manual guidelines. It is anticipated that staff may propose several design guidelines for each concept theme. The revisions will not only include text, but pictures and drawings conforming with the existing format of the Design Manual. A discussion of the sustainable design revisions proposed for the Design Manual is outlined in Attachment A. Sustainable Design Concepts I. Mixed Land Uses This concept encourages the placement of complementary land uses such as housing, retail, office, services, and public facilities on the same lot as allowed per the Zoning Ordinance. This may include both vertical mixed use (such as residential above shops) as well as horizontal mixed use, which provides a variety of land uses situated on the same site. This concept, encourages sustainable development since a balanced mix of housing and employment reduces trips and VMT and enhances the pedestrian environment by providing amenities within walking distance. 2. Parking A well-designed site accommodates all modes of travel, including the automobile. It is essential to accommodate parking while still creating walkable, pedestrian-oriented streets. The challenge for designers is to provide a parking supply that is slightly constrained but does not deter customers, frustrate tenants or create problems for nearby residents. One way to accomplish this and still meet sustainable measures is to provide for shared parking and/or parking garages for commercial and industrial projects. This concept encourages sustainable development since a reduction in parking spaces reduces the "heat islands" or pavement surface temperatures. The careful placement of a parking area also enhances the pedestrian environment and avoids large parking lots in between buildings, which can discourage pedestrians to walk from one building to another, thereby increasing the overall VMT. 12-6 Date, Item No.: /2- Meeting Date: OS/25/10 Page 7 of 10 3. Parks and Civic Space The availability of public open spaces contributes to the character of a neighborhood, increases local environmental quality and helps to create healthy, active neighborhoods. Public open spaces, including parks and plazas can provide much-valued "breathing room" within compact communities. They provide a venue for people to recreate ffild gather, thus fostering a shared sense of identity. A variety of sizes and types of public open spaces are required to meet the varying needs of a community. Designers should consider these needs, as well as the existing network of public open spaces, when planning for a new public open space, This concept encourages sustainable development by enhancing the community's social environment, encouraging pedcstrian activity. combating air pollution, reducing water pollution, and creating habitat for local plants and animals. By providing these amenities within closc proximity of a home or business, the public will be encouraged to walk instead of driving to these amenities, therefore reducing the number of VMT, and associated air emissions. 4. Energy Conservation and Landscaping Well-planned sites can take advantage of potential energy conservation opportuUlltes by providing landscaping on the site, orienting buildings to take advantage of the region's climate and environmental influences, such as wind and sun, incorporating energy-generating technologies, such as solar panels and turbines that capture sea breezes and the seasonal Santa Ana winds, and providing conveniently located shaded landscaped areas. Landscaping can also have a significant effect on the appearance and comfort of the accompanying space and help reduce the heat island etfect. This concept encourages sustainable development since the design of a site's landscaping and energy conservation methods help to reduce the consumption of resourc,es, create a more comfortable and livable environment, provide significant savings in maintenance costs, and a reduction in the heat island effect. 5. Resource Conservation Design solutions should incorporate strategies to conserve resources during both construction and operation of the building. Adaptive reuse is the practice of reusing existing buildings for new uses, and preserving some or all of the building's structural elements, architectural features andlor construction materials. In addition, adaptive reuse of historic structures provides an opportunity to preserve history and reinforce neighborhood character and identity. This concept encourages sustainable development by reducing air pollution during constmction, reduction in landfill waste, and energy cost of new materials. It also helps to conserve natural resources by partially eliminating the need to use new materials for construction. 12-7 Date, Item No.: /2- Meeting Date: OS/25/10 Page 8 of 10 6. Buildin!:: Oesi!::n Quality building design ensures that individual development projects contribute to thc overall character of a community, particularly the public realm (e.g. sidewalks, streets). Buildings need to be designed to facilitate pedestrian activity and access to transit facilities. Buildings should also include architcctural features that reflect the local vernacular and are appropriate to the local climate. This concept encourages sustainable development through the design of the building by enhancing the pedestrian experience. A building's facade, and the level of detail to which it is designed, plays a significant role in shaping the public realm and encouraging pedestrians to use the sidewalk. Windows can enliven the pedestrian environment and provide view opportunities for ground floor businesses. 7. Buildin!:: Siting and Orientation Buildings must be located where they can connect to the public realm, but they must also be arranged within the site so that appropriate space is provided for parking, outdoor seating and other activities. Buildings should be highly visible and readily accessible from the sidewalk, encouraging people to walk from place to place. The front setback of a building sets the amount of space, if any, which lies between a building and the sidewalk or street. It defines the transition between the private development and the public realm. A thoughtfully designed site can include small plazas, piazzas, courtyards and other outdoor spaces. Sustainable development can be achieved through the siting and orientation of the building by enhancing the pedestrian experience through the placement of the building adjacent to the public realm or outdoor area. These spaces can create a physical transition zOne between the building and the street and a visual connection to the public realm. ; ~, 8. Nei!::hborhood Context The design of infill development must be sensitive to the existing neighborhood context and positively contribute to the public realm, while identifying potential opportunities for the coordination of building programs, site amenities and functional operations. The compatibility of new development with existing development is especially important when new development includes new uses or higher densities. Coordination between multiple sites can help to develop a consistent community character. Sustainable development can be achieved through contextual design of infill development by several factors including providing a proper pedestrian scale between buildings, and helping to achieve energy conservation (e.g. multi-story building providing shade for a one-story building). 12-8 Date, Item No.: /2- Meeting Date: OS/25/10 Page 9 of 10 9. Site Access Entrances to buildings are the transition area between the public and private realms; they are highly active places. When entrances to retail businesses are placed where they are visible and inviting to people on foot, they add to the visual interest of the public realm. Vehicle access should not dominate a site, even where vehicle access must be accommodated for parking or loading areas. Pedestrian and bicycle access should be given equal consideration. While it is often important to allow vehicles to access a site, each access point should be designed to minimize conflicts with pedestrians and bicyclists. This concept encourages sustainable development through designing for a more pedestrian friendly environment and focusing on walkability, bicycling, and transit. As a result, a reduction in trips ami VMT may be accomplished. 10. Connectivitv Good connectivity within a site allows people to easily move to and from the public realm. Site planning should increase connectivity by implementing design solutions that maximize access and optimize pedestrian use of new development. To connect to the street and public realm. new development should be designed with clear pedestrian connections to the sidewalk and be designed for the use and enjoyment of all community members regardless of their physical ability. Transit stops should be easy to identify and locate. comfortable and accessible from the site. This concept encourages sustainable development through designing for a more pedestrian friendly environment and focusing on the pedestrian connection to the site and encouragmg buildings to be closer to transit stops. This results in a reduction in trips and VMT. Next Steps Staff plans to conduct workshops with the Design Review Board. Chula Vista Redevelopment Corporation. and Planning Commission to discuss specific revisions to the Design Manual based on the concepts outlined in Attachment A. and obtain their recommendations. Staff anticipates then returning for final consideration and action by the City Council in late 20 I O. DECISION-MAKER CONFLICTS: Staff has reviewed the decision contemplated by this action and has determined that it is not site specific and consequently the 500 foot rule found in California Code of Regulations Section 18704.2(a)(1) is not applicable to this decision. 12-9 Date, Item No.: I Z Meeting Date: OS/25/10 Page 10 oflO CURRENT YEAR FISCAL IMPACT The proposed direction to Staff on the sustainable design concepts will not result in an impact to the current fiscal year budget. Funding for staff s preparation of updates to the Design Manual will be through San Diego Gas & Electric's Local Government Partnership program grant funds as part of their 20 I 0-20 12 Energy Efficiency Program Portfolio (EEPP), and Redevelopment Agency Funds (7003). ONGOING FISCAL IMPACT The amendments to the Design Manual are expected to be completed within a 4-6 month timeframe. This work program is funded through the SDG&E local government partnership program as part of their EEPP 20 I 0-20 12 and Redevelopment Agency Funds (7003). Once the updated Design Manual is adopted, Applicants are responsible for the preparation of plans that will meet the suggested sustainable design guidelines. Implementation of the design guidelines will require staff time to review these projects for compliance with the Design Manual; however, the associated eosts will be charged to the applicable project deposit accounts. ATTACHMENT A. Sustainable Design Concepts for integration into the City's Design Manual Prepared by: Caroline Young, Assistant Planner, Development Services Department J:\Plallning\Caroline\Sllstain:lble Design Gllidelincs\CC Rcports\Final CC Rcports\CC-Final Air Quality Design Concepts Rcportl.doc -l- '.", 12-10 -".. Attachment A Sustainable Design Concepts for Integration into the City's Design Manual The following is an overview of some of the proposed sustainable design concepts that staff proposes to be integrated into the City of Chula Vista Design Manual for small projects requiring a Design Review permit, in order to demonstrate that the project represents the best available sustainable design guidelines to improve energy efficiency, water conservation, and air quality. Each section describes what is currently missing in the Design Manual and provides examples of some of the proposed design guidelines. 1. MIXED LAND USES The 2005 General Plan update created a mixed-use designation and the Zoning Ordinance allows mixed-use developments within the Commercial Central (C-C) zone. However, the City's design guidelines have not been updated to assist staff and developers on how to achieve a mixed-use development that meets the goal of smart growth and sustainable development. Suggested design guidelines may include: . Locating activity-generating retail storefronts on the ground floor of buildings to encourage pedestrian activity. . Link compatible residential and non-residential uses by utilizing access roads, walkways, common landscape areas, building orientation, and unfenced. property lines. ,. 2. PARKING The Design Manual has limited guidelines for parking spaces or parking garages to meet the goal of smart growth and sustainable development. If the shared parking regulations are approved, additional design standards will need to be incorporated into the Design Manual. Suggested design guidelines may include: . Encourage the use of shared parking between two or more lots. . Place parking lots behind buildings wherever possible, so that pedestrians can access buildings more easily and to ensure that buildings have a visual presence on the street. . For parking garages, break up the building's facade with vertical elements, such as projecting columns and offset wall planes, as well as variations in color, texture and materials. 12-11 Attachment A Page 2 of 4 3. PARKS AND CIVIC SPACE The Design Manual has limited guidelines for pocket parks, public open spaces, or recreational facilities as an amenity in a commercial or industrial zone. Suggested design guidelines may include: . Encourage commercial or industrial land uses to provide public open space for customers and/or recreational facilities for employees. . The landscape design should balance water conservation with the need to create an appealing space that supports outdoor recreation. . Open space or recreational facilities should be located within walking distance and placed adjacent to pedestrian walkways or building entrances for accessibility. 4. ENERGY CONSERV A nON AND LANDSCAPING The Design Manual has limited guidelines for energy conservation and how it can be achieved through landscaping, proper orientation of a building, shading, etc. The Design Manual also does not state or clarify which existing guidelines may provide energy conservation to the site. Suggested design guidelines may include: . Orient buildings to the sun to provide natural heating, day lighting, and maximize energy efficiency. . Take advantage of natural winds by placing buildings so that door and window openings are oriented to the prevailing wind direction. . Use trees and shade structures, such as trellises, to shade plazas, sidewalks, parking areas and buildings in order to reduce heat gain and create a more pleasant pedestrian environment. 5. RESOURCE CONSERVATION The Design Manual has limited guidelines in regards to resource conservation and how it can be achieved through adaptive reuse of existing building including historic structures. Suggested design guidelines may include: . Minimize use of new resources by renovating or adding to existing buildings rather than building new structures. . Determine the best possible new uses for existing buildings with respect to their contribution to neighborhood character, economic feasibility, economic revitalization and interior conversion potential 12-12 Attachment A Page 3 of 4 6. BUILDING DESIGN The Design Manual does have some guidelines regarding the design of the building, however the guidelines need to be updated and expanded upon to state how they accomplish sustainable development. In addition, other guidelines need to be added to further promote pedestrian activity on the site. Suggested design guidelines may include: " In buildings containing retail, commercial, community-serving or other active uses, position windows for visibility by both pedestrians and motorists at street level. " Vary the building facade by recessing the storefront entrance or creating a niche for the interior use to expand onto the sidewalk. " Design arcades to provide at least ten feet of clear space between the building facade and the edge of the arcade, so that there is adequate space to walk along the arcade as people enter and exit buildings. 7. BUlLDTNG SITING AND ORIENTATION The Design Manual provides guidelines for building Sltlllg and orientation however, further guidance could be provided to meet the sustainable development goal of enhancing the pedestrian environment. In addition, other regulations need to be added to further promote pedestrians activity on the site and provide less emphasis on the automobile. Suggested design guidelines may include: ": Orient building towards the street, so that they frame the pedestrian environment. " Do not locate parking between buildings and the street edge. " Integrate semi-public outdoor spaces, such as plazas, piazzas, or courtyards, into commercial development where feasible to help support pedestrian activity and connect to the public realm. 8. NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT The Design Manual has limited guidance regarding the neighborhood context and how it can achieve the goals of smart growth and sustainable development. Suggested design guidelines may include: " Coordinate site designs with existing development on adjoining properties to avoid creating excessive noise or intrusions on privacy, particularly when development is adjacent to sensitive uses such as residential development. 12-13 Attachment A Page 4 of 4 . Proper placement and size of a building can help to reduce the air circulation or wind tunnel that is created between the new and existing buildings, to avoid potential air pollution. . Place buildings to frame significant views by ensuring that gaps between buildings provide a view of a significant feature from a publicly-accessible vantage point. . Develop shared facilities such as driveways, parking areas, plazas and walkways in order to increase pedestrian access. 9. SITE ACCESS The Design Manual has limited guidance on site access, however, further guidance could . be provided to encourage developers to focus on pedestrian access instead of providing amenities primarily for automobiles. Suggested design guidelines may include: . On larger sites containing multiple buildings, the si te' s entrance should face a public street or plaza with highlighted design features that create a clear pedestrian path. . Design sites to provide for pedestrian and bicycle access. . Include pedestrian and bicycle connections that link the site to nearby homes, busincsses, otlices and civic buildings if applicable. . Avoid placing fences where they would limit pedestrian circulation. 10. CONNECTIVITY The Design Manual has limited guidance on connecl1vlty, however, further guidance could be provided to encourage developers to focus on pedestrian connectivity to the site and visibility of nearby transit areas. Suggested design guidelines may include: . Connect all commercial buildings to the public sidewalk via a publicly accessible path or walkway. . Include elements such as special paving materials, landscaping, pedestrian-scaled lighting and seating along pedestrian paths and walkways to encourage pedestrian use. . Place building and site entrances close to adjacent transit stops, and orient buildings to face the transit stop. 12-14