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HomeMy WebLinkAboutPlanning Comm Reports/1993/02/25 (5) RE: Proposed Rancho San Miguel General Development Plan February 26, 1993 CANDIDATE FINDINGS OF FACT I. INTRODUCTION These findings relate to the Final Program Environmental Impact Report ("ErR 90-02") for the proposed Rancho San Miguel General Development Plan ("GDP" or "project"). Final EIR 90-02 is comprised of: (a) Draft EIR 90-02, including the comments and responses thereto; (b) technical appendices for EIR 90-02; and (c) Draft Supplement to EIR 90-02, including the comments and responses thereto. At this time, the discretionary actions relating to the proposed project include: . General Development Plan (GDP) approval; and . Planned Community (PC) pre-zoning approval. Subsequent discretionary approvals for the proposed project include, among others, annexation to the City of Chula Vista, annexation to the South Bay Irrigation District, detachment from the Otay Water District, annexation to the Sweetwater Authority, a SPA Plan, a development agreement and tentative subdivision map(s). II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Rancho San Miguel is a proposed single-family detached residential community located on approximately 2,590 acres of land (1,852-acre northern portion and 738-acre southern portion) in the northern portion of the Eastern Territories as defined by the City of Chula Vista General Plan. The project site is currently situated within the jurisdiction of the County of San Diego; however, the site is also within the City of Chula Vista's adopted Sphere of Influence. The project includes a General Development Plan ("GDP") for residential, commercial and open space uses and a prezone to the Planned Community ("P- C") District Zone. The property is bounded generally by Proctor Valley Road on the south and west, the Otay water treatment facility and San Miguel Mountain on the east and the Sweetwater River and Sweetwater Reservoir on the north and northwest. The northern and southern portions of the project site are separated by property owned by San Diego Gas & Electric ("SDG&E"), which contains the San Miguel substation complex. Much of the surrounding area to the south and west is developed, or developing, with single-family and multi-family residences, commercial uses and parkland. The area to the north and east is undeveloped, 1 consisting of ruggedly steep areas associated with the San Miguel Mountains, lands owned by the Otay Water District, and lands owned by the Sweetwater Authority and containing the Sweetwater Reservoir. The general character of the area to the south and southwest of the project site is proposed to be low, low-medium and medium density residential, according to the Chula Vista General Plan. Mother Miguel Mountain, on the project site, is designated as open space in the City's General Plan. The project area is connected to the City's Greenbelt system along Salt Creek, Otay Lakes and Otay River to the south, and Sweetwater Reservoir and Sweetwater River to the west. State Route ("SR") 125 is proposed to run generally northwest/southwest through the immediate project area, although the final alignment is not yet known. The Rancho San Miguel GDP assumes that the SR 125 alignment will roughly follow along existing Proctor Valley Road. This alignment is consistent with the Circulation Element of the Chula Vista General Plan. The project applicant is San Miguel Partners. The City of Chula Vista is the lead agency with discretionary approval authority over the proposed project. The original proposed GDP included a total of 1,654 single-family residences and the following components: a 14-acre commercial center; an 11.2-acre elementary school site; a 20.5-acre community park; a 7-acre conference center/retreat and inn; a 6-acre interpretive center; pedestrian and bicycle trails connecting Rancho San Miguel to the surrounding community and the Chula Vista Greenbelt; and approximately 1,653 acres of permanent natural open space. During preparation of both the original proposed GDP and the Draft ElR, analyses revealed various environmental impacts of the project. The analyses came from the Draft ErR, comments received from City staff regarding the original proposed GDP's consistency with the Chula Vista General Plan, and comments received from various persons and organizations during the CEQA public review period. rn response, the applicant refined the project to attempt to reduce or otherwise lessen the identified impacts of the proposed GDP project. These refinements resulted in preparation of a "Mitigation Concept Plan." The Mitigation Concept Plan was examined in an Addendum to Draft ErR 90-02. Public hearings were held before both the Chula Vista Planning Commission and the City Council in September and October of 1992. As a result of comments and testimony received at those hearings, City staff and the applicant continued to work on proposed design changes to address unresolved issues with respect to the project. The proposed project has been further refined to address these unresolved issues. The proposed changes are now reflected in the "New Plan," which is the subject of the Supplement to ErR 90-02. The proposed "New Plan," which is fully described and illustrated in Section 2 of the Supplement, proposes various design changes to the southern portion of the Rancho San Miguel GDP. The proposed changes were made in response to: (a) public comments received on Draft ErR 90-02 during the CEQA public review period; (b) City staff concerns over the original project's consistency with the Chula Vista General Plan; (c) public testimony received at the hearing before the Planning Commission on September 30, 1992, and the hearing before the City Council on October 27, ]992; and (d) comments made by members of both the Planning Commission and City Council at the two public hearings. 2 The differences between the earlier Mitigation Concept Plan and the "New Plan" are as follows: (a) additional estate-size lots have been added to the southern portion to obtain a majority of lots within the Low Residential designated areas as shown on the Chula Vista General Plan; (b) the "luxury" or midsize lots shown in the Mitigation Concept Plan have been eliminated; (c) the remaining non-estate lots are designated as "cluster" lots with a minimum lot size of 7,000 square feet; and (d) the overall density of the southern portion has been reduced by 35 units due to the applicant's decision to not request a density transfer from open space on the northern portion to the southern portion. The "New Plan" does not alter, affect or change the Rancho San Miguel GDP as it relates to the northern portion of the project. The northern portion remains as it is proposed in Draft ElR 90-02. The Supplement to Draft ErR 90-02 was circulated for public and agency review for a 30-day shortened review period pursuant to CEQA, the CEQA Guidelines and the State Clearinghouse guidelines and criteria. During the public review period, the City received written comment letters from various persons, organizations and public agencies. On February 10, 1993, the Planning Commission held a public hearing to obtain additional public comments regarding the Draft Supplement to ElR 90-02. Since that time, City staff and the environmental consultant have prepared written responses to the comment letters, and have completed preparation of the Final Supplement to ErR 90-02. III. PROGRAM EIR AND SUPPLEMENT A program ErR is an "ElR which may be prepared on a series of actions that can be characterized as one large project" and are related either: (a) geographically; (b) as logical parts in the chain of contemplated actions; (c) in connection with the issuance of rules, regulations, plans, or other general criteria to govern the conduct of a continuing program; or (d) as individual activities carried out under the same authorizing statutory or regulatory authority and having generally similar environmental effects which can be mitigated in similar ways. (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeReg. ~15168(a)). Use of a program ErR can provide the following advantages: (a) provide an occasion for a more exhaustive consideration of effects and alternatives than would be practical in an EIR on an individual action; (b) ensure consideration of cumulative impacts that might be slighted in a case-by-case analysis; (c) avoid duplicative reconsideration of basic policy considerations; (d) allow the Lead Agency to consider broad policy alternatives and program-wide mitigation measures at an early time when the agency has greater flexibility to deal with basic problems of cumulative impacts; and (e) allow reduction in paperwork. (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeReg. ~15268(b)). "Use of the program ElR also enables the Lead Agency to characterize the overall program as the project being approved at that time. Following this approach when individual activities within the program are proposed, the agency would be required to examine the individual activities to determine whether their effects were fully analyzed in the program ErR. If the activities would have no effects beyond those analyzed in the program ErR, the agency could assert that the activities are merely part of the program which had 3 been approved earlier, and no further CEQA compliance would be required. This approach offers many possibilities for agencies to reduce their costs of CEQA compliance and still achieve high levels of environmental protection." (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeReg. discussion foIlowing ~15168). Final ElR 90-02 has been determined to be a program ElR by the City of Chula Vista because the proposed Rancho San Miguel GDP is an initial step in a chain of contemplated actions and, therefore, qualifies to be analyzed at the program level. The Lead Agency may choose to prepare a supplement to an ErR, rather than a subsequent ErR, if: (a) any of the conditions described in CEQA Guidelines ~ 15162 require the preparation of a subsequent ElR; and (b) only minor additions or changes are necessary to make the previous ErR adequately apply to the project in the changed situation. (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeReg. ~15163). CEQA Guidelines ~15162 states that where an ElR has been prepared, no additioal EIR need be prepared unless subsequent changes are proposed in the project which will require major revisions of the previous ElR due to the involvement of new significant environmental impacts not considered in the previous ErR; substantia] changes occur with respect to the circumstances under which the project is being undertaken which wiIl require important revisions in the previous ErR due to the involvement of new significant environmental impacts not considered in the previous ErR; or new information which was not known and could not have been known at the time the previous EIR was certified as complete, becomes available, and the new information shows that: (1) the project will have one or more significant effects not discussed in the original EIR; (2) significant effects previously examined will be substantiaIly more severe than shown in the first ErR; (3) mitigation measures or alternatives previously found not to be feasible would in fact be feasible and would substantially reduce one or more of the project's significant effects; or (4) mitigation measures or alternatives that were not previously considered would substantiaIly lessen one or more significant effects on the environment. The supplement to an ElR need only contain the information necessary to make the previous ErR adequate for the project, as revised. (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeReg. ~15163(b)). A supplement is given the same kind of notice and public review as is required for a draft ErR; however, the supplement may be circulated by itself without recirculating the previous EIR. (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeRegs. ~15163(c),(d)). The decision- making body shaIl consider the previous ElR as revised by the supplement when deciding whether to approve the project, as revised. (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeRegs. ~15163(e)). The proposed New Plan is an alternative which reduces General Plan inconsistency issues and for which only minor additions or changes are necessary to make the previous EIR adequately apply to the project in the changed situation. Therefore, the Supp]ement to EIR 90-02, which was publicly circulated in accordance with CEQA and the CEQA Guidelines, is an appropriate document. 4 IV. RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS For purposes of CEQA and these findings, the administrative record of the City Council decision on the environmental analysis of this project shall include the following: . Final Program ElR 90-02, inc1uding all appendices and technical re ports; . The applications for a General Development Plan and a Prezone request for the project, including the Rancho San Miguel General Development Plan; . All reports, memoranda, maps, letters and other pJanning documents prepared by planning consultants, the environmental consultant, the project applicant and the City of Chula Vista, which are before the decisionmakers as determined by the City Clerk; . All documents submitted by members of the public, and public agencies in connection with the Final ElR on the proposed project; . Minutes and verbatim transcripts of all workshops, public meetings and public hearings held on the project by the City of Chula Vista (or video tapes where transcripts are not avaiJable or adequate); . All documents referenced in Final EIR 90-02; . Any documentary or other evidence submitted at workshops, public meetings and public hearings; and . Matters of common knowledge to the City of Chula Vista which it considers, inc1uding but not limited to, the following: Chula Vista General Plan (Update)-201O County of San Diego General Plan Re]evant Zoning Code of the City of Chula Vista. V. TERMINOLOGyrrHE PURPOSE OF FINDINGS UNDER CEQA Section 15091 of the CEQA Guidelines requires that, for each significant environmental effect identified in an EIR, the approving agency must issue a written finding reaching one or more of three allowable conc1usions. The first is that: "[c]hanges or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which avoid or substantially lessen the significant environmental effect as identified in the final ElR." (Emphasis added). The second potential finding is that: "[s]uch changes or alterations are 5 within the responsibility and jurisdiction of another public agency and not the agency making the finding. Such changes have been adopted by such other agency or can and should be adopted by such other agency." The third permissible conclusion is that: "[s]pecific economic, social or other considerations made infeasible the mitigation measures or project alternatives identified in the final EIR." Regarding the first of three potential findings, the CEQA Guidelines do not define the difference between "avoiding" a significant environmental effect and merely "substantia1ly lessening" such an effect. The meaning of these terms, therefore, must be gleaned from other contexts in which they are used. Public Resources Code ~21081, on which CEQA Guidelines !H5091 is based, uses the term "mitigate" rather than "substantiaJly lessen." The CEQA Guidelines, therefore, equate "mitigating" with "substantially lessening." Such an understanding of the statutory term is consistent with Public Resources Code ~21001, which declares the Legislature's policy of disfavoring the approval of projects with significant environmental effects where there are feasible mitigation measures or alternatives that could "avoid or substantiaJly lessen" such significant effects. For purposes of these findings, the term "avoid" shall refer to the ability of one or more mitigation measures to reduce an otherwise significant effect to a less-than-significant level. In contrast, the term "substantially lessen" shall refer to the ability of such measures to substantia1ly reduce the severity of a significant effect, blllnotto reduce the effect to a level ofbzsignificance. Although CEQA Guidelines ~15091 requires only that approving agencies specify that a particular significant effect is "avoid[ed] or substantia1ly 1essen[ed]," these findings, for purposes of clarity, will specify whether the effect in question has been fu1ly avoided (and thus reduced to a level of insignificance) or has been substantially lessened (and thus remains significant). VI. LEGAL EFFECT OF FINDINGS To the extent that these findings conclude that proposed mitigation measures outlined in the Final EIR are feasible and have not been modified, superseded or withdrawn, the City of Chula Vista ("City" or "decisionmakers") hereby binds itself and any other responsible parties, including the applicant and its successors in interest, to implement those measures. These findings, in other words, are not merely informational or hortatory, but constitute a binding set of obligations that wiJl come into effect when the City adopts a resolution approving the proposed project. The adopted mitigation measures are express conditions of approval. Other measures are referenced in the mitigation monitoring program adopted concurrently with these findings, and will be effectuated through the process of implementing the Rancho San Miguel GDP. VII. MITIGATION MONITORING PROGRAM As required by Public Resources Code ~21081.6, the City of Chula Vista, in adopting these findings, also adopts a mitigation monitoring and reporting program as prepared by the environmental consultant under the direction of the City. The program is designed to 6 ensure that, during project implementation, the applicant and any other responsible parties comply with the feasible mitigation measures identified below. The program is described in the document entitled, "Rancho San Miguel General Development Plan Mitigation Monitoring Program." VIII. DIRECT SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Final ErR 90-02 identified a number of direct significant environmental effects (or "impacts") that the project will cause, some of which could be fully avoided through the adoption of feasible mitigation measures, while others could not be avoided. The project will result in the following significant irreversible environmental changes: Land Use, LandformNisual Quality, Biology, ArchaeologylPaleontology, Geology/Soils, Hydrology, Water Quality, Transportation/Access, Ajr Quality, Noise, and Public Services and Utilities. These significant environmental changes or impacts are discussed in both the Draft EIR 90-02, at pages 3-1 through 3.16-8, and the Supplement to Draft ElR, at pages 3.1-1 through 3.16-6. Certain of the above impacts cannot be substantially lessened or avoided at the General Development Plan level; but, as described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, the City Council has determined that the impacts are acceptable because of specific overriding benefits. The following sub-sections describe specific impacts, setting forth either the reasons why they are significant and unavoidable, the mitigation measures adopted to substantially lessen or avoid them, or the reasons why proposed mitigation measures are infeasible due to specific economic, social or other considerations. A. LAND USE Significant Effect: Development of the northern portion of the site is potentially incompatible with the adjacent Sweetwater Reservoir. Contaminants from urban runoff could degrade the water quaJity of the reservoir, which stores drinking water supplies. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final ElR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. These measures are required at the GDP level and will be implemented at the SPA plan level. Upon implementation, the following measures will reduce the significant land use impact to below a level of significance: . The project applicant shall submit and obtain approval of stormwater management plans, including a proposed runoff protection system, from the Sweetwater Authority. Such plans shall satisfy the Authority's standards for the preservation of water quality in the Sweetwater Reservoir prior to approval of a SPA Plan for the northern portion of 7 the project. for specific mitigation concerning this issue, see the mitigation measures included in sub-section G of these findings. * * * * Significant Effect: The location of residential units adjacent to the SDG&E Miguel substation is considered a significant impact with respect to land-use compatibility. The utility may expand the facility in the future and potential conflicts could arise with residents adjacent to the expanded facility. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in final ElR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. These measures are required at the GDP level and the SPA plan level: . The applicant shall provide potential buyers considering lots north of the proposed alignment of San Miguel Road with a white paper describing future SDG&E expansion plans, to the extent feasible. The applicant shall also provide buyers of these lots with a Grant Deed containing a provision describing future SDG&E expansion plans, to the extent feasible. This requirement will ensure that information regarding SDG&E's future expansion plans are disclosed to all subsequent home buyers. The Rancho San Miguel CC&Rs shall also contain information regarding the expansion plans for the SDG&E substation to provide disclosure to subsequent home buyers. . The project shall minimize visual impacts of the SDG&E facility to the maximum extent feasible through a comprehensive buffer plan at the SPA Plan level which includes measures such as landscaping, significant topography variation (including use of natural topography as well as berming), and homesite orientation for houses near the SDG&E property. This plan shall include the following measures: Establishment of separation of incorporating landscaped greenbelt street; development setback or residential collector Achievement of visual separation through landscaping, topographic variation, homesite orientation, and height and Jot setback restrictions for houses near the substation property; Utilization of graded materials to construct view screening landscaped mounds; 8 Provision for SDG&E to view the final plans so that visual impacts can be better determined and, at that time, additional landscaping and screening may be necessary to mitigate visual impacts. . The applicant shall provide grading site plans and other information to SDG&E to assist them in their efforts to develop future improvements on their site and corresponding landscape or other screening programs that will minimize visual impacts to adjacent residential development to below a level of significance. . The applicant shall continue to coordinate with SDG&E throughout the processing of SPA Plans for this project. . The applicant commits to not oppose SDG&E's decision to process its expansion plans through the City provided that: (i) this project's processing time is not delayed as a result of SDG&E's processing; (ii) the City treats the two projects as separate processes, with separate hearing schedules; and (iii) SDG&E's processing is not conducted at the applicant's expense. Implementation of these measures will reduce the land use impacts of this project to the SDG&E substation facility to below a level of significance at the GDP level; however, this issue will be analyzed anew at the SPA Plan level to determine the significance of this impact after the applicant has complied with the mitigation measures contained within this GDP EIR. . SDG&E proposed two additional measures to mitigate impacts of the future expansion of the substation facility: . Location of commercial center adjacent to the southwest boundary of the substation. . Ldcation of Bonita Miguel Road (San Miguel Ranch Road) adjacent to the southwest boundary of the substation. As noted above, however, the land use impacts of this project to the SDG&E substation facility have already been reduced to below a level of significance, even without implementing the two additional measures proposed by SDG&E. Moreover, SDG&E's proposals would require a significant redesign of the project. Accordingly, the City does not incorporate these two proposed mitigation measures into the project. * * * * 9 Sigllificallt Effect: The project is proposing an affordable housing element; however, a detailed program to achieve compliance with the City's provisions related to affordable housing has not been determined at this time. Filldillg: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final ElR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. These measures are required at the GDP level and will be implemented at the SPA Plan level. Upon implementation, the following measures wiJ] reduce the significant land use-related impact to below a level of significance: . Consistency with the General Plan's affordable housing provisions shall be achieved upon satisfying the City's performance criteria at the SPA Plan level. Ensuring consistency with the Housing Element of the City's General Plan will require that the project applicant explore, in an affordable housing program, methods to devote 10 percent of the dwelling units to low and moderate income housing; provide equivalent offsite mitigation; or pay fees as determined through the submission of a proposal as part of the SPA Plan processing. This proposal shall be responsive to the City policies concerning affordable housing that may be in effect at the time of the SPA Plan processing. The issue of affordable housing will require subsequent review at the SPA Plan level. * * * * Sigllificallt Effect: The project's proposed trail system includes trails that are within SDG&E power transmission easements. The City Parks & Recreation Department discourages the placement of trails in these easements. This is a potentially significant impact. Findillg: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final ElR 90-02. Mitigatioll Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. These measures are required at the GDP level and will be implemented at the SPA Plan level. Upon implementation, the following measures will reduce the significant land use-related impact to below a level of significance: . To mitigate the impacts associated with the provision of trails on SDG&E easements, more specific development plans will be reviewed at the SPA Plan level to determine if the proposed locations are consistent with City policies to minimize use of trails within SDG&E easements. 10 * * * * B. LANDFORM/VISUAL QUALITY Significant Effect: The designated site for the interpretive center, conference center and inn contain topography with slopes in excess of 25 percent. Landform impacts associated with the interpretive center and conference center and inn are unknown at this time, and will be analyzed at the SPA Plan level when grading plans for these facilities are available. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final ElR 90-02. Mitigation Measures; The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. These measures are required at the GDP level and will be implemented at the SPA Plan level: . At the SPA Plan level, the applicant shall provide the City planning department with detailed grading plans for the interpretative center, conference center/retreat and inn in the northern portion of the project. Such grading plans shall minimize cut and fill slopes, substantially preserve knolls and ridgelines and revegetate graded areas with native vegetation to the extent consistent with the City's fire safety standards. Implementation of this measure will reduce the landform impacts of this project to below a level of significance at the GDP level; however, this issue will be analyzed anew at the SPA Plan level to reexamine the significance of this impact after the applicant has complied with the measures contained in this GDP EIR. * * * * Significant Effect: Impacts due to extensive grading in the southern portion are considered to be significant. . Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effects associated with general grading activities in the southern portion of the project. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasibJe and are required as conditions of approval. These measures are required at the GDP level and will be implemented at the SPA Plan level: . The SPA Plan shall demonstrate compliance with hillside development General Plan policies during the SPA Plan review to the satisfaction of city planning staff. Implementation of this measure will reduce the 11 landform impacts of this project associated with general grading activities in the southern portion to below a level of significance at the GDP level; however, this issue will be analyzed anew at the SPA Plan level to reexamine the significance of this impact after the applicant has complied with the measures contained in the GDP ErR. * * * * Significant Effect: Two topographic features in the southern portion of the site would be extensively graded (Horseshoe Bend would be significantly changed and Gobbler's Knob would be entireJy removed). This impact has a significant visual component as well, because these features are highly visible from adjacent public areas and neighborhoods. Finding: A major project redesign would be required to avoid the identified significant landform/visual quality effects associated with the grading of Horseshoe Bend and Gobbler's Knob. However, a project redesign is not feasible from a planning standpoint for the following reasons: (i) these two landforms are not noted as significant by the Chula Vista General Plan and, if preserved, would create a barrier to the cohesion and continuity of the southern portion of the project; (ii) the southern portion preserves over 25 acres of Horseshoe Bend, and any further preservation of Horseshoe Bend would disrupt the continuity of the southern portion, since the landform essentially splits the southern portion; and (iii) preservation of these two landforms (and their use for housing which meets the hillside development General Plan policies) would require movement of San Miguel Ranch Road from its optimal alignment, and create potential erosion problems due to the geological nature of these proposed landforms. Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(3), there are no feasible measures that would mitigate the landform/visual quality impacts to below a level of significance. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that these impacts are acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. * * * * Significam EffecT: Large and potentially conspicuous potable water storage tanks are proposed for provision of drinking water at adequate pressure. The exact locations of the tanks have not been determined at this time; therefore the impacts are unknown. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final ElR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. These measures are required at the GDP level and will be implemented at the SPA Plan level. . The SPA Plan shall depict the exact location of the water tanks and shall contain binding landscaping design guidelines to address the potential visual impacts of the proposed water tanks. Implementation ]2 of this measure will reduce the landform impacts of this project to below a level of significance at the GDP level; however, this issue will be analyzed anew at the SPA Plan level to reexamine the significance of this impact after the applicant has complied with the measures contained in this GDP ElR. * * * * Sigllificallt Effect: A limited number of lots on the southern portion will be orientated toward the existing and proposed future SDG&E facilities with potential adverse visual impacts. Fillding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final ElR 90-02. Mitigatioll Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. These measures are required at the GDP level and the SPA Plan level: . The applicant shall provide potential buyers considering lots north of the proposed alignment of San Miguel Road with a white paper describing future SDG&E expansion plans, to the extent feasible. The applicant shall also provide buyers of these lots with a Grant Deed containing a provision describing future SDG&E expansion plans, to the extent feasible. This requirement will ensure that information regarding SDG&E's future expansion plans are disc10sed to all subsequent home buyers. The Rancho San Miguel CC&Rs shall also contain information regarding the expansion plans for the SDG&E substation to provide disc10sure to subsequent home buyers. . The project shall minimize visual impacts of the SDG&E facility to the maximum extent feasible through a comprehensive buffer plan at the SPA Plan Jevel which inc1udes measures such as landscaping, significant topography variation (including use of natural topography as well as berming), and homesite orientation for houses near the SDG&E property. This plan shall include the following measures: Establishment of separation of incorporating landscaped greenbelt street; development setback or residential collector Achievement of visual separation through landscaping, topographic variation, homesite orientation, and height and lot setback restrictions for houses near the substation property; 13 Utilization of graded materials to construct view screening landscaped mounds; Provision for SDG&E to view the final plans so that visual impacts can be better determined and, at that time, additional landscaping and screening may be necessary to mitigate visual impacts. . The applicant shall provide grading site plans and other information to SDG&E to assist them in their efforts to develop future improvements on their site and corresponding landscape or other screening programs that will minimize visual impacts to adjacent residential development to below a level of significance. . The applicant shall continue to coordinate with SDG&E throughout the processing of SPA Plans for this project. . The applicant commits to not oppose SDG&E's decision to process its expansion plans through the City provided that: (i) this project's processing time is not delayed as a result of SDG&E's processing; (ii) the City treats the two projects as separate processes, with separate hearing schedules; and (iii) SDG&E's processing is not conducted at the applicant's expense. ImpJementation of these measures will reduce the land llse impacts of this project to the SDG&E substation facility to below a level of significance at the GDP level; however, this issue will be analyzed anew at the SPA Plan level to determine the significance of this impact after the applicant has complied with the mitigation measures contained within this GDP EIR. . SDG&E proposed two additional measures to mitigate impacts of the future expansion of the substation facility: . Location of commercial center adjacent to the southwest boundary of the substation. . Location of Bonita Miguel Road (San Miguel Ranch Road) adjacent to the southwest boundary of the substation. As noted above, however, the land use impacts of this project to the SDG&E substation facility have already been reduced to below a level of significance, even without implementing the two additional measures proposed by SDG&E. Moreover, SDG&E's proposals would require a significant redesign of the project. Accordingly, the City does not incorporate these two proposed mitigation measures into the project. 14 * * * * Significant Effect: Views from a small portion of East H Street, a designated scenic roadway, would be degraded by grading and development associated with the proposed project. Filldillg: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid or substantially lessen the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. These measures are required at the GDP level and will be impJemented at the SPA Plan level: . At the SPA Plan level, the applicant's landscaping and development plans shall be consistent with Chula Vista General Plan guidelines for scenic roadways. Implementation of this measure will reduce the landform impacts of this project to below a level of significance at the GDP level; however, this issue will be analyzed anew at the SPA Plan level to reexamine the significance of this impact after the applicant has complied with the measures contained in this GDP ElR. C. BIOLOGY Significant Effect - SOlllhem Portion: Loss of approximately 156 acres of Diegan sage scrub (93 acres of gnatcatcher occupied habitat and 63 acres of unoccupied habitat) would occur as a result of the development of the southern parcel. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. At the GDP review level, impacts to the biological resources on the southern parcel shall be construed as significant and unmitigated. However, at the SPA Plan level, the City will make a subsequent CEQA "significance" determination as to whether the southern mitigation plan reduces impacts to Diegan sage scrub to below a level of significance. It is anticipated that all impacts to biological resources on the southern portion will be mitigated to below a level of significance, with the exception of impacts to the Otay Tarweed and Palmer's Grappling Hook, provided all of the following requirements are met: (a) the criteria set forth in the southern mitigation plan, as described in the Supplement at pages 3.3-50 to 3.3-62, are satisfied at the SPA Plan level; (b) no substantial changes have occurred to the project or its circumstances since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeRegs. ~15162(a)(1)(2)); and (c) no significant new information has arisen since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 CaI.CodeRegs ~15162(a)(3)). Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval: 15 . The mItIgation of Diegan sage scrub is to be accomplished by a combination of preservation in both the north and south parcels to total a 2:1 preservation-to-impact ratio for sage scrub habitat. In addition, habitat is to be identified and preserved in a manner which replaces sage scrub occupied or suitable for occupation by California gnatcatchers by habitat that is also occupied by gnatcatchers. Where habitat is unoccupied then replacement may be suitably accompJished by preservation of similarly unoccupied habitat identified on-site. . Diegan sage scrub habitat shall be established in the following manner: IMP ACTED RATIO REPLACEMENT ON-SITE NORTII HABITAT AREA FOR PRESERVATION OPEN PRESERVATION FOR SOUTH SPACE 93 acres 2:1 186 acres 33 ac. 153 ac. (occupied) (occupied) 63 acres 2:1 126 acres 113 ac. 13 ac. (unoccupied) (unoccupied) 156 acres (total) 2:1 312 acres (lolal) 146 ac. 166 ac. . Mitigation areas indicated do not include scrub habitats occurring within SDG&E easements. In addition to the set aside of this habitat, mitigation of other biolgical impacts, including those to cactus wrens and barrel cactus, will result in the need to perform enhancement within open space areas. This will occur within the south parcel open space area and will enhance the quality of this habitat along currently cleared roadways and fringing grassland habitats. Enhancement efforts are discussed under each of the appropriate species-specific mitigation measures. Plate 4, which is included in the "responses to comments" section of EIR 90-02 (in response to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service letter), indicates areas on a map that have been tentatively identified as suitable for sage-scrub preservation. This identification is necessarily tentative; the exact mitigation areas will be identified at the SPA Plan level, and wiIl conform with the habitat-preservation standards outlined above. . The final defined and recorded open space shall include no less than 186 acres of gnatcatcher occupied sage scrub and no less than 126 acres of unoccupied sage scrub habitat (substitution of occupied acreage is acceptable). A total of 9 pairs of California gnatcatchers shall be preserved within the recorded mitigation area. * * * * 16 Significant Effect - SOli/hem Portion: Loss of the habitat for 6 pairs of California gnatcatchers would occur as a result of the proposed development of the southern portion of the project. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final ElR 90-02. At the GDP review level, impacts to the biological resources on the southern parcel shall be construed as significant and unmitigated. However, at the SPA Plan level, the City will make a subsequent CEQA "significance" determination as to whether the southern mitigation plan reduces impacts to California gnatcatchers to below a level of significance. It is anticipated that all impacts to biological resources on the southern portion will be mitigated to below a level of significance, with the exception of impacts to the Otay Tarweed and Palmer's Grappling Hook, provided all of the following requirements are met: (a) the criteria set forth in the southern mitigation plan, as described in the Supplement at pages 3.3-50 to 3.3-62, are satisfied at the SPA Plan level; (b) no substantial changes have occurred to the project or its circumstances since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeRegs. ~15162(a)(1)(2)); and (c) no significant new information has arisen since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 CaLCodeRegs ~15162(a)(3)). Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval: . The 6 pairs of gnatcatchers impacted by the project would be mitigated by the preservation of 9 pairs of gnatcatchers within identified open space areas N2, N4, and S4 (Plate 4, attached). The final configuration of open spaces shall be adjusted as necessary to ensure the preservation of appropriate habitat and numbers of birds at the SPA Plan review level. To ensure long-term survival of these birds, open space on the southern parcel shall be fenced along the edge facing development and fuel maintenance shall be restricted to the areas outside of the open space. The preservation of the 9 pairs will be totally within open space areas. Mitigation at the SPA Plan level will be required to include preserve design criteria. * * * * Significaltt Effect - SOli/hem Portion: Loss of an estimated 1,867 Coast barrel cactus would occur with development of the southern portion of the project. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final ElR 90-02. At the GDP review level, impacts to the biological resources on the southern parcel shall be construed as significant and unmitigated. However, at the SPA Plan level, the City will make a subsequent CEQA "significance" determination as to whether the southern mitigation plan reduces impacts to Coast barrel cactus to below a level of significance. It is anticipated that all impacts to 17 biological resources on the southern portion will be mitigated to below a level of significance, with the exception of impacts to the Otay Tarweed and Palmer's Grappling Hook, provided all of the following requirements are met: (a) the criteria set forth in the southern mitigation plan, as described in the Supplement at pages 3.3-50 to 3.3-62, are satisfied at the SPA Plan level; (b) no substantial changes have occurred to the project or its circumstances since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeRegs. ~15162(a)(1)(2)); and (c) no significant new information has arisen since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 CaI.CodeRegs ~15162(a)(3)). Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval: . Of the 2,892 barrel cacti occurring in the south parcel, an estimated 1,647 cacti would be impacted by the proposed project. A full 1,380 (74%) of the cactus lost are attributable to the East H Street alignment as dictated by broader scale planning efforts which cannot be readily modified. The Draft EIR calls for an ill situ preservation of specific populations of cacti in the northern parcel. However, the California Department of Fish and Game ("CDFG") have given a target of 60% preservation with a transplant of the remaining cacti into open space as their threshold for significance. Both objectives may be met on-site through the establishment of open space in the north and southern parcels. A total of 1,245 cacti can be preserved onsite in the southern parcel and 1,226 cacti shall be set aside for on-site preservation in the northern parcel as permanent open space. (Thus, out of 4,118 total cacti on the southern parcel and the northern parcel barrel cactus mitigation area, 2,471, or 60%, would be preserved). This total of 2,471 cacti preserved onsite meets the 60% target preservation level of CDFG. This preservation would occur in open space parcels N2, N3, N4 and Sl, S3 and S4, as shown in Plate 4 of Volume 1. . The estimated 1,647 cacti anticipated to be impacted by the southern parcel development would be transplanted to roadways, trails and margins of existing cacti stands in the south parcel S4 open space (Plate 4). Salvaged plants are to be transplanted into existing areas of the south open space in a manner which assists in restoring disturbed roadways currently occurring on the crest of the southern knoll. The combination of preservation of open space in the south and transplantation of plants in the south will serve to mitigate impacts to the species. The transplantation of barre] cactus has been demonstrated to be successful in a number of areas, most recently the Otay Business Park on Otay Mesa adjacent to the International Border, which showed that approximately 90 percent of the plants survived over the 3 year period since transplanting. In addition, many of these have new off-spring and the population seems to be in a stable condition. Mitigation at the SPA Plan level will be required to include preserve design criteria. 18 . The fo1lowing Coast barrel cactus guidelines sha1l govern the mitigation of Coast barrel cactus within the San Miguel open space. These criteria address open space protection and transplant techniques and receive site designations. The guidelines also identify requisite monitoring and success criteria for transplanted materials. No less than 2,471 cacti shall be preserved ill situ within open spaces designated as N2, N3, N4, Sl, S3, and S4. (Plate 4, attached). Open space Sl, S3, and S4 shall be individually fenced on the development area side to prevent general access into these open space areas. (See Plate 4, attached). Fences which define the owner usable portion of the development envelope shall be of a wooden or block wall construction type and shall be insta1led prior to the sale of any individual lots. Fences along roadways or along the SDG&E easements shall be set back from the edge of the roads no less than 25 feet and shall be of an open nature to allow large mammal crossing. All fuel management activities shall occur within the pad and identified limits of owner use areas adjacent to a1l open spaces. The limits of grading shall be established by flagging and erecting a single strand heavily flagged construction fence around the entire perimeter of all disturbance areas. Prior to the initiation of grading, all identified barrel cactus within proposed areas of grading shall be marked on the north side for orientation and salvaged for transplanting. A mitigation monitor shall inspect the site following completion of the salvage operation to ensure that all identified cacti have been removed for subsequent transplant. Once the city has determined that all cacti have been removed, grading shall be allowed. to proceed. Salvaged cacti shall be transplanted into suitable sites along the ridgeline within the S4 mitigation area (Plate 4, attached). Care is to be take to ensure proper orientation of the cacti to prevent sunburning of the plants. It is estimated that 0.38 acre of suitable receiver area shall be required within the open space in order to plant cacti on an average density of 1 cactus/m2. This open space supports numerous roadways through ridges bounded on both sides by cacti. The target restoration areas would be these roadways. Restoration sites shall be protected from vehicular traffic by directional signage and use of bmrier posts to block access 19 through the restoration area. Large cholla cacti are to be used around the barriers and throughout the roadway to develop habitat for cactus wren mitigation and will also serve to curb vehicular traffic. Areas are to be further seeded with an open sage scrub seed mix to include: deerweed (LollIS scoparillS), white sage (Salvia apiana); and plantain (Plan/ago erec/a) to assist in eliminating the appearance of a roadway, while not resulting in a competitive dominance of tall statured shrubs. This area does not naturally support dense vegetation, so it is unlikely that such vegetation will naturally develop over time. Restoration efforts shall be monitored annually in the spring concurrent with the Adolphia monitoring for a period of 5 years and shall document the status of the mitigation site. Success shall be the survival of no fewer than 75% of the transplanted cacti and the general trend towards recovery of abandon roadways in a manner which would suggest long-term recovery of the site. Annual monitoring reports shall be submitted to the City within one month of each monitoring event. * * * * Significant Effect - SOlllhem Portion: Loss of approximately 345 individuals of California Adolphia would occur under the GDP development envelope footprint for the southern parcel. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final ElR 90-02. At the GDP review level, impacts to the biological resources on the southern parcel shall be construed as significant and unmitigated. However, at the SPA Plan level, the City will make a subsequent CEQA "significance" determination as to whether the southern mitigation plan reduces impacts to the adolphia to below a level of significance. It is anticipated that all impacts to biological resources on the southern portion will be mitigated to below a level of significance, with the exception of impacts to the Otay Tarweed and Palmer's Grappling Hook, provided all of the following requirements are met: (a) the criteria set forth in the southern mitigation plan, as described in the Supplement at pages 3.3-50 to 3.3-62, are satisfied at the SPA PIan level; (b) no substantial changes have occurred to the project or its circumstances since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeRegs. ~15162(a)(1)(2)); and (c) no significant new information has arisen since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeRegs ~15162(a)(3)). Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval: · To compensate for the loss of approximately 345 individual plants of California Adolphia in the southern portion of the project, 50% of this 20 species shall be preserved in biological open space. To achieve this mitigation goal, the proposed project shall include a mitigation area supporting a population with an estimated total of 350 plants in the southwestern portion of the northern parcel (Plate 4, attached). In addition, a population estimated to support approximately 40 plants shall be incorporated into the open space on the eastern portion of the southern parcel (Plate 4). The results of this mitigation would be to set aside a total of 390 plants as south parcel mitigation for impacts to 345 plants (53% preservation). In both instances, the plants would be preserved away from development (the reconfiguration of the northern development envelope at this open space, as described below, would eliminate lots adjacent to the mitigation area) and therefore management measures beyond open space fencing are not required. . As further mitigation, populations shall be enhanced by planting young adolphia seedings in the periphery of the preserved populations. Special restoration attention shall be paid to disturbed areas including trails, roadways and weedy clay grassland habitats adjacent to these populations. This species is also to be used as a buffer plant around preserve Otay Tarweed populations. The adolphia persists in areas of similar soils to that of the Otay Tarweed and the thorny growth form of the adolphia would provide an opportunity to create both valuable and functional buffer plantings around some of the Tarweed preserve fields. Mitigation at the SPA level will be required to include preserve design criteria. · The following California Adolphia guidelines shall govern the treatment of adolphia mitigation areas within the San Miguel Ranch site. Specific mitigation details shall be developed at the SPA Plan level in conformance with the following standards: Open space designated as Nl (Plate 4) is to be fenced in a manner acceptable to the City along all sides of the open space which face roadways. Fences which define the owner usable portion of the development envelope shall be of a wooden or block wall construction type and shall be installed prior to the sale of any individual lots. Fences adjacent to wildlife crossings shall be set back from the edge of the road no less than 25 feet and shall be open to allow large mammal crossing. All fuel management activities shall occur only within the pad and identified limits of owner use areas adjacent to all open spaces, but specifically open space Nl and S4 for the purpose of the adolphia mitigation program (Plate 4). Not less than 300 seeding adolphia shall be planted around the periphery of the preserved population occurring in the Nl open 21 space (Plate 4). Plants shall be of either a liner/plant band or 1 gallon container size. Planting shall occur no later than December of the first year following initiation of grading within the southern parcel. All transplanting shall occur during the winter rainy season to maximize plant establishment and growth potential. Transplanted adolphia shall be monitored annually in the spring for a period of 5 years to ensure successful establishment and continued growth. Success shall be determined by the survival and growth over the 5 year period of no less than 30% of the plants. Annual monitoring reports shall be submitted to the City within one month of each monitoring event. Fencing shall be maintained on a long-term basis. * * * * Significant Effect - SOli/hem Portion: Loss of the habitat for one pair of coastal cactus wren would occur as a result of the development of the southern portion of the project. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final ElR 90-02. At the GDP review level, impacts to the biological resources on the southern parcel shall be construed as significant and unmitigated. However, at the SPA Plan level, the City will make a subsequent CEQA "significance" determination as to whether the southern mitigation plan reduces impacts to coastal cactus wren to below a level of significance. It is anticipated that all impacts to biological resources on the southern portion will be mitigated to below a level of significance, with the exception of impacts to the Otay Tarweed and Palmer's Grappling Hook, provided all of the following requirements are met: (a) the criteria set forth in the southern mitigation plan, as described in the Supplement at pages 3.3-50 to 3.3-62, are satisfied at the SPA Plan level; (b) no subs~antial changes have occurred to the project or its circumstances since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeRegs. ~15162(a)(1)(2)); and (c) no significant new information has arisen since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 CaI.CodeRegs ~15162(a)(3)). Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval: · The one pair of coastal cactus wren which would be impacted will be mitigated by the preservation of 3 pairs of cactus wrens located in the southern open space parcel (S4). In addition, cholla stands which are to be impacted by the project will be transplanted to expand and enhance the cactus wren populations in the south parcel S4 open space. Transplanted cactus habitat shall be created in disturbed areas of the south parcel open space over an area equal to or exceeding the 22 use area of the cactus wren pair to be displaced prior to elimination of the existing occupied habitat on-site. To determine the appropriate mitigation area, the activity patterns of the impacted cactus wren and the 3 territories within the S4 open space shall be monitored to determine boundaries of the home ranges and to characterize the important elements of home range usage. In addition, vegetation will be characterized within the home range using standard vegetation transect methodology to determine plant cover, height, and frequency distribution of various elements. . Enhancement for coastal cactus wrens by transplantation of large cholla cactus has shown promise in the Poggi Canyon cactus transplant, in which cactus moved in 1990 were occupied by one nesting pair of coastal cactus wrens in 1992. The nest supported eggs and young early in the season, however neither the adults or young could be located in July. For this reason, it is unknown whether this pair successfully fledged young this year. Mitigation at the SPA level will be required to include preserve design criteria. . The following coastal cactus wren mitigation program guidelines shall form the basis for studies to be conducted on the on-site coastal cactus wrens and shall form the basis for the final cactus wren mitigation program development. In that a study to document characteristics of wren habitat is to precede the determination of the ultimate appropriate restoration measures for this target species, the guidelines below should be considered a working framework with minimal milestones to be finalized at the subsequent specific plan stage. Three pairs of coastal cactus wrens are to be protected within the S4 open space identified in Plate 4. This open space is to be fenced along the development sides to prevent general access. A monitoring program shall be implemented to characterize habitat requirements of coastal cactus wrens. The study shall include an analysis of the three cactus wren pairs in open space S4 as well as the one pair to be impacted in the southern development area. The monitoring program shall run for a period of one year. An interim report shall be prepared to detail the results of the first 6 months of monitoring. This report shall be completed and shall be submitted to the City, USFWS, and CDFG. The results of this report shall be used to establish mitigation criteria for SPA approvals. A final report is to be completed and shall form the basis for final mitigation designs and grading permit issuance in the development area supporting the cactus wren pair. The program shall include the following: 23 Weekly monitoring and home-range use studies of each of the 4 territories shall be conducted for a period of no less than 2 hours/territory/interval. Monitoring periods are to be staggered to ensure all diurnal periods are covered for each pair. Studies are to include a documentation of activity budgets (ie, foraging, displaying, defending, roosting, breeding, etc.), an identification of time spent on each primary plant taxa occurring within the territory, and an identification of home-range size, shape and location over the course of the year using occurrence frequency data. Vegetation characterization of each home-range is to be completed during the pre-breeding spring months of 1993. This work shall include a documentation of percent composition of various elements, frequency distribution of elements, height structure, and similarity between territories. Work is to be completed along 50 meter line intercept transects distributed randomly within home-ranges. The number of transects to be used in each territory shall be determined based on territory size and homogeneity. An analysis of existing territory sizes and composition and recommendations for restoration of a territory within open space S4 as a compensation territory. This recommendation shall be based on observed activities and conditions within occupied territories and shall include a consideration of "favored" habitat elements and territorial boundary interactions. The report shall also consider existing restoration technology and shall make recommendations as to the most appropriate restoration . techniques to maximize success. This report shall include a habitat restoration plan which provides specific guidance on creating a suitable habitat for cactus wrens and appropriate maintenance, monitoring and success milestones. * * * * Significant Effect - SOlllhem Portion: The loss of .5 acres of wetland habitat in the southern portion is considered a significant impact by the California Department ofFish and Game. Finding: Pursuant to Section 1509](a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. At the GDP review level, 24 impacts to the biological resources on the southern parcel shall be construed as significant and unmitigated. However, at the SPA Plan level, the City will make a subsequent CEQA "significance" determination as to whether the southern mitigation plan reduces impacts to wetland habitat to below a level of significance. It is anticipated that all impacts to biological resources on the southern portion will be mitigated to below a level of significance, with the exception of impacts to the Otay Tarweed and Palmer's Grappling Hook, provided all of the folJowing requirements are met: (a) the criteria set forth in the southern mitigation plan, as described in the Supplement at pages 3.3-50 to 3.3-62, are satisfied at the SPA Plan level; (b) no substantial changes have occurred to the project or its circumstances since the GDP leve] (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeRegs. ~15162(a)(1)(2)); and (c) no significant new information has arisen since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 CaI.CodeRegs ~15162(a)(3)). Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval: . Mitigation of wetland impacts shall be accomplished primarily by avoidance measures. It is estimated that 0.5 acre of dry alkaline marsh occurs within the southern parcel in an area which cannot be avoided by the project work. In order to compensate for this impacted habitat, additional wetlands of a similar type will be increased within an area designated as open space in the southwestern portion of the north parcel (Figure 1). This area totals approximately 10 acres and supports a very narrow channel bounded by non-native grassland upstream of an existing pond. This mitigation site would involve the reconfiguration of the northern development envelope at this location to eliminate encroachment by 5 lots. . A small detention basin shall be constructed on this channel to create a seasonal impoundment pond. The basin will be revegetated by Mulefat, San Diego Marsh Elder, and Southwestern Spiny Rush. Similar habitat occurs elsewhere on this channel and as such, it is expected that such mitigation may be readily accomplished in this location. Mitigation is to be completed on a 1:1 area and value basis as recommended by the Supplement. * * * * Significant Effect - SOlllhem Portion: Loss of approximately 30 individuals of San Diego Marsh Elder would occur within the southern portion of the project. Because of its location within wetlands, the impact is considered to be significant. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(I) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final ElR 90-02. At the GDP review level, impacts to the biological resources on the southern parcel shall be construed as significant and unmitigated. However, at the SPA Plan level, the City will make a subsequent CEQA 25 "significance" determination as to whether the southern mitigation plan reduces impacts to San Diego Marsh Elder to below a level of significance. It is anticipated that a1l impacts to biological resources on the southern portion wi1l be mitigated to below a level of significance, with the exception of impacts to the Otay Tarweed and Palmer's Grappling Hook, provided all of the f01l0wing requirements are met: (a) the criteria set forth in the southern mitigation plan, as described in the Supplement at pages 3.3-50 to 3.3-62, are satisfied at the SPA Plan level; (b) no substantial changes have occurred to the project or its circumstances since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeRegs. ~15162(a)(I)(2)); and (c) no significant new information has arisen since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 CaI.CodeRegs ~15162(a)(3)). Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval: . San Diego Marsh Elder sha1l be used as a primary component in the creation of a 0.5 acre wetland mitigation site within open space area Nl. (Plate 4). This species has been used very successfu1ly in restoration programs and has been planted by seed as we1l as by container units, although seeding appears to work best. The mitigation program sha1l ensure that a minimum of 1: 1 numerical replacement of plants impacted sha1l occur within the created wetland area. The mitigation area shall use site c01lected seed in the restoration program. Successful completion of this mitigation measure sha1l be the establishment and survival of not less than 15 individuals of this species at the restoration site over a 5 year period. Annual monitoring sha1l be conducted for a period of 5 years during the spring with reports being submitted within one month of each monitoring to the City. This mitigation measure meets the identified objectives of the EIR mitigation requirements. Mitigation at the SPA level will be required to include preserve design criteria. * * * * Significant Effect - SOli/hem Portion: Loss of approximately 15 individuals of Southwestern Spiny Rush would occur within the southern portion of the project. Because of its location within wetlands, the impact is considered to be significant. Finding: Pursuant to Section l5091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final ElR 90-02. At the GDP review level, impacts to the biological resources on the southern parcel sha1l be construed as significant and unmitigated. However, at the SPA Plan level, the City will make a subsequent CEQA "significance" determination as to whether the southern mitigation plan reduces impacts to Southwestern Spiny Rush to below a level of significance. It is anticipated that a1l impacts to biological resources on the southern portion will be mitigated to below a level of significance, with the exception of impacts to the Otay Tarweed and Palmer's Grappling Hook, provided all of the following requirements are met: (a) the criteria set forth in the 26 southern mitigation plan, as described in the Supplement at pages 3.3-50 to 3.3-62, are satisfied at the SPA Plan !evel; (b) no substantial changes have occurred to the project or its circumstances since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeRegs. ~15162(a)(1)(2)); and (c) no significant new information has arisen since the GDP level (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeRegs ~15l62(a)(3)). Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval: . Southwestern Spiny Rush shall be used as a primary component in the creation of a 0.5 acre wetland mitigation site within open space area N1 (Plate 4). This species has been used very successfully in restoration programs and has been planted by seed as well as by container units, although seeding appears to work best. The mitigation program shall ensure that a minimum of I: I numerical replacement of plants impacted shall occur within the created wetland area. The mitigation area shall make use of site collected seed in the restoration program. Successful completion of this mitigation measure shall be the establishment and survival of not less than 15 individuals of this species at the restoration site over a 5 year period. Annual monitoring shall be conducted for a period of 5 years during the spring with reports being submitted within one month of each monitoring to the City. This mitigation measure meets the identified objectives of the EIR mitigation requirements. Mitigation at the SPA level wil] be required to include preserve design criteria. * * * * Significalll Effect - Southern Portion: The western and centra] thirds of the southern portion each contain a dense population of Otay Tarweed. The State has listed Otay Tarweed as an endangered species. Approximately 144,000 individual Otay Tarweed plants would be lost in the southern portion of the project. Finding: Although the mitigation measures noted below would minimize the project's impacts to Otay Tarweed, for purposes of GDP review, these impacts cannot be avoided a'nd would remain significant. Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines, there are no feasible measures that would mitigate the impacts to below a level of significance. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that this impact is acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are been found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval: . Impacts to Otay Tarweed are significant and unmitigable under the proposed plan and given the population sizes, distribution, and abundance of Otay Tarweed populations on the southern development area, only a substantial project redesign would result in the mitigation 27 thresholds identified for reducing impacts to a less-than-significant level. The Supplement calls for an 80% preservation or a minimum of 65% preservation combined with a subsequent transplant program. . Mitigation measures for this species have attempted to incorporate concerns for long-term defensibility and viability of the proposed preservation areas. As mitigation, a reduction in the development envelope is proposed in the southwestern portion of the site and a designation of open space is proposed to include tarweed populations (see Plate 4, open spaces Sl, S2, and a small portion of S3). The primary Otay Tarweed mitigation site shall be created by the expansion of open space within the south along the SDG&E right-of-way as both the right-of-way and the adjacent area to be preserved support large dense stands of Otay Tarweed. Approximately 10 acres of proposed residential development will be set aside and 5 acres of open space proposed as a development opportunity will be left as open space for a total of 15 acres, in addition to the existing SDG&E right-of-way of approximately 8 acres (not counted toward project mitigation) (open space S2). This open space expansion will provide mitigation for this species and is anticipated to be viable for the long-term as the area wiJ] be fenced to prevent encroachment by adjacent residents or by off road vehicle traffic and wiJ] be managed for the enhancement of the species. Although this species is an annual and numbers tluctuate significantly from year to year, the proposed mitigation area would include approximately 42,000 (29%) of the 144,000 plants occurring within the southern parcel. An additional 11,000 plants occur outside of the development area and within the SDG&E easement corridors. The mitigation program has specifically targeted the most extensive and robust population of tarweed for preservation and management. Rejuvenation and management of the preserved tarweed populations is to be a focus of the mitigation program. Additionally, two major groupings of Otay Tarweed on the Northern Parcel, 1) an area of approximately 10,000 plants located in the southeastern portion of the development area on the Northern Parcel (See Figure 3.3-3), and 2) an area of approximately 2,000 plants also located in the southeastern portion of the development area on the Northern Parcel (See Figure 3.3-3) shall be placed in permanent open space. Mitigation at the SPA level wiJ] be required to include preserve design criteria for both the southern and northern populations. The mitigation program proposed for this species is outlined below; however, the impact to this resource cannot be mitigated to below a level of significance even with implementation of this mitigation program. · The Otay Tarweed mitigation program guidelines shall require on-going funded efforts in order to ensure the long-term viability of the preserved tarweed populations. This program fails to meet the CEQA specified mitigation objectives and, as such, impacts to the Otay 28 Tarweed remain significant. Nonetheless, the following measures reduce the significance of the impact: Mitigation area 52 shall be protected by a fence as deemed appropriate by the City's biologist (Plate 4). The fence shall be gated by keyed access to allow for SDG&E to their existing utility easement. The easement area shall be fenced with barbed wire fence to restrict general access by SDG&E into the tarweed reserve areas. The periphery of the site shall be posted to notify the public of the presence of rare species. The northern mitigation areas will be precisely delineated at the SPA level. Fencing of these areas will be required if any development of the north occurs in close proximity. Fuel management activities shall be conducted solely outside of the mitigation area. Plant materials to be used in the adjacent areas are to be of a non-invasive nature and shall be subject to review by a qualified biologist prior to approval of a specific plan. All species shall be confirmed to be compatible with the surrounding area. Native species are favored for this purpose. Interior to the restoration area fence, a direct management program is to be undertaken to remove aggressive competitive exotic species including thistle and to replace these plants with compatible native elements typical of clay field environments. Weedy species are to be removed prior to their going to seed in the late spring. A seed mix of Purple NeedIegrass, Blue Dicks, and Otay Tarweed is to be dispersed on the site during the month of November. Bulbous species should also be planted if available. Around the periphery, planting shall include Adolphia shrubs to further restrict access and general use of the site. The surrounding areas shall be drained away from the site using brow ditches and irrigation systems should be designed to prohibit any overcasting into the site. Intermittent sheep grazing may be used as a part of the management program for the site. Grazing shall be managed by a trained biologist to ensure that seed has been dripped prior to allowing grazing to occur. This grazing may occur for a period of up to two to four weeks per year. 29 An annual monitoring and maintenance program shall be implemented to ensure that exotic weeds are kept under control and the fencing is maintained. This program shall be funded as a part of the maintenance assessment district. Work is to be undertaken only by a qualified biologist with experience in managing rare plant populations. A Section 2081 agreement shall be entered into by CDFG and the developer relative to management of the species within the preservation areas at the SPA Plan level of CEQA review, and consistent with the foregoing conditions. * * * * Significant Effect - Sowhem Portion: All of the estimated 10,000 individuals of Palmer's Grappling Hook onsite would be lost. Finding: Although the mitigation measures noted below would minimize the project's impacts to Palmer's Grappling Hook, these impacts cannot be avoided and would remain significant for purposes of GDP review. Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines, there are no feasible measures that would mitigate the impacts to below a 1evel of significance. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that this impact is acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval: . While impacts to Palmer's Grappling Hook cannot be mitigated to below a level of significance on the southern parcel, mitigation for impacts to this sensitive species is still provided. The applicant shall dedicate the area in the southeastern corner of the development area on the northern parcel which contains approximately 1,000 plants (see Figure 3.3-2) as permanent open space. If any development on the northern parcel occurs in close proximity, a minimum 50 foot buffer shall be provided, and fencing shall be placed around the entire preserve area. Plant materials used in adjacent areas for landscaping shall be subject to review by a qualified biologist prior to approval of a specific plan. Interior to the restoration area fence, a direct management program will be implemented to remove aggressive competitive exotic species. The surrounding areas shall be drained away from the site using brow ditches. * * * * Significallt Effect - NOr/hem Portion: Development of the northern portion of the project would significantly disrupt the rich biodiversity of this site. The northern 30 development could result in the loss of approximately 311 acres of Diegan coastal sage scrub, which is designated as a sensitive habitat. This is considered a significant impact due to the overall loss of this habitat in southern California and because many of the sensitive plant and animal species found onsite are concentrated in this habitat, including the California gnatcatcher and Coast barrel cactus. The gnatcatcher population on the site is part of a larger core population for the entire species and the project would cause direct impacts to 40 of the existing 69 pairs onsite. Additional impacts in the north would occur to the cactus wren, Otay Tarweed, Palmer's Grappling Hook, and wetland habitat. Other significant impacts to wildlife incJude fragmentation of habitat, constricted movement corridors, and impacts from pets, lighting, noise and wild fires. The biological significance of the northern portion of the project from a regional standpoint is acknowledged. As previously stated in the Supplement to EIR 90-02: "The Rancho San Miguel site supports one of the richest and most diverse assemblages of unique and sensitive biological resources in Southern California. Thirteen sensitive plant species and twenty sensitive animal species are known to occur on the project site. Additionally, the site is potentially the single largest concentration of California gnatcatchers in southern California, and may support the largest known population of Otay tarweed in San Diego County. Regionally, significant populations of coast barrel cactus and San Diego cactus wren are also present onsite. Individually, many of the 33 sensitive species found on the site would be considered significant resources. The high diversity and large population sizes of these resources compounds the significance of the site for biological resources. The location of the site is also important in that it lies within a larger block of contiguous open space to the north, east and south, and is adjacent to one of the largest populations of the federally endangered least Bell's vireo, which occurs along the upper reaches of the Sweetwater Reservoir. The northern portion of the project is contiguous with an existing gnatcatcher population occurring throughout the Sweetwater River Valley to just above Singing Hills Golf Course that likely exceeds 150 pair. This could represent as much as 10 percent of the U.S. population of gnatcatchers. The northern portion of the site serves as a major movement corridor between the Otay Mesa area to the south and the Sweetwater Reservoir." Because the proposed project is at the GDP level of review, a "worst case" approach was used to identify impacts to biological resources to the entire project. This approach assumed that each entire lot within the large lot development areas in the north would be fully impacted by development. Under CEQA, the measures which could minimize identified impacts to biological resources in the northern parcel include the adoption of alternatives to the proposed project, or the adoption of a mitigation plan incorporating a redesign of the northern parcel. Two 31 of the project alternatives identified in the Draft EIR, the biologically sensitive alternative and the south only development alternative, would eliminate all proposed development on the northern parcel. Under each of those alternatives, the entire 1,852-acre northern parcel would be part of an open space area encompassing Mother Miguel Mountain. See, Draft EIR, Section 5. These two alternatives would eliminate impacts to sensitive species and biological corridors in the northern parcel. Aside from the identified project alternatives, a reduction in the identified impacts cou]d take place through adoption of a mitigation plan incorporating a redesign of the northern parcel. The mitigation plan for the northern parcel is intended to be developed further at the SPA Plan level, which is the next phase of the environmental review process for the project. At the initial GDP level of review, however, it is important to establish the mitigation criteria and planning framework to ensure that a programmatic mitigation plan is provided. In this way, the planning context is in place for completion of the mitigation plan at the SPA Plan level. The final mitigation plan will be open to subsequent review and environmental analysis by the City of Chula Vista, federal and state reviewing agencies and all other interested persons. Filldillg: Although the mitigation measures noted below would minimize the project's biological impacts to the northern portion of the project site, these impacts cannot be avoided and would remain significant, at least at the GDP review level. Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines, there are no feasible measures that would mitigate the impacts below a level of significance. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that this impact is acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. The City notes further, however, that biological impacts to the northern portion of the project will undergo further review at the SPA Plan level, at which time the City shall make a further "significance" determination concerning whether the redesign of the northern portion of the project would mitigate impacts to biological resources to below a level of significance. Mitigatioll Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval: Commifmellt to Prepare Mitigatioll Plall: The project applicant shall prepare a SPA Plan-level mitigation plan that incorporates a redesign of the proposed development in the northern parcel, emphasizing a resource preserve design. Coordination with personnel from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ("USfWS"), the California Department of fish and Game ("CDFG"), the City of Chula Vista and the County of San Diego shall take place during preparation of this mitigation plan. The SPA Plan-level mitigation plan shall be prepared, analyzed and included in a Supplemental Environmental Impact Report ("ElR") for the applicant's SPA Plan. The City of Chula Vista, as the lead agency, shall retain final discretionary review and approval authority with respect to the mitigation plan and Supplemental ErR for the SPA Plan. 32 The SPA Plan-level mitigation plan shall not be approved prior to May 1, 1994, the date by which the South County Natural Community Conservation Plan (NCCP) is anticipated to be adopted by the City of Chula Vista and approved by the CDFG and USFWS. In the event that the South County NCCP is not adopted and approved by the City of Chula Vista, the CDFG and the USFWS on or before May 1, 1994, the project applicant and the City have agreed to pursue completion and approval of the South County NCCP beyond this expiration date; however, after the expiration date, the applicant may make a request to the Chula Vista City Council to consider allowing the applicant to proceed with a SPA-level mitigation plan. The City acknowledges that the foregoing time period relating to the SPA-level mitigation plan does not apply to or restrict the applicant's processing of a SPA Plan for the southern portion. The City further acknowledges that: (i) In the event the northern portion of the project is subsequently dedicated as permanent natural open space or included in a mitigation bank, the SPA Plan- level mitigation plan and the South County Natural Community Conservation Plan are not necessary or required for the northern portion or any other subsequent discretionary project approval. (ii) The SPA Plan-level mitigation plan shall be considered prior to annexation of the northern portion into the Chula Vista corporate boundary. (iii) Preparation of the SPA Plan-level mitigation plan shaH be a condition of approval of the San Miguel Ranch GDP, consistent with the criteria set forth below. Criteria to be Used in Evaluating the Mitigation Plan: The South County NCCP, if completed and approved, may preclude development of the northern parcel, or may provide for different criteria and standards for the preservation and enhancement of on-site biological resources. If it does not, the criteria set forth below shaH be used in creating the SPA Plan-level mitigation plan. In preparing the SPA Plan-level mitigation plan, the project applicant shaH use the guidelines set forth below as the applicable criteria for mitigating impacts to the identified biological resources in the northern parcel. The following criteria shaH constitute the minimum level of preservation required for the designated species in preparing the SPA Plan-level mitigation plan. The applicant also specificaHy acknowledges that the actual level of mitigation could be as much as 100 percent preservation for some species in order to achieve a finding that the impacts fall below a level of significance under CEQA and that the City may require this level of mitigation. This significance determination shaH be made a part of the Supplemental EIR for the applicant's SPA Plan. The City of Chula Vista acknowledges that the CDFG may not find the criteria stated below to be acceptable at the SPA level. (i) Diegan coastal sage scrub Impacts to onsite coastal sage scrub cannot be mitigated with the project as proposed. Sensitive 33 (ii) species that are a part of this habitat onsite include important populations of coast barrel cactus, Munz's sage, California gnatcatcher and cactus wren. These species are concentrated in the coastal sage scrub habitat designated for development under the project, as proposed. Any loss of coastal sage scrub shall require mitigation onsite through the creation of open space preserves at a mitigation ratio of 4: 1, and subject to a long term maintenance and management program. Of the northern parcel, no more than 15% of the onsite coastal sage scrub shall be impacted by development and at least 85% shall be used for provision of onsite mitigation or for mitigation purposes by others. This measure will reduce, but not completely avoid, significant and unmitigable impacts. Reduction to insignificance can only be attained through on-site preservation of all coastal sage scrub on the northern parcel. While the range of potential on-site and off-site mitigation measures is greater than that proposed for the southern parcel, it is justified by the greater bio-diversity on the northern parcel, which makes this area a much more important regional location for Diegan coastal sage scrub habitat. Mitigation at the SPA level will be required to include preserve design criteria. Wetlands Impacts to wetlands cannot be mitigated with the project as proposed. The wetlands occur within the site drainages of the north parcel. At the GDP review level, the worst case scenario for impacts was assumed within large lot development areas in the northern parcel which included the assumption that each entire lot would be impacted by development. The Draft EIR specifically notes that impacts in the northern parcel can be reduced significantly, and that impacts must be avoided to the extent practicable. The reduction of impacts would occur during the SPA Plan review level, and any impacts may require a 1603 agreement and possibly a 404 permit. Mitigation at the SPA level will be required to include preserve design criteria. Until these minimization measures are 34 (iii) Non-native grassland (iv) California gnatcatcher resolved at the SPA level, a specific revegetation plan cannot yet be developed. The recommended mitigation replacement ratio is a minimum of 1:1. This ratio is based upon the generally low to moderate quality of wetland habitats being impacted, and is not inconsistent with acceptable mitigation measures for impacts to similar quality wetlands in southern California. The ratio is considered the minimum to meet the "no net loss" criteria for both federal and state reviewing agencies. See below for mitigation criteria relating to Palmer's Grappling Hook and Otay Tarweed. Impacts to the California gnatcatcher cannot be mitigated with the project as proposed. Mitigation for losses of the California gnatcatcher can be accomplished only through dedication of important tracts of the species' habitat into natural open space. These tracts must be linked in a network to allow for the birds' dispersal, maintenance of populations sufficiently large to be self-sustaining, and population recovery after the fires which inevitably sweep through native scrub. Because Rancho San Miguel is a major part of a core habitat, reductions to below a level of significance can be accomplished only through a project redesign that leaves a significant majority of the pairs and their habitat in natural open space. Any losses of existing pairs, occupied gnatcatcher habitat, or unoccupied potential breeding gnatcatcher habitat shall require mitigation onsite through the creation of permanent open space preserves at a preservation ratio of 2: 1, and subject to a long term maintenance and management program. Of the northern parcel, no more than 20% of the existing pairs, 20% of the occupied gnatcatcher habitat, and 50% of the unoccupied potential breeding gnatcatcher habitat shaH be impacted by development. At least 80% of the existing pairs, 80% of the occupied gnatcatcher habitat, and 50% of the unoccupied potential breeding gnatcatcher habitat shaH be used for the provision of onsite mitigation or for mitigation purposes by 35 (v) (vi) others. Mitigation at the SPA level will be required to include preserve design criteria. This measure will reduce, but not completely avoid, significant and unmitigable biological impacts. Reduction to insignificance can only be attained through on-site preservation of all existing pairs, occupied gnatcatcher habitat, and unoccupied potential breeding gnatcatcher habitat on the northern parcel. While this mitigation ratio of 2:1 is greater than that proposed for the southern parcel, it is justified by the greater bio-diversity on the northern parcel, which makes this area a much more important regional location for California gnatcatchers. Cactus wren Impacts to the cactus wren cannot be mitigated with the project as proposed. To reduce, but not completely avoid significant and unmitigable impacts, the project must be redesigned to impact no more than one pair of cactus wren. All remaining occupied cactus thickets containing six pairs of cactus wrens shall be placed within contiguous bi010gical open space. In addition, cactus stands which are to be impacted by the project will be transplanted to expand and enhance the cactus wren populations in areas adjacent to existing populations in the north. To determine the appropriate mitigation area, a qualified biologist shall monitor the activity patterns of the impacted cactus wren and in the remaining territories in the north to determine boundaries of the home ranges and to characterize the important elements of home range usage. Subsequent to the restoration, the mitigation area shall be monitored for a period of 5 years to ensure successful establishment of the habitat. Existing occupied thickets lie in the west central and north portions of the north section. Mitigation at the SPA level will be required to include preserve design criteria. Otay Tarweed Loss of such a large population of Otay Tarweed cannot be mitigated with the project as proposed. Therefore, if a significant adverse impact is to be avoided, a minimum of 80 percent of this plant species should be retained in open space, including the areas supporting the largest number 36 (vii) Coast barrel cactus of Otay Tarweed. For impacts which go beyond the 20 percent recommended above, a revegetation/restoration program could be implemented which would examine the potential for re-introducing this species into disturbed areas within proposed open space for the project. Any restoration efforts would require working closely with the CDFG. A minimum of 65 percent of the Otay Tarweed shall be retained ill situ in open space, even if a restoration program is implemented. Such a redesign would reduce impacts to this species to below a level of significance. No revegetation or restoration of the Otay Tarweed should be considered as a mitigation option until it can be demonstrated that such measures will produce long term populations. Mitigation at the SPA level will be required to include preserve design criteria. . Regardless of the final preserve design for the Otay Tarweed, the two populations of 10,000 and 2,000 plants required to be preserved as part of the Southern Mitigation Plan shall remain within the preserve area for the Northern Mitigation Plan and will be included within the plant count in order to ensure a minimum of 65% of the Otay Tarweed is retained ill situ in open space. An additional 15% shall be retained either ill situ or as part of an Otay Tarweed restoration plan. This will result in onsite preservation of at least 80% of the Otay Tarweed for the northern portion. Assuming a 24,000 plant count in the north, a preservation level of 65% would require 15,600 plants to be preserved in situ, and after allowing for the 12,000 plants previously committed, an additional 3,600 plants would need to be preserved ill situ as part of the northern mitigation plan. Loss of such large populations of barrel cacti cannot be mitigated with the project as proposed. Therefore, if a significant adverse impact is to be avoided, the areas supporting the largest numbers of barre I cacti should be excluded from the development area. These areas are in the west- central and northwest parts of the north section. Project redesign to avoid these areas would 37 reduce impacts to below a level of significance. A minimum preservation level of 60% ill situ and transplantation of the remaining cacti to proposed open space areas on-site shall be required. Analysis of whether impacts are reduced to below a level of significance shall be undertaken prior to SPA review. Mitigation at the SPA level will be required to include preserve design criteria. (viii) Palmer's Grappling Hook Due to the preservation of virtually aU Palmer's Grappling Hook on the northern parcel as partial mitigation for impacts to this species on the southern parcel, no further mitigation is necessary related to the northern parcel. (ix) California Adolphia Significant impacts to this plant cannot be mitigated with the project as proposed. The loss of significant populations of this plant can be reduced only by excluding the important plant patches from the development area. The project should be redesigned to protect at least 50 percent in biological open space. Such redesign would reduce impacts to below a level of significance. Mitigation at the SPA level wi1l be required to include preserve design criteria. (x) Marsh Elder Wetlands onsite should be avoided to the extent practicable. Mitigation at the SPA level will be required to include preserve design criteria. Unavoidable impacts could be mitigated through a revegetation program. (xi) Spiny Rush Wetlands onsite should be avoided to the extent practicable. Unavoidable impacts to spiny rush could be mitigated through enhancement of wetland areas to include revegetation of Spiny Rush. Mitigation at the SPA level wi11 be required to include preserve design criteria. 38 Additional Mitigation Measures: In addition, the mitigation plan shall incorporate the following general mitigation measures to further reduce impacts to the identified biological resources upon implementation of a redesign of the northern parcel. The potential loss or degradation of wetland habitat is considered significant by CDFG. Any filling of wetlands would require a 1603 agreement between the project applicant and CDFG. A pre-discharge Notification would have to be submitted to the Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) if statutory thresholds are exceeded, and a 404 permit may be required. A no net loss of wetland habitat is required by CDFG and ACOE. Impacts to wetlands must be avoided to the extent practicable. Impacts within the project can be reduced by placement of wetlands occurring within proposed residential lots in open space easements and providing adequate buffers. Where impacts cannot be avoided, every effort should be made to minimize these impacts. All unavoidable impacts shall be mitigated by on site creation of wetland habitat. Drainages that receive run-off from housing may be considered for the location of created wetlands. Minimization of impacts could be accomplished with a comprehensive program to replace and enhance wetland habitat under a wetland revegetation plan created by a wetland revegetation specialist and approved by CDFG and ACOE, if necessary, and the City of Chula Vista. Total created wetland would have to be at a replacement ratio of a minimum of 1:1. Graded areas along roadways shall be hydroseeded with native plant species consistent with surrounding natural vegetation. This would help to minimize erosion and runoff, as well as improve the area aesthetically by making it visually compatible with adjacent natural areas. As part of this effort, a revegetation plan shall be developed with the help of a revegetation specialist with experience in coastal sage scrub and similar habitats. The Revegetation Plan shall be prepared by the applicant and a qualified biologist. The use of non-inv<1sive plants in landscaping areas adjacent to open space will be required for all areas outside of actual lot boundaries. Additionally, homeowners will be encouraged to use non-invasive species in their landscaping adjacent to open space. Iceplant (Carpobrotus aeqllila/erallls or C. edlilis) shall not be used in lieu of fire-resistant native vegetation due to the slope failures associated with it. Importation of this plant introduces fire ants, which are known to reduce native harvester ant population through competition and displacement. In addition, fire ants are unpalatable to the San Diego horned lizard and their introduction would reduce horned lizard populations. Grading activities within 100 feet of areas of identified California gnatcatcher pairs, or their associated coastal sage scrub habitat, shall not be conducted during the breeding or nesting season (mid-March through July annually). Grading activities shall be supervised by a biologist. 39 Site preparation activities, especially staging area operations and maintenance rows for heavy machinery, shall be restricted to areas not being placed in open space. Carelessness on the part of equipment operators can result in the destruction of areas that have been designated for preservation. Areas adjacent to open space shall be fenced. A debris fence shall be installed prior to excavation in areas where grading is up-slope of sensitive biological habitats. These recommendations should be incorporated into a construction monitoring program approved by the City of Chula Vista. Compliance with state regulations (California AB 3180) requiring monitoring programs for development projects would require satisfaction of the following two objectives: The final site plan must be reviewed by a qualified biologist for the City of Chula Vista and by CDFG for compliance with these mitigation measures and must also be approved by the City Council, upon recommendation of the Planning Commission, in conjunction with the Sectional Planning Area (SPA) Plan. Each phase of project implementation must be reviewed by a qualified biologist for compliance with the mitigation measures required for that phase, and a report must be filed prior to notice of completion. NCCP Requirement: The mitigation plan shall be consistent with the sub-regional Natural Communities Conservation Planning Program (NCCP) for coastal sage scrub in southern San Diego County, otherwise known as the South County NCCP, unless the applicant is granted permission by the City Council to proceed with the SPA-level mitigation plan pursuant to the procedure established in Sections] above (after May 1, 1994). The project applicant, the City of Chula Vista and the County of San Diego have each entered into "Enrollment Agreements" with the CDFG for the South County NCCP Plan. This Plan, which is authorized by state law (Fish and Game Code ~~2800 et seq.), is sponsored by the California Resources Agency and the CDFG and will be implemented in cooperation with the USFWS. Close cooperation between the three agencies in the NCCP process is ensured through a Memorandum of Understanding entered into between the agencies on December 4, 1991. The South County NCCP Plan is intended to identify and provide for the sub-regional protection and perpetuation of coastal sage scrub habitat and designated "target" species supported by that habitat while, at the same time, allowing compatible and appropriate development and growth, as set forth in Section 2805 of the Fish and Game Code. The purpose for enrolling in this plan is to: (a) complete the field surveys, research and planning necessary to prepare a long-term habitat management plan within the designated preserve area; and (b) protect enrolled coastal sage scrub habitat during the 18-month planning period for the plan, which began on May I, ]992. 40 The South County NCCP Plan is also intended to be consistent with the findings and declarations contained in the enabling legislation. These findings declare that the NCCP process will achieve a number of significant public benefits, including: (a) promoting coordination and cooperation among public agencies, landowners and other private interests; (b) providing a mechanism for landowners and development proponents to effectively participate in the resource conservation planning process; (c) providing regional planning focus which can effectively address cumulative impact concerns, minimize wildlife habitat fragmentation and promote multiple species management and conservation; (d) providing an option for identifying and ensuring appropriate mitigation for impacts on fish and wildlife; (e) promoting the conservation of broad based natural communities and species diversity; and (f) providing for efficient use and protection of natural and economic resources while promoting greater public awareness of important elements of the state's critical resources. To implement these legislative findings, the planning process will focus on preparation and approval of the South County NCCP Plan to ensure the long-term protection and perpetuation of a sufficient amount of coastal sage scrub habitat within a designated preserve area to ensure the long-term survival of designated "target" species associated with that habitat. The target species for coastal sage scrub include the California gnatcatcher, cactus wren and orange-throated whiptail. The applicant has already completed biological field surveys and is continuing to study the northern parcel as required by the Scientific Review Panel (SRP), which was formed in connection with the recently enacted NCCP legislation. Any additional biological field surveying will be consistent with those guidelines to be applied to the property and approved by the SRP. The South County NCCP Plan will include the following components: (a) a sub- regional habitat description and analysis (with clearly mapped boundaries); (b) a defined preserve area; (c) long-term conservation and management strategies; and (d) techniques for implementation of coastal sage scrub habitat protection measures, including a mitigation monitoring program that complies with CEQA. The City of Chula Vista shall review the South County NCCP Plan as it applies to the applicant's northern parcel concurrent with its approval of the SPA Plan for the Northern Parcel. During that review process, the City will consult with the County of San Diego, California Department of Fish & Game (CDFG) and U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) to the extent that the approved NCCP provides for such review. The City Council shall make the final determination that the proposed SPA plan for the Northern Parcel is inconsistent with the approved South County NCCP. The review and final approval process for the South County NCCP Plan is anticipated to take place within a 24-month NCCP planning period, which commenced on May 1, 1992 and expires on May 1, 1994. After the expiration date, the applicant may make a request to the Chu1a Vista City Council to consider allowing the applicant to proceed with the SPA- level mitigation plan. D. ARCHAEOLOGY 41 Significant Effect: The archaeology study on the San Miguel Ranch site determined that eight important sites will be directly impacted by the proposed project. Another eight sites will be indirectly impacted resulting from residential use of project open space areas. The impacts to these 16 sites are significant. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The significant impacts to archaeological resources can be reduced to below a level of significance by implementation of the following mitigation measures. These mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval: · The grading and brushing of the project and any related off-site utility improvements shall be monitored by a qualified archaeologist to ensure that any significant deposits or artifacts which were not identified during the evaluation phase may be analyzed prior to the destruction of the sites. · Any sites which were masked or buried and were not previously discovered shall require evaluation. In the event that any new or previously undetected portions of a site are encountered during the grading of the project or related improvements, the grading shall be halted by the monitoring archaeologist, and the site shall be evaluated for importance. If the site is found to be important, and the impacts will be significant, those impacts must be mitigated to a level of insignificance through either a data recovery program or preservation. · Any testing programs and mitigation measures initiated during mitigation monitoring must be cleared through the City of Chula Vista. · Prior to the initiation of any future projects stemming from this EIR for Rancho San Miguel, the testing programs which were either abbreviated or suspended during the EIR process, as discussed under Impacts in this section, must be completed in accordance with the guidelines of the City of Chula Vista (refer to the technical report to ascertain which programs must be completed). The completion of the testing is not itself a condition of mitigation, and therefore, the timing on this task is not dictated by CEQA. · The impact summary provided in Table 3.4-2 of Draft EIR 90-02 indicates that 35 sites will be directly impacted and 8 sites will be indirectly impacted. Of these, eight sites will require mitigation 42 measures to reduce the significant direct impacts and eight sites will require measures to reduce the significant indirect impacts. The 16 sites which will require mitigation measures are: SDi-4524 * SDi-4526* SDi-4530* SDi-8658* SDi-12,054 SDi-12,061 SDi-12,064 * SDi-12,084H* SDi-4525* SDi-4529* SDi-6957* SDi-12,049 SDi-12,058 SDi-12,063* SDi-12,066* SDi-12,085H · Of the 16 sites listed above which have been evaluated as important resources, those noted with an asterisk have the additional attribute of being located within the Bonita-Miguel Archaeological District. This district was formed on the basis of several archaeological surveys undertaken for the Miguel Substation and related transmission line projects, and was proposed by the Bureau of Land Management. The district was determined to be eligible for the National Register of Historic Places, although the district has not been formally accepted by the Keeper of the Register. While the status of the area as an archaeological district does not imply that a different set of evaluation criteria are used to determine the importance of the sites within the district, it does emphasize the unique pattern of sites within the district area. Impact analysis and mitigation measures should consider the relationship of the sites within the district; however, unless federal funds are involved in the project, CEQA and local city guidelines do not require special treatment of sites found to be eligible for nomination to the National Register. · The sites which will be directly impacted must be subjected to a data recov~ry program to achieve the mitigation of impacts. Those sites which will require data recovery programs due to direct impacts include the following: SDi-4529 SDi-6957 SDi-12,058 SDi-12,084H SDi-4530 SDi-12,054 SDi-12,066 SDi-12,085H · The data recovery programs shall consist of the following: · A detailed collection of information from the surface and subsurface artifact deposits within the framework of an approved research design. This design shall include individual sections for each site, as the sites do not necessarily include identical or directly associated resources. Educational uses for 43 data recovered shall be considered III the design of the data recovery program. . The research design shall address the determination of cultural affiliation and site function(s), feature analysis, tool typology analysis, and regional research issues regarding subsistence patterns, lithic manufacture and maintenance patterns, trade, and intrasite/intersite development. . The historic sites shall require documentation of the line of ownership and periods of occupation, as well as data recovery to collect artifacts which define the range of historic activities. Where standing structures are present, an architectural assessment will be needed. · The information from each site shall be gathered by conducting a statistical sampling program based on a sample size of two to five percent of the site area. As an alternative, a stratified random sample could be conducted to focus greater attention on elements of the resources which contain greater potential to address the questions presented in the research design. · The data collected as part of the implementation of the research design shall be presented in a technical report, with appropriate interpretations and analyses, and submitted for review by the City. · The eight sites which will be indirectly impacted and require mitigation are those which include elements that could be removed or damaged by site visitation. For instance, at Site SDi-4524, the presence of lithic production loci which are relatively undisturbed and which contain elements of the entire prehistoric lithic manufacturing process is very rare il1 this region. Even casual pedestrian visitation through such a locus could disturb the pattern of available data, and the removal of even one tool would seriously impact such a valuable surface expression. The increased presence of residents drawn by the new development would eventually facilitate the degradation of significant elements of the surface aspects of these sites. The sites which would be indirectly impacted through pressures associated with increased pedestrian or equestrian traffic are: SDi-4524 SDi-4526 SDi-12,049 SDi-12,063 SDi-4525 SDi-8658 SDi-12,06l SDi-12,064 · Mitigation measures for these sites shall include: 44 . A preservation plan shall be developed in sufficient detail to ensure that all sensitive aspects of the sites are considered. The completion of the testing program for many of these sites prior to the development of the preservation program will be valuable to the understanding of the sites and the sensitive elements included in each. · The dedication of open space easements to protect these sites from encroachment associated with the development or related actions in the near future, as well as any actions in the future which would include land alteration. · The configuration of the easements shall be designed and dedicated prior to any future development processing fo1lowing this ElR. The proposed open space areas designated for the project cover an area which encompasses the easements for these sites. · Each easement shall include a 100-foot buffer area and must be permanently fenced with six-foot-high, chain link fence. The permanency of the fences shall be assured through the placement of the bases of the fence poles in concrete, and the fencing shall be vinyl coated. This will essentia1ly preclude any development within 100 feet of the sites, while the fence will deter most passersby from encroaching into the sites. The fencing installation shall be conducted under the supervision of an archaeologist to ensure that the resources are not damaged. · The easements sha1l be granted prior to any further land development projects, such as SPAs, and fences must be placed around a1l of the sites identified above before any construction can begin anywhere within the project boundaries. E. PALEONTOLOGY. Significallt Effect: Impacts to paleontological resources occur when earthwork activities cut into geologic formations and destroy the buried fossil remains. The project area is underlain by a variety of formations,some which are known to contain fossils in the surrounding area (Proctor ValleylEastlakelBonita). Based on a review of the concept p]an, it appears that extensive development would occur in those areas underlain by formations which have a moderate to high potential to contain paleontological resources, including the Otay and Sweetwater formations. Mass excavations in these formations would result insignificant impacts to paleontologic resources. Finding: Pursuant to Section l5091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final ElR 90-02. 45 Mitigatioll Measures: To mitigate potential impacts to paleontological resources to below a ]evel of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented during project grading: · Prior to issuance of development permits, the project applicant shall present a letter to the City of Chula Vista indicating that a qualified paleontologist has been retained to carry out an appropriate mitigation program. (A qualified paleontologist is defined as an individual with an M.S. or Ph.D. in paleontology or geology who is familiar with paleontological procedures and techniques.) . A qualified paleontologist shall be at any pre-grade meetings to consult with grading and excavation contractors. At 'this time the units (mudstone and gritstone) of the Sweetwater formation should be located for use by the paleontologist. · A paleontological monitor shall be onsite at all times during the original cutting of previously undisturbed sediments of highly sensitive formations (i.e. Otay and Sweetwater-mudstone portion only) to inspect cuts for contained fossils. A paleontological monitor shall be onsite on at least a half-time basis during the original cutting of previously undisturbed sediments of moderately sensitive formations (i.e. debris !low deposits and Sweetwater-gritstone portion only) to inspect cuts for contained fossils. A paleontological monitor shall be onsite on at least a quarter-time basis during the original cutting of previously undisturbed sediments of low sensitivity formations (i.e. Santiago Peak volcanics-meta- sedimentary portion only) to inspect cuts for contained fossils. A paleontological monitor shall periodically inspect original cuts in deposits with an unknown resource sensitivity (i.e. stream/quaternary deposits). ' In the event that fossils are discovered in unknown, low or moderately sensitive formations it may be necessary to increase that per day field monitoring time. Conversely, if fossils are not being found then the monitoring should be reduced. A paleontological monitor is not needed during grading of rocks with no resource sensitivity (i.e. Santiago Peak Volcanics-meta-volcanic portion ). A paleontological monitor is defined as an individual who has experience in the collection and salvage of fossil material. The 46 paleontological monitor shall work under the direction of a qualified paleontologist. . When fossils are discovered, the paleontologist (or paleontological monitor) shall recover them. In most cases this fossil salvage can be completed in a short period of time. However, some fossil specimens (such as a complete large mammal skeleton) may require an extended salvage time. In these instances the paleontologist (or monitor) shall be allowed to temporarily direct, divert, or halt grading to allow recovery of fossil remains in a timely manner. Because of the potential for the recovery of small fossil remains such as isolated mammal teeth, it may be necessary, in certain instances, to set up a screen-washing operation at the site. . Fossil remains collected during the monitoring and salvage portion of the mitigation program shall be cleaned, repaired, sorted and cataloged. · Prepared fossils along with copies of all pertinent field notes, photos, and maps shall then be deposited (with the owners' permission) in a scientific institution with paleontological collections such as the San Diego Natural History Museum. · A final summary report shall be completed which outlines the results of the mitigation program. This report shall include discussion of the methods used, stratigraphic section exposed, fossils collected and significance of recovered fossils. · Selected roadcuts or large finished slopes in areas of interesting geology (e.g. Highway 125) shall be left unlandscaped if they would not be subject to erosion so they can serve as important educational and scientific reference exposures for future generations. F. GEOLOGY/SOILS Significant Effect: The project site could be subject to a seismic event with maximum credible magnitude of 6.7 on the potentially active La Nacion fault, located approximately four miles away. Such an event could result in significant impacts as the result of ground acceleration, liquefaction (in the event saturated alluvial materials are present), or slope instability due to reactivating existing landslides or the presence of weak shared clay seams and bentonite layers within the Sweetwater and Otay formations. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. 47 Mitigatioll Measures: To mitigate potential impacts associated with seismicity to below a level of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: · All proposed structures and pertinent facilities shall comply with guidelines of the Uniform Building Code and any applicable state or local construction standards, as well as future geotechnical studies. · Appropriate grading and construction measures related to seismic loading shall be used. · Appropriate fill and structural design shall be used. · Surficial materials including alluvium, fill and topsoils shall be excavated to firm natural ground and either replaced with approved fill or recompacted, depending on direction from the geotechnical consultant. · The suitability of debris !low deposits to support structures, and the likelihood of future failures in the head areas of debris flows shall be investigated by a qualified geotechnical consultant as soon as grading plans are available. · Slope stabilization methods recommended by a qualified geotechnical consultant shall be used. · All slope designs, cuts and fills, erosion control, surface and subsurface drainage, and foundation and retaining wall design shall conform to the recommendations of the geotechnical consultant. Specifically, this would include the use of maximum 2:1 (horizontal to vertical) ratio cut and fill slopes. Cut and fill slopes in the Sweetwater Formation shaH not exceed 30 feet in height; those in the Otay Formation shaH not exceed 50 feet for fill slopes. These measures shall be implemented in accordance with the City's requirements for landform grading. · Settlement monuments shaH be established throughout areas underlain by compressible materials, especially where construction will take place over debris flows. The monuments shall be monitored for vertical movements until significant movement has ceased. · A geotechnical investigation supplementing the 1986 preliminary soils and geotechnical investigation shall be prepared prior to approval of the project Tentative Map. Supplemental geotechnical studies shaH be conducted both prior to and during grading activities, and shaH analyze such issues as the site-specific placement of structures and sub-surface drainage facilities. The report shall consider seismic impacts on these facilities and shall made recommendations pertaining to seismic 48 impacts. These recommendations shall be incorporated into final project design. * * * * Significallt Effect: Expansive soils are present at the site. These soils could potentially result in significant impacts to stfllctures, building foundations, underground utilities and roads. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final ElR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate potential impacts associated with the presence of expansive soils to below a level of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: . Clayey subsoils shall be excavated and, if used in fills, be placed at least three feet below the proposed finish pad grade and at least 12 inches below street subgrade. . Foundation for single- or two-story structures located entirely in very low to low expansion natural ground, or entirely in fill soils that do not vary more than 20 feet in depth at any point beneath the structure shall be at least 12 inches in width and extend at least 12 inches below lowest adjacent pad grade. Recommendations for foundations constructed in fill soils having a differential thickness greater than 20 feet shall be evaluated separately for each structure. . If complete removal of expansive soils is impractical, measures recommended by a qualified geotechnical consultant to control such soils shall be used. Such measures may include moisture control or addition of chemical stabilizers. . Structural design that incorporates deep footings and reinforced floor slabs shall be used. . The supplemental geotechnical investigation shall consider expansive- soil impacts and shall make recommendations pertaining to such impacts. These recommendations shall be incorporated into final project design. * * * * Significant Effect: Grading activities, vegetation removal and generating cut-and-fill slopes would increase the potential for erosion at the project site. Potentia] erosion impacts 49 include damage to cut-and-fill slopes, exposure of underground facilities or foundations, and increased siltation downstream from stormwater runoff. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate potential impacts associated with erosion to below a level of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: . Clayey subsoils shall be excavated and, if used in fills, be placed at least 3 feet below the proposed finish pad grade and at least 12 inches below street subgradde. . Foundations for single- or two-story structures shall be located entirely in very low to low expansive natural ground or entirely in fill soils that do not vary more than 20 feet in depth at any point beneath the structure should be at least 12 inches in width and extend at lest 12 inches below lowest adjacent pad grade. Recommendations for foundations constructed in fill soils having a differential thickness greater than 20 feet shall be evaluated separately for each structure. (Geocon) . Applicant shall use measures recommended by a qualified geotechnical consultant to control expansive soils where complete removal would be impractical. Such measures would include moisture control or addition of chemical stabilizers. . Applicant shall incorporate structural designs that include deep footings and reinforced floor slabs. . AIl grading and site preparation shall be performed in accordance with the "Recommended Grading Specifications" contained in Appendix C of the Geocon Report (1986) and the City of Chula Vista Grading Ordinance. (Geocon) · It is recommended that a preconstruction conference be held at the site with the owner or developer, contractor, civil engineer, and soil engineer in attendance, to discuss special soil handling and/or grading plans. (Geocon) · It is recommended that the outer zone of fill slopes equal to at least 15 feet or the height of the slope, whichever is less, be composed of well compacted granular material. All fill slopes should be backrolled at maximum 4-foot fill height intervals during construction and each fill slope should be track-walked upon completion. (Geocon) 50 . Applicant shall use erosion-controlling and slope stabilization measures both during and after completion of construction activities. These may include methods such as revegetation, detention structures, retaining walls, temporary slopes or buttressing, brow ditches, and work restrictions during inclement weather. . Applicant shall designate material disposal methods, locations and haul routes, and coordinate with and obtain approval by appropriate regulatory agencies. . Applicant shall treat compacted areas (e.g., scarification) to facilitate revegetation and reduce erosion potential. . Proposed project design, grading, and construction activities shall conform to all pertinent standards of the County of San Diego General Plan, Grading Ordinance, and all other applicable guidelines. . The supplemental geotechnical investigation shall consider erosion impacts and shall make recommendations pertaining to such impacts. These recommendations shall be incorporated into final project design. * * * * Significant Effect: The project results in potentially significant impacts regarding compaction and settlement of soil, reactive soils, shallow bedrock, and groundwater seepage. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate potential impacts associated with erosion to below a level of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: . These mitigation measures are listed on pages 3.5-21 through 3.5-25 of the Draft EIR and are incorporated by this reference. G. HYDROLOGY Significant Effect: Development of the project site would create large impervious surfaces such as roads, walkways, buildings, and parking lots. Runoff would occur more rapidly, and the peak runoff discharge from the site would be higher for a given rainfall event than under the present undeveloped conditions. Basin headwater areas tend to possess slope and channel gradients steeper than those in downgradient areas, and therefore, increases in overall impervious cover results in larger, more frequent, and higher velocity discharges into downstream channels. Detrimental 51 consequences could include increased peak discharges, possible flooding, and possible scour of the minor and major drainage ways downstream of the development. The northern half of the northern portion of the project is in a watershed that drains into Sweetwater Reservoir. The project may affect the quantity and quality of stormwater runoff into the reservoir. Because Sweetwater Reservoir is a storage facility for drinking water supplies, the project raises particular concerns in that it may affect water quality within the reservoir. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. Upon implementation, these measures will reduce the hydrology impacts to below a level of significance: . A detailed drainage report and plan shall be prepared for the entire project prior to SPA Plan approval. In the event that a SPA Plan for the southern portion only is being considered, such plan for the northern portion of the project will not be required. . The detailed drainage report and plan shall contain the following design components and hydrological data: . The project's urban stormwater runoff system shall be designed to convey runoff away from developed areas. . The design shall route runoff from the contributing sub- basins in such a way as to avoid compounding peak discharges. . The design shall ensure that any increase in stormwater flow velocity will not result in channel scour in natural or earthen channels (e.g., by routung runoff to man-made retention ponds located within major drainage ways and then, following the storm event, releasing the retained water at a controlled rate). . The design shall provide for sediment control, to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. . The detailed drainage report and plan shall be subject to the approval of the City Engineer. 52 . All stormwater runoff facilities shall be designed in accordance with the criteria set forth in the Subdivision Manual or as determined by the City Engineer. . The project shall comply with all applicable regulations promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EP A) as set forth in the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit requirements for urban runoff and stormwater discharge, along with any applicable regulations adopted by the City. · The developer shall obtain an NPDES construction permit from the California State Water Resources Control Board and to submit pollutant control and monitoring plans to the Regional Water Quality Control Board for approval prior to the issuance of grading permits. H. WATER QUALITY Significant Effect: The project would generate substantial increases in surface runoff due to increases in impervious surfaces, and could cause significant flooding and scouring downstream. Water quality in the Sweetwater Reservoir may be compromised by urban runoff from the project site. Findings: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. Upon implementation, these measures will reduce the water quality impacts to below a level of significance: . The project is subject to review and approval by the California Environmental Protection Agency (formerly State Department of Health Services). The project shall implement mitigation measures as set by Cal-EPA · Prior to or concurrent with SPA Plan approval, the applicant shall obtain approval from the Sweetwater Authority and the Cal-EPA for a diversion ditch plan, or other acceptable plan, to handle drainage that might impact the Sweetwater Reservoir. Said plan shall satisfy the Authority's standards for preservation of water quality in the Sweetwater Reservoir. · The project applicant shall submit to the City an erosion control plan prepared by a registered civil engineer in accordance with City of Chula Vista design standards. The City Engineer shall approve the plan prior to issuance of grading permits. The plan shall include 53 placement of sandbags, temporary sediment basins and an erosion control maintenance plan. . The Board of Directors of the Sweetwater Authority shall approve and implement the stormwater protection plan which is now in the planning process before that agency. Approval of these plans for these facilities, including erosion control facilities, shall occur prior to issuance of a grading permit. The runoff protection system shall be in place and fully operational before construction for Rancho San Miguel within the Sweetwater Reservoir watershed commences. . A maintenance district shall be formed and financed by the Sweetwater Authority to ensure perpetual maintenance of the runoff protection facilities whether within the City of Chula Vista or within the County (Reynolds 1991). . As part of the applicant's SPA Plan, the applicant shall prepare and submit a water quality report addressing drainage from the northern and southern portions of the development and from diverted drainage from the runoff protection system in the north. The report shall address proposed plans to reduce potential water quality degradation of downstream tributaries. This issue shall be evaluated further at the SPA Plan level. I. TRAFFIC Significant Effect: The proposed project does not identify the functional classifications of roads that are to be constructed to serve the project. Since these roads are not included in the final General Plan Circulation Element, their functional classification has not been determined, which is considered to be a significant impact. Findings: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: To reduce traffic impacts to below a level of significance, the following mitigation measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: · The proposed San Miguel Ranch Road shall be designated as a Four- Lane Major Street between East H Street and SR 125 and a Four- Lane Class I between SR 125 and Bonita Road. · The proposed north entry road leading to the northern portion of the site from San Miguel Ranch road shall be designated as a Two-Lane Class II collector. 54 J. AIR QUALITY Significant Effect: Short-term pollutant emissions will occur during the construction phase of the project. The air quality impacts are considered significant short-term impacts. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: To reduce short-term pollutant emissions to below a level of significance, the following mitigation measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented during the construction phase of the project: . Heavy-duty construction equipment with modified combustion/fuel injection systems for emissions control shall be utilized during grading and construction. . Disturbed areas shall be hydroseeded, landscaped, or developed as soon as possible and as directed by the City to reduce dust generation. . Trucks hauling fill material shall be covered. . A 20 mile-per-hour speed limit shall be enforced on unpaved surfaces. . To control dust raised by grading activities, the graded area shall be watered twice a day, unless the county's current state of limited water supplies still exists at the time of construction. In this case other mitigation measures shall be considered and implemented upon City approval. Such measures may include minimizing grading by designing development to follow natural topography, phasing grading so relatively smaller areas are exposed, and revegetating graded areas as rapidly as possible. * * * * Significant Effect: Residential fireplace emissions from the project will emit criteria air pollutants. Finding: San Diego County currently exceeds ambient air quality standards for a number of criteria air pollutants. Residential fireplace emissions from the project will exacerbate the violation of these standards. This is true because development of the project area was not factored into the air quality projections contained in the 1982 State Implementation Plan (SIP) or the 1991 Draft Regional Air Quality Standard (RAQS), and neither the SIP nor the RAQS demonstrate attainment with air quality standards. The mitigation measures described below will not reduce residential fireplace emissions to the point where there is no net increase in ambient air pollutant concentrations. Although the 55 mitigation measures noted below would minimize the impacts on air quality, these impacts would remain significant. Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines, there are no feasibJe measures that would mitigate the impacts to below a level of significance. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that this impact is acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate potential impacts associated with fireplace emissions, but not to below a level of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: . Fireplaces or other wood-burning appliances shall adhere to emissions standards adopted by the County, the State, the San Diego APCD, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. * * * * Significant Effect: Residential water-heater and furnace emissions from the project will emit criteria air pollutants. Finding: San Diego County currently exceeds ambient air quality standards for a number of criteria air pollutants. Emissions from residential water heaters and furnaces within the project will exacerbate the violation of these standards. This is true because development of the project area was not factored into the air quality projections contained in the 1982 SIP or the 1991 Draft RAQS, and neither the SIP nor the RAQS demonstrate attainment with air quality standards. The mitigation measures described below will not reduce residential water-heater and furnace emissions to the point where there is no net increase in ambient air pollutant concentrations. Although the mitigation measures noted below would minimize the impacts on air quality, these impacts would remain significant. Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines, there are no feasible measures that would mitigate the impacts to below a level of significance. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that this impact is acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate potential impacts associated with residential water- heater and furnace emissions, but not to below a level of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: . The following methods shall be incorporated into development design to reduce ROG, NOx and PMI0 emissions: . All residential units shall use solar energy with back-up low NOx water heaters. . Low-NOx commercial-size water heaters shall be installed in all the larger onsite facilities. 56 . Residential and larger facility gas-fired furnaces shall be outfitted with heat transfer modules providing a 70 percent reduction in NOx emissions. . The landscape design shall incorporate low natural hydrocarbon (NHC) producing plant species (also requiring little water), such as cape myrtle and Chinese elm. . To reduce air pollutant emissions from the proposed Rancho San Miguel development, natural gas water heaters installed at residential units could be equipped with solar collectors such as flat plate solar panels. . Solar systems normally can provide sufficient water heating capacity during the sunny seasons. Natural gas-fired water heaters would continue to be used to supplement the solar component. On a yearly basis, solar energy could provide abut 52 percent of the energy needed for a given water heating system (SCAQMD 1989) and thus effectively reduce total annual pollutant emissions from water heaters by 52 percent. . There are four basic tactics for the mitigation of air quality presented as part of San Diego's attainment plans (APCD 1986): traffic flow improvements, ridesharing, bicycling, and mass transit. Of the four, the project, as proposed, incorporates bicycling and traffic flow improvements as detailed in the City of Chula Vista Transportation Phasing Plan (TPP). The following additional mitigation measures shall be implemented to reduce vehicular emissions impacts: . A ridesharing program shall be implemented within the project. . Funding shall be provided by the project to subsidize increased bus service in the vicinity of the proposed project. . Bicycle paths shall be included along roads as means of alternate transportation. . In accordance with the Growth Management Program adopted by the City of Chula Vista on April 23, 1991 (Resolution No. 16101), an Air Quality Improvement Plan shall be prepared by the project applicant at the SPA Plan level. * * * * Significant Effect: Vehicular emissions associated with the Project will represent approximately one-half percent of the total vehicular air pollutant emissions burden in the San Diego Air Basin. 57 Finding: San Diego County currently exceeds ambient air quality standards for a number of criteria air pollutants. Vehicular emissions generated by the project will exacerbate the violation of these standards. This is true because development of the project area was not factored into the air quality projections contained in the 1982 SEP or the 1991 Draft RAQS, and neither the SIP nor the RAQS demonstrate attainment with air quality standards. The mitigation measures described below will not reduce vehicular emissions to the point where there is no net increase in ambient air pollutant concentrations. Although the mitigation measures noted below would minimize the impacts on air quality, these impacts would remain significant. Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(3) ofthe CEQA Guidelines, there are no feasible measures that would mitigate the impacts to below a level of significance. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that this impact is acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate potential impacts associated with vehicular emissions, but not to below a level of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: · The project applicant shall prepare an Air Quality Improvement Plan (AQIP) that: . provides an analysis of air pollution impacts that would result from the project, . demonstrates the best available design to reduce vehicle trips, maintain or improve traffic flow, reduce vehicle miles travelled, · includes implementation of appropriate traffic control measures and other direct or indirect means of reducing emissions, and . establishes a monitoring program. . The AQIP shall be subject to: . review and comment by the Resource Conservation Commission, . review and comment by the Planning Commission, . approval by the City Engineer, and . approval and adoption by the City Council. The applicant shall obtain these approvals prior to approval of the SPA Plan. . A ride sharing program shall be implemented within the project. 58 . The applicant shall provide funding to subsidize increased bus service in the vicinity of the project. . The project shall incorporate bicycle lanes along designated roads within the project. · The project shall incorporate all feasible, relevant and appropriate mitigation measures developed in the RAQS. K. NOISE Significant Effect: Significant impacts would occur since noise levels in many areas in the southern portion of the development, as designed, would exceed 65 dBA Ldn standard due to traffic noise along future State Route 125 and several major roads proposed within the development. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approvaL Upon implementation, these measures will reduce the noise related impacts to below a level of significance: · The applicant shall construct, or cause to be constructed, noise walls or wall/berm combinations on the top of slopes adjacent to East H Street, San Miguel Ranch Road and proposed State Route 125. · The noise walls shall be of solid masonry construction with a material weight of at least 3.5 pounds per square foot and which would not allow any air space along their entire length. · Each noise wall or wall/berm combination shall be placed on the building pads at the top of the slope between the residences and the adjacent impacting roadway. The required wall or wall/berm combination height ranges from 8-10 feet for residences adjacent to Route 125 or East H Street; and from 5 to 6 feet for residences adjacent to San Miguel Ranch Road. Because City regulations do not permit walls over 6 feet in height, only the wall/berm combination would be acceptable unless a project redesign is implemented. · The visual impacts of the walls/berm combination to reduce noise effects will be evaluated at the SPA Plan level, when actual dimensions and design plans for the wall/berms will be available, as related to impacts on San Miguel Ranch Road and East H Street. Impacts on the development due to proposed SR 125 will be studied as part of the 59 EIR for whichever is built later in time, the Rancho San Miguel project or the proposed SR 125. L. PUBLIC SERVICES AND UTILITIES 1. WATER Significant Effect: The location of water facilities required to serve the project has not yet been determined. Findings: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approvaL Upon implementation, these measures will reduce the water-related impacts to below a level of significance: . Prior to SPA Plan approval, a Water Master Plan shall be prepared and approved by the City Engineer. This plan shall delineate, at a more detailed level, the recommendations of the Nolte and Associates 1990 Preliminary Water Concept Plan for Rancho San Miguel. The Water Master Plan shall identify the location and sizing of specific facilities and implementation/phasing of the plan. The impacts related to the final placement of the water facilities shall be evaluated at the SPA level, including impacts to biological resources, archaeological resources and visual quality. . Prior to SPA Plan approval, the applicant shall obtain agreement from the Sweetwater Authority to annex and then obtain agreement from Otay Water District to deannex. * * * * Significant Effect: Water consumption within the development will require implementation of water conservation strategies. Findings: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. Upon implementation, these measures will reduce the water-related impacts to below a level of significance: . In accordance with Ordinance No. 2448, the project applicant shall prepare a Water Conservation Plan to be submitted with the SPA Plan 60 for approval by the City. This plan shall provide an analysis of water usage requirements of the proposed project, as well as a detailed plan of proposed measures for water conservation, use of reclaimed water, other means of reducing per capita water consumption from the proposed project, and define a program to monitor compliance. This plan shall be reviewed by the Resource Conservation Commission and Planning Commission, prior to final review and adoption by the City Council (Growth Management Program) City of Chula Vista, April 23, 1991, Resolution No. 16101. . Reclaimed water shall be used wherever feasible, as planned. The project applicant shall begin negotiations with the Otay Water District to ensure distribution of reclaimed water to the site. . Water conservation measures for onsite landscaping and roadside maintenance shall include, but not be limited to planting of drought tolerant vegetation and the use of irrigation systems which minimize runoff and evaporation loss. . Low-flush toilets and low-flow showers and faucets shall be installed. . Hot water lines in water recirculating systems shall be insulated (California Energy Commission). 2. SEWAGE Significant Effect: There is a physical limitation to the offsite transport of Rancho San Miguel's wastewater. The Frisbie Street trunk sewer between Corral Canyon Road and Bonita Road may not have the capacity to handle the additional Rancho San Miguel sewage flow. Otay Water District ("OWD") staff have met with San Diego County and Chula Vista staff to discus capacity in the Frisbie Street trunk sewer and concepts to free capacity for development while maintaining OWD's ability to discharge 1.2 mgd. OWD has acknowledged Rancho San Miguel's right to 1.5 mgd capacity in the Frisbie Street trunk line based on existing agreements. Impacts associated with offsite transport of Rancho San Miguel wastewater are considered to be significant. Findings: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. Upon implementation, these measures will reduce the sewage impacts to below a level of significance: . Prior to SPA Plan approval, a Wastewater Master Plan ("WMP") shall be prepared subject to approval by the City Engineer. The WMP shall 61 accomplish the standards set forth in the Nolte and Associates 1990 Preliminary Sewer Concept Plan for Rancho San Miguel. The WMP shall identify the location and sizing of onsite and offsite sewage facilities, implementation/phasing, and funding. The WMP shall discuss potential impacts to the Sweetwater Reservoir in the event of a break in the sewerline or sewage spill in the portion of the project within the Sweetwater drainage basin. The impacts related to the final placement of the sewerage facilities shall be evaluated at the SPA level including impacts to biological resources, archaeological resources, visual quality, and water quality. This should include final locations of both onsite and offsite facilities. Sewer system design shall be approved by the City's Engineering Department at SPA level. . An actual sewer flow measurement or a study to accurately estimate existing wastewater flows in the Frisbie Street trunk sewer shall be conducted before project flows can enter the system. Metering of the Frisbie Street trunk sewer shall be performed by the applicant. · The project shall be subject to payment of wastewater development fees (to fund trunk sewer and other upgrades) or equivalent proportionate facility financing mechanism necessary to provide service to this project as identified by the City, when adopted. Payment shall occur prior to issuance of building permits or earlier. 3. POLICE PROTECTION Significant Effect: The project would require the addition of three new officers and five additional support staff to the police force. Findings: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. Upon implementation, these measures will reduce the public service-related impacts to below a level of significance: · The project applicant shall be responsible for fronting the necessary funds to enable the City to purchase the requisite equipment for the new police officers and support staff. If required to finance this equipment, the project applicant will be entitled to credit against all or a portion of the Public Facilities Development Impact Fees for Police Services. 62 4. FIRE PROTECTION Significallt Effect: The Chula Vista Fire Department ("CVFD") and the Bonita/Sunnyside Fire Protection District ("BSF") would be responsible for fire protection and inspection services in the project area. Development of the project in an area that is presently almost entirely undeveloped would place new service demands on the CVFD and the BSF. The CVFD is currently considering establishing a permanent fire station that would serve the project. Several scenarios for the location of the station are proposed and analyzed. Fire service response times would be inadequate for the northern portion of the site under several scenarios. Constraints to fire protection in the northern portion include the negative impacts associated with the provision of only one access road to serve the entire 1,852-acre northern portion, limited maneuverability for fire trucks once in the northern portion, slowing down to access gated communities and steep roads. In addition, fire protection for the proposed conference and interpretive centers cannot be determined without more detailed information on these facilities. The danger of brush fires represents potentially significant fire hazard impacts to dwellings that are located near hillsides. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. Upon implementation, these measures will reduce the public service-related impacts to below a level of significance: . Impacts related to the proposed conference and interpretive centers cannot be mitigated without more detailed information regarding usage and sizing of the facilities. These impacts shall be fully analyzed at the SPA Plan review level. . The project applicant shall provide a second access road to the northern portion if the new fire station is located in EastLake I (Chase 1991) unless the Chula Vista Fire Department determines that the second access road is not required for provision of adequate fire and emergency medical service. . Fire sprinklers shall be installed in all buildings and residences in the northern portion of the site (Gove 1991). . A control system shall be installed that utilizes a special light on the fire truck to open gates for the gated communities electronically (Yokley 1991). . The applicant shall be required to provide a brush rig for the Chula Vista fire department, in accordance with the Public Facilities DIF - 63 Fire Suppression System. The brush rig should be on-hand prior to any building permit being issued by the City for the northern portion of the project. For providing the brush rig, the developer shall be entitled to a credit against all or a portion of their share of the Public Facilities Development Impact Fee related to the fire suppression system and/or a repayment from future DIF fees collected by the City (Chase 1991). . The project shall implement an acceptable brush management plan, as proposed by the applicant. Impacts of the plan shall be evaluated at the SPA level. 5. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES (EMS) PROTECTION Significant Effect: EMS response times would be greater than city standards in the northern portion of the site. Findings: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. Upon implementation, these measures will reduce the public service-related impacts to below a level of significance: . Provide a second access road to the northern portion that enables emergency medical technicians to reach the required number of units within 10 minutes. 6. SCHOOLS Significant Effect: The project would bring approximately 496 additional elementary school students to the district. An elementary school is proposed by the project; however, financing for this facility has not been determined. Although a high school serving the project will be sited at Otay Ranch, funding has not been arranged. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. Upon implementation, these measures will reduce the public service-related impact to below a level of significance: . As required by state law, the developer must pay school fees of $1.58 per square foot of habitable space for residential development and $0.26 per square foot of commercial development (Heydt 1990). 64 Payment of deveJopment fees would not be adequate to fuHy mitigate the impacts to elementary and high schools in the area. . Prior to SPA Plan approval, the project applicant shall provide documentation from the Chula Vista City School District ("CVCSD") that the proposed elementary school site location is acceptable to the district Funding for the school shall be in compliance with CVCSD procedures and shaH involve the Mello-Roos Community Facilities District financing method or other financing mechanisms acceptable to CVCSD. . Prior to SPA Plan approval, the project applicant shall provide documentation to the City confirming satisfaction of SUHSD facility funding requirements to offset student generation impacts. Funding would be satisfied through the Mello Roos Community Facilities District financing method or other means acceptable to the Sweetwater Union High School District ("SUHSD"). · Prior to issuance of any building permits for Rancho San Miguel, the project applicant shall obtain written verification from CVCSD and SUHSD that adequate school facilities and associated financing will be provided for students generated from the project. L. PARKS, RECREATION, AND OPEN SPACE Significant Effect: The project proposes an integrated hiking and equestrian trail system that connects to the County's regional system. The system would provide access into areas designated as open space that contain sensitive biological resources, creating significant biological impacts. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. Upon implementation, these measures will reduce the impacts to below a level of significance: . The trail system layout and site specific designs shall be prepared in coordination with the City's Park and Recreation Department and the Environmental Coordinator. The location of trails within power transmission easements is discouraged by the City's Parks and Recreation Department. This issue will be further analyzed at the SPA Plan level at which time the potential impacts will be re-evaluated. 65 . The trail system shall be managed and policed in a manner that will be consistent with the objective of protecting the habitat and associated plant and animal species from harm. . A list of rules regarding proper trail use shall be posted at the interpretative center and also at strategic locations along the trail system. . Dog-owners shall not be allowed to bring their pets onto any trails within the trail system that occur in open space areas, on or off leash. . Use of the open space area shall be limited to designated trails. . Collecting or molesting natural resources (e.g. Horned lizards, cactus, flowers) shall be prohibited. . Open fires, smoking, and weapons shall not be allowed in the open space areas and trail system. . Mountain bikes shall be prohibited, due to the extreme sensitivity and regional value of the biological resources in the areas traversed by the trail, and because mountain biking often generates off trail impacts. . Certain portions of the trail system that traverse sensitive habitat shall be subject to periodic closure to help protect wildlife and allow recovery of the habitat. . The portion of the trail system that crosses the most eastern areas of the SDG&E property shall be rerouted as far east as is feasible (possibly utilizing an existing jeep trail) to avoid a Golden Eagle perching site located in the area. . Areas the trails access shall be periodically to ascertain damage from overuse. If it is determined that an area is being degraded the associated trail shall be closed periodically to allow for recovery from use. . All trails shall be constructed to prevent the channeling of urban runoff into the surrounding open space and Sweetwater Reservoir, to the extent feasible. * * * * Significant Effect: Portions of the trail system are in SDG&E power transmission easements, which has limited acceptability to the City's Parks and Recreation Department. 66 Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. Upon implementation, these measures will reduce the impacts to below a level of significance: . The trail system should be located outside of power transmission line easements, to the extent feasible, and in no event will any active uses be allowed within the transmission line easements. However, the issue shall be further analyzed at the SPA Plan level, when more specific development plans can be reviewed. * * * * Significant Effect: The location of staging areas for hiking and equestrian activities have not been finalized. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines, there are no feasible measures that would mitigate the impact below a level of significance until more specific development plans are prepared and analyzed at the SPA Plan level. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that this impact is acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. * * * * Significant Effect: Development of the unpaved portion of the trail system could result in soil erosion and resulting water quality impacts. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines, there are no feasible measures that would mitigate the impact below a level of significance until more specific development plans are prepared and analyzed at the SPA Plan level. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that this impact is acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. Mitigation Measures: The following mitigation measures are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval. Upon implementation, these measures will reduce the impacts to below a level of significance: . The trail system should be located outside of power transmission line easements, to the extent feasible, and in no event will any active uses be allowed within the transmission line easements. However, the issue shall be further analyzed at the SPA Plan level, when more specific development plans can be reviewed. * * . . 67 IX. SIGNIFICANT CUMULATIVE IMPACTS Cumulative impacts are those which "are considered when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, the effects of other current projects, and the effects of probable future projects." (Public Resources Code ~21082.2b). Several development proposals have been submitted for consideration or have been recently approved by the City of Chula Vista in proximity to Rancho San Miguel. These "current or probable future" development proposals would affect many of the same natural resources and public infrastructure as Rancho San Miguel. Several potentially significant cumulative impacts are associated with development of Rancho San Miguel in conjunction with these surrounding development projects. The proposed project along with the other related projects will result in the following irreversible environmental changes: Land Use/Conversion of Open Space, Landform/Visual Quality, Biology, Archaelogy, Air Quality and Nonrenewable Energy Resources. These significant cumulative impacts are discussed in the Supplement to Draft EIR 90-02, at pages 10-1 through 10-14. Certain of the above cumulative impacts cannot be substantially lessened or avoided. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that these cumulative impacts have been reduced to an acceptable level when balanced against specific overriding considerations. The sub-sections, below, define each of the above-described cumulative impact issues, setting forth either the reasons why they are significant and unavoidable, the mitigation measures adopted to substantially lessen or avoid them, or the reasons why proposed mitigation measures are infeasible due to specific, economic, social or other considerations. A. LAND USF,tCONVERSION OF OPEN SPACE Significant Effect: Development of the project as revised would contribute to an incremental increase in the area's conversion of open space to urban land uses. The City's General Plan designates the proposed project as a developable area. Incorporation of permanent natural open space into the project design would offset some of the impacts related to conversion of open space to urban uses. Despite these general mitigation measures, the project would contribute to a significant, unmitigated cumulative land use impact. Findings: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(3), there are no feasible measures that would mitigate this cumulative impact to below a level of significance. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that these impacts are acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. 68 B. LANDFORM/VISUAL QUALITY Significant Effect: The development, in combination with various development projects in the area, would unavoidably contribute to a significant cumulative effect on the existing natural landform and the area's visual quality. Finding: Although the mitigation measures noted below would minimize cumulative impacts to landforms, these impacts would remain cumulatively significant. Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines, there are no feasible measures that would mitigate the impacts to below a level of significance. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that these impacts are acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. Mitigation Measures: General mitigation measures being incorporated into this project and other development projects in the area would serve to offset some of the identified landform/visual quality impacts. These mitigation measures include a review of grading plans by a licensed civil engineer, adherence to city grading ordinances and hillside development guidelines, contour grading, slope revegetation and restrictive grading to the building pad. C. BIOLOGY Significant Effect: The development would contribute to a significant incremental cumulative loss of quality biology habitat in the region. Finding: Despite mitigation measures taken to preserve biological resources in this project and in other related development projects, the impact of this project and other development projects on sensitive species and habitat is cumulative and significant. Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines, there are no other feasible measures that would mitigate this cumulative impact to below a level of significance. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that these impacts are acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. Mitigation Measures: Revegetation efforts, onsite and offsite re-creation of habitats and offsite habitat preservation programs partially mitigate the identified cumulative impact to biological resources. D. ARCHAEOLOGY Significant Effect: The development, in combination with the various development projects in the area, would unavoidably contribute to a significant cumulative adverse effect on existing cultural resources through grading, excavation and construction activities, and expose unprotected sites in open space areas to degradation due to increased human recreational activity. Finding: Despite implementation of the mitigation measures listed below, this project, together with other approved or probable projects, will have a significant cumulative effect upon cultural resources. Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(3) of the CEQA Guidelines, there 69 are no other feasible measures that would mitigate this cumulative impact to below a level of significance. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that these impacts are acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. Mitigation Measures: Mitigation measures adopted for this and other projects include monitoring grading activities by qualified archaeologists and paleontologists, protective easements around areas of regional archaeological/historical importance and/or data recovery programs at sites which will be affected by development-related construction or recreation activities. E. WATER SUPPLY Signifkant Effect: The development would contribute to an incremental significant cumulative impact on the region's limited water supply, as would any development on the site. Development along the Sweetwater River could also cumulatively impact recreational uses of the waterway and have an adverse affect on native plants that are part of the sensitive estuary system at the mouth of the river. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guideliens, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project that will substantially lessen the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Impacts to water supplies will, however, remain cumulatively significant. Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15091(a)(3), there are no feasible measures that would mitigate these impacts to below a level of significance. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that these impacts are acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate potential cumulative impacts to water supplies, but not to below a level of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: . The project-specific mitigation measures related to water supply shall be implemented. F. AIR QUALI1Y Significant Effect: The development would contribute to an unmitigated cumulative air quality impact on regional air quality because the proposed development was not considered when the regional air quality attainment plans were formulated for the 1982 SIP revisions for San Diego region. This conclusion also applies to any of the project alternatives (other than the no project alternative). The updated SIP will include the proposed project. Project emissions in NOx, reactive organic gases (ROG) and PMlO from vehicular and stationary sources (including fireplaces and water heaters) will add to existing 70 exceedances of state and federal ambient air quality standards. Because San Diego currently exceeds air quality standards for several pollutants, any additional emissions will contribute to San Diego's inability to meet these standards. Therefore, these air quality impacts are considered to be cumulatively significant. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project that will substantially lessen the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Impacts to air quality will, however, remain cumulatively significant. Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15091(a)(3), there are no feasible measures that would mitigate these impacts to below a level of significance. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that these impacts are acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate potential cumulative impacts to air quality, but not to below a level of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: . The following methods shall be incorporated into development design to reduce ROG, NOx and PMI0 emissions: . All residential units shall use solar energy with back-up low NOx water heaters. . Low-NOx commercial-size water heaters and solar panels shall be installed in all the larger onsite facilities. . Residential and larger facility gas-fired furnaces shall be outfitted with heat transfer modules providing a 70 percent reduction in NOx emissions. . The landscape design shall incorporate in the landscape design low natural hydrocarbon (NHC) producing plant species (also requiririg little water), such as cape myrtle and Chinese elm. . To reduce air pollutant emissions from the proposed Rancho San Miguel development, natural gas water heaters installed at residential units shall be equipped with solar collectors such as flat plate solar panels. . Solar systems normally can provide sufficient water heating capacity during the sunny seasons. Natural gas-fired water heaters would continue to be used to supplement the solar component. On a yearly basis, solar energy could provide abut 52 percent of the energy needed for a given water heating system (SCAQMD 1989) and thus effectively reduce total annual pollutant emissions from water heaters by 52 percent. 71 . There are four basic tactics for the mitigation of air quality presented as part of San Diego's attainment plans (APCD 1986): traffic flow improvements, ridesharing, bicycling, and mass transit. Of the four, the project, as proposed, incorporates bicycling and traffic flow improvements as detailed in the City of Chula Vista Transportation Phasing Plan (TPP). The following additional mitigation measures shall be implemented to reduce vehicular emissions impacts: . A ride sharing program shall be implemented within the project. . Funding shall be provided by the project to subsidize increased bus service in the vicinity of the proposed project. . Bicycle paths shall be included along roads as means of alternate transportation. . In accordance with the Growth Management Program adopted by the City of Chula Vista on April 23, 1991 (Resolution No. 16101), an Air Quality Improvement Plan shall be prepared by the project applicant at the SPA Plan level. G. NONRENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES Significant Effect: The development would contribute to a significant cumulative increase in the demand for nonrenewable energy resources. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(3), there are no feasible measures that would mitigate this cumulative impact to below a level of significance. As described in the Statement of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that these impacts are acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. H. HYDROLOGY Significant Effect: The project, together with other planned or approved projects in the area, will replace undeveloped land with impervious surfaces, thereby increasing the quantity and velocity of runoff and raising the risk of flooding and erosion. It will cumulatively reduce the rate of groundwater recharge. Finally, it will have cumulative effects on the quality of stormwater runoff. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate potential cumulative impacts associated with hydrology to below a level of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: 72 . A hydrologic analysis of the project shall be performed and a plan shall be prepared, as detailed above in connection with project-specific hydrological impacts. . Erosion control plans, diversion ditch plans and storm drain plans shall be developed for the project. . All project plans pertaining to hydrology shall be reviewed and approved by a licensed civil engineer. . The project shall be subject to and comply with all applicable requirements set forth in a Sweetwater Authority Urban Runoff Protection System. * * * * I. WATER QUALITY Significant Effect: Stormwa ter runoff from the project will be diverted to the Sweetwater River below the Sweetwater Reservoir. This runoff, together with runoff from other planned or approved projects in the area, could cumulatively degrade the quality of river water, which could in turn affect aquatic life. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate potential cumulative impacts associated with water quality to below a level of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: . The project-specific mitigation measures related to water quality shall be implemented, together with the measures relating to water quality for other approved or probable projects. * * * * J. TRANSPORTATION Significant Effect: The project, together with other planned or approved projects in the area, will result in an overall increase in traffic volumes in the City. Certain elements of the circulation system are projected to operate below acceptable levels due to this cumulative increase in traffic. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. 73 Mitigation Measures: To mitigate potential cumulative impacts associated with water quality to below a level of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: . The project-specific mitigation measures related to transporation shall be implemented, together with the measures relating to transportation for other approved or probable projects. . The issue of transportation will be considered further at the SPA Plan level, when more specific development plans are available for review. * * * * K. NOISE Significant Effect: The project, together with other planned or approved projects in the area, will result in an overall increase in noise, primarily due to cumulative increases in vehicular traffic. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate potential cumulative impacts associated with water quality to below a level of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: . The project-specific mitigation measures related to noise shall be implemented, together with the measures relating to noise for other approved or probable projects. . The noise-related issues will be considered further at the SPA Plan level, when more specific development plans are available for review. * * * * L. OPEN SPACE Significant Effect: The project, together with other planned or approved projects in the area, will contribute to a cumulatively significant conversion of existing open space to urban uses. Finding: Pursuant to Section 15091(a)(1) of the CEQA Guidelines, changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project which will avoid the significant environmental effect as identified in Final EIR 90-02. Impacts to open space will, however, remain cumulatively significant. Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15091( a )(3), there are no feasible measures that would mitigate the impact to below a level of 74 significance. As described in the State of Overriding Considerations, however, the City has determined that this impact is acceptable because of specific overriding considerations. Mitigation Measures: To mitigate potential cumulative impacts associated with conversion of open space to urban uses, but not to below a level of significance, the following measures, which are found to be feasible and are required as conditions of approval, shall be implemented: . Natural open space shall be incorporated into project design. . The applicant shall dedicate open-space easements to the City or county for those portions of the project designated for open space. * * * * X. FEASIBILITY OF ALTERNATIVES CEQA and the CEQA Guidelines require that an EIR include a description of a reasonable range of alternatives to the project, or to the location of the project, which could feasibly attain the basic objectives of the project. The EIR must also include an evaluation of the "no project" alternative. The discussion of alternatives must focus on alternatives "capable of eliminating any significant adverse environmental effects or reducing them to a level of insignificance." CEQA Guidelines, 14 CaI.CodeRegs. ~15126(d)(3). In addition, the CEQA Guidelines require that the EIR describe reasonable and feasible mitigation measures which could minimize significant adverse impacts. CEQA Guidelines, 14 CaI.CodeRegs. ~15126( c). In general, in preparing and adopting findings a lead agency need not necessarily address the feasibility of both mitigation measures and environmentally superior alternatives when contemplating the approval of a proposed project with significant unmitigated impacts. Where a significant impact can be mitigated to an acceptable (insignificant) level solely by the adoption of mitigation measures, the agency, in drafting its findings, has no obligation to consider the feasibility of environmentally superior alternatives, even if their impacts would be less severe than those of the proposed project as mitigated. Laurel Heights Improvement Association v. Regents of the University of California (1988) 47 Cal.3d 376; Laurel Hills Homeowners Association v. City Council (1978) 83 CaI.App.3d 515; see also, Kings County Fann Bureau v. City of Hanford (1990) 221 CaI.App.3d 692. Accordingly, for this project, in adopting the findings concerning project alternatives, the City considers only those environmental impacts that, for the proposed project, are significant and cannot be avoided or substantially lessened through mitigation. There is no requirement in CEQA that mandates the selection of an alternative that is environmentally superior in some respects, but perhaps not so, in others. Rather, CEQA allows the Lead Agency to exercise its discretion in this regard and to balance the positives and negatives of a proposed project. These findings contrast and compare the alternatives where appropriate in order to demonstrate that the selection of the project as revised, while 75 still resulting in significant environmental impacts, has substantial environmental and other benefits. In rejecting certain alternatives, the decisionmakers have examined the project objectives and weighed the ability of the various alternatives to meet the objectives. The decisionmakers believe that the project as revised best meets the project objectives with the least environmental impact. The objectives considered by the decisionmakers are: 1. Creation of a high-quality residential development consistent with the General Plan designation of Low Residential (0-3 du/ac) 2. Provision of a commercial center, community park and elementary school to serve the needs of Rancho San Miguel. 3. Implementation of significant elements of the City's General Plan as follows: . Preservation of open space corridors and extension of the greenbelt system proposed for the periphery of the city through the provision of approximately 1,648 acres of permanent open space as depicted in the General Plan; . Preservation of Mother Miguel Mountain which is designated as a significant landform by the City's General Plan; . Implement regional and local circulation needs by providing for the extension of future Highway 125 and surface street connection from East H Street to Bonita Road; . Provide necessary public utilities and services to the area including drainage, water, sewage, schools, police, fire, parks, open space and recreation; . Provide linkage to schools, parks and shopping centers through the use of bicycle and pedestrian trails as an alternative to the automobile. 4. Provision of a resort facility to serve the surrounding community and visitors to the area. Final EIR 90-02 examined a range of reasonable alternatives to the project to determine whether such alternatives could meet the project's objectives while avoiding or substantially lessening one or more of the project's significant, unavoidable impacts. These findings examine each alternative to determine feasibility. The term feasible is defined in the Guidelines as "capable of being accomplished in a successful manner within 76 a reasonable period of time taking into account economic, environmental, legal, social and technological factors." (CEQA Guidelines, 14 Cal.CodeRegs. ~15364). A. ALTERNATIVES 1. No Project Alternative The No Project Alternative assumes that no development would occur on the project site. The site would therefore remain undeveloped. The No Project Alternative was identified as an alternative which would avoid all of the significant unmitigated impacts of the proposed project. The No Project alternative is considered infeasible for the following reasons. The No Project Alternative is not consistent with the City's General Plan which designates the project area for future urban development, including residential, school, commercial and park uses. In addition, the alternative would not meet the objectives of the Eastern Territories Element of the Chula Vista General Plan, which call for the creation of a balanced community of residential, commercial, industrial and open space uses. The project is projected to have an overall positive fiscal impact on the City of Chula Vista. Operating revenues are projected to exceed operating costs over a ten year period. After build out, the project is projected to result in a positive fiscal benefit of $530,897 per year in current dollars. This positive fiscal benefit to the City would not be realized if the No Project alternative were adopted. In addition, this alternative would be inconsistent with the objectives of the project, which include the creation of high-quality residential development; provision of a commercial center, community park and elementary school to serve the needs of Rancho San Miguel; and implementation of significant elements of the City's General Plan, including preservation of open space corridors and extension of the City's greenbelt through the provision of approximately 1,648 acres of permanent natural open space (64% of the project site). 2. Horseshoe Bend Alternative This alternative preserves Horseshoe Bend, a U-shaped landform located in the western half of the southern portion of the project. The northern portion would remain the same as in the project as revised. This alternative would preserve approximately 35-40 acres more open space than the project as revised. This alternative would also reduce some of the landform/visual impacts as identified in Final EIR 90-02. This alternative is considered to be infeasible for the following reasons. Significant land use impacts would remain with this alternative. Certain impacts would increase such as incompatibility with neighboring areas, an increase in clustering, a reduction in lot sizes, and a residential character inconsistent with the Low Residential designation in the General Plan. Notwithstanding the increased preservation of Horseshoe Bend, the grading of Gobbler's Knob would remain a significant impact. Significant biological and air quality impacts would also remain. Even if preserved, Horseshoe Bend would create a barrier to the cohesion and continuity of the project as revised, since the landform essentially splits the southern portion. In addition, if Horseshoe Bend were preserved, San Miguel Ranch Road 77 would have to be moved from its optimal alignment. The alternative is also inconsistent with the project objectives. 3. The Coon Canyon Alternative This alternative preserves Coon Canyon, a major drainage course located in the northern portion that flows into Sweetwater Reservoir. The purpose of the Coon Canyon Alternative is to reduce biological impacts associated with the proposed project in the northern portion. This alternative would accommodate 1,606 units as opposed to the project's 1,619 units. The northern portion would contain approximately 276 dwelling units on 276 acres on the western slope of Mother Miguel Mountain. The proposed interpretative center, conference center and inn would not be included in this alternative. This alternative is considered infeasible for the following reasons. This alternative would create significant land use impacts due to proposed development of areas on the eastern side of the southern portion currently designated as open space. Visual impacts to the northern portion would be reduced by implementing this alternative; however, visual impacts in the southern portion would increase. This alternative would reduce impacts to two sensitive habitats, Diegan coastal sage scrub and wetlands, but increase impacts to non- native grassland habitat, although not considered sensitive. Impacts to Diegan coastal sage scrub and wetland habitat would also remain significant. This alternative would also increase direct impacts to five important archeological sites in the southern portion of the project. The alternative would reduce the positive fiscal benefits to be realized by the City because of the deletion of the conference center, inn and interpretative center. Under this alternative, all other aspects of the proposed project would remain generally the same, and the remaining significant impacts identified would still occur, or be exacerbated in the south. The alternative is also not consistent with the project objectives. 4. Biologically Sensitive Alternative The Biologically Sensitive Alternative substantially reduces the number of acres developed in the southern portion and eliminates all development in the northern portion in order to reduce many of the impacts to the biological resources associated with the project. This alternative would preserve 2,129 acres as open space as compared to 1,648 acres preserved under the project as revised Impacts to archaeological resources would be substantially reduced by this alternative. However, the number of units in the southern portion would increase from 1,166 to 1,600 units. This alternative would also substantially reduce the amount of runoff projected for the site compared to the project as revised. The Sweetwater Reservoir would not be impacted from urban runoff as a result of this alternative. The project would be more compact in design, allowing for more efficient circulation, particularly for pedestrian trips. This alternative would represent less of a demand on public services in the area since development would be concentrated in a smaller area, thus reducing the distance required to extend utilities. This alternative is considered infeasible for the following reasons. The increase in housing densities in the southern portion (from 1,166 to 1,600 units) is not consistent with the City's General Plan. This overall increase in density to 3.5 dwelling units per acre would 78 increase land use and compatibility issues under this alternative. In addition, a General Plan Amendment (GPA) would be required before this alternative could be adopted. Although a GP A is not considered infeasible, it is not part of the project at this time. Several impacts would be reduced by this alternative; however, some impacts would still remain significant. These impacts include landform/visual quality (significant because Horseshoe Bend and Gobbler's Knob would be extensively graded), biological resources (still significant mainly due to the presence of large concentrations of Otay Tarweed, a state endangered plant), cultural resources, geology/soils, hydrology and public services and utilities. All of the other impacts of this alternative are similar to the project as revised. Therefore, this alternative, while environmentally superior to the other design alternatives, does not eliminate the majority of the impacts that would occur with development on this site. The alternative would also reduce the positive fiscal benefits to be realized by the City because of the deletion of the conference center, inn and interpretative center. The alternative is also inconsistent with the project objectives. These project objectives include the establishment of a large-lot residential community in the northern portion of the site that integrates development with natural open space, and the provision of a conference center, inn and interpretative center in the northern portion of the project site to serve the surrounding community and visitors to the area. 5. South Only Development Alternative The South Only Development Alternative limits development of the project site to the southern portion only. The entire 1,852-acre northern portion would be preserved as open space. Development in the southern portion would be the same as for the proposed project, although the number of dwelling units would be increased. Impacts to water quality would be eliminated with this alternative since development would not occur in the northern portion, and the potential for contamination of the Sweetwater Reservoir would not occur. This alternative is considered infeasible for the following reasons. This alternative would still create significant land use impacts as identified in the EIR. Compatibility with surrounding land uses and consistency with the General Plan would be exacerbated with this alternative because of the increase in dwelling units. The landform/visual quality impacts identified in the EIR for the southern portion would be the same as for the proposed project. Horseshoe Bend and Gobbler's Knob would still be removed by mass grading which is a significant unmitigable impact. Visual impacts would still occur along the northern ridgeline of the southern portion adjacent to the SDG&E substation for a limited number of lots when the SDG&E facilities are expanded. Views along a small portion of East H Street would still be degraded by development along this scenic highway. These impacts are considered significant. All biological impacts identified in the EIR for the southern portion would still occur. Significant impacts to cultural resources, geology/soils, air quality, and other identified impacts would be reduced but not to a level of insignificance. Fiscal benefits to the City would be reduced through deletion of the conference center and inn, and recreational benefits would be reduced through deletion of the interpretive center. The alternative is also inconsistent with the project objectives. 79 6. SR 125 Alternative The SR 125 Alternative W5 examines the proposed project based on alternate alignment of future SR 125. Instead of forming the western boundary of the proposed project's southern portion, SR 125 would travel to the eastern half of the southern portion in a north/south alignment. This alignment would then travel through SDG&E property to the north of the substation and immediately adjacent to the southwestern corner of the northern portion of the project site. The purpose of this alternative is to propose a residential development design which would accommodate this alternative freeway alignment. This alternative would change the eastern half of the southern portion and the southwestern corner of the northern portion of the project site. All other aspects of the project would remain as proposed. This alternative is considered infeasible for the following reasons. If the proposed project is designed and constructed prior to resolution of the freeway alignment, the W5 alternative would create significant negative impacts on the project. The eastern edge of the project would be separated from the rest of the project by SR 125, creating a segregated neighborhood which should be avoided. The homesites located immediately adjacent to the freeway alignment in the northern and southern portions would also be affected by adverse noise conditions and other compatibility issues. If this alternative were adopted, the proposed project could be impacted by traffic from Chula Vista accessing SR 125 unless arterials were designed that bypassed the project. Market incentives to locate the proposed commercial area or additional commercial land uses closer to the freeway would also exist, which would change the commercial type from neighborhood to freeway commercial. Significant impacts would remain due to landform/visual quality, biology, air quality and noise factors. This alternative is also inconsistent with the City's General Plan and the project objectives. 7. SR 125 Alternative W6 The SR 125 Alternative alignment W6 would travel through the western half of the southern portion of the project, instead of bordering the western boundary. This alternative would affect only the southern portion of the project site, and the alternative would be similar in concept to the proposed project regarding the number of dwelling units and the mix of land uses. This alternative is considered infeasible for the following reasons. Land use compatibility issues would increase as more of the dwelling units would be affected by their proximity to the proposed freeway since it would bisect the western neighborhood. Measures would have to be implemented to reduce noise, visual, and other impacts related to freeway incompatibility. The following significant impacts would still exist under this alternative: landform/visual quality, biology and air quality. All other impacts identified in this EIR would remain the same. This alternative is also inconsistent with the City's General Plan and the project objectives. 80 8. OtTsite Alternatives In addition to the onsite alternatives, Final EIR 90-02 analyzed a range of offsite alternatives. The following offsite alternatives are rejected for the reasons described. In order to evaluate offsite alternatives to Rancho San Miguel, a 2,500-acre site within the South Bay area is needed to accommodate the project. Other sites in the area would offer environmental advantages over the project site with regard to biological and cultural constraints since the project site is so biologically diverse and archaeologically rich. Developing an alternative site would eliminate the direct impacts to the biological, cultural resources and landforms on the project site. However, this situation would be temporary because the project site is designated for future development under the Chula Vista General Plan. Relocating the proposed project offsite would transfer impacts elsewhere, but would leave the subject site available for future development. Therefore, requiring the proposed development to relocate offsite would not protect the project site from future significant unmitigable impacts. In addition, it is difficult to find a suitable alternative site. Alternative sites within the City's adopted Sphere of Influence have already been committed to residential or mixed-use development, consistent with the land uses designated in the Chula Vista General Plan. These sites include Bonita Long Canyon, EI Rancho del Rey, EastLake and Sunbow. Salt Creek Ranch, a 1,200-acre development to the south of the project, is currently being planned as a residential development by the Baldwin Company. Together, these projects total over 7,300 acres and limit the area available in the project vicinity for development of a project that would be a feasible alternative to Rancho San Miguel in light of the size, scope, character and stated project objectives. The availability of alternative sites on unincorporated County land in the project vicinity is also restricted either due to ongoing or planned projects, topographic constraints or incompatibility with existing community character. Most available land has been incorporated into planned or approved projects such as Rancho San Diego, Loma Del Sol, Las Montanas, Hidden Valley, Singing Hills, The Pointe and Honey Springs Ranch. Unincorporated County land east of the planned and approved projects descnbed above is generally restricted by steep topography and the absence of urban services. Over 23,000 acres of undeveloped land is located within Otay Ranch to the south and east of the Rancho San Miguel property. The entire Otay Ranch, owned by the Baldwin Company, is currently undergoing a General Plan Amendment for future development. Land topographically suitable for residential development is located on the Otay Mesa south of the project site. This land has been designated for industrial development by both the County and City of San Diego and is being developed with industrial land uses at the present time. These industrial land uses would not be compatible with a residential planned community such as Rancho San Miguel. In light of the commitment of land and development within the project vicinity, alternative sites for purchase to accommodate the proposed project are limited and thus are not considered to be a feasible option. In addition, the project does applicant does not own land elsewhere. 81 In regard to an alternative sites analysis, the court in the Goleta Valley decision rejected the argument that a project ErR should be a broad-based regional planning effort and stated that a General Plan and not a project ErR is the appropriate place for such consideration. Citizens of Goleta Valley v. Board of Supervisors (1990) 52 Cal.3d 553. The Chula Vista General Plan was recently updated by the City after a general study of city resources and extensive public participation. The General Plan process considers regional planning concerns to identify optimum locations for development and it is not appropriate for an EIR to fmd alternative locations for a project that is consistent with the General Plan designation. The Chula Vista General Plan Update EIR (1989) identified significant, unmitigable impacts of buildout of the proposed General Plan Update. These impacts were: biological resources, noise, conversion of agricultural lands, landform/aesthetics, landuses/General Plan/zoning, open space, transportation/access and air quality. The General Plan was adopted with an alternative showing residential development on the Rancho San Miguel site, and the City was required to prepare CEQA findings to document the reasons why the plan was adopted given the significant unmitigable impacts. The City's CEQA findings considered: (a) changes and other measures that would, upon implementation, reduce the significant impacts; and (b) justifications for non-implementation of impact-minimizing mitigation measures due to their infeasibility based on social and economic considerations. The "social and economic" considerations referred to above included: . The City of Chula Vista would be deprived of the surplus revenue projected from build out of the entire plan. . The citizens of Chura Vista and the region would be deprived of the housing, employment, and recreational opportunities inherent in the proposed plan if it were not adopted. . The preservation of the Eastern Territories in its current state would preclude the various property owners from achieving the goals of eventually developing their land. In summary, developing the Rancho San Miguel project on an alternative site cannot be feasibly accomplished because the property owner would have to purchase other land in the vicinity (which it does not own), and surrounding land is already committed for future projects. Even if other lands were available in the Chula Vista area, the impacts would be similar throughout the area. Furthermore, implementation of the project on an alternative site would not reduce impacts to the proposed site since it would remain vulnerable to impacts associated with its future development status under the Chula Vista General Plan. 82 February 25, 1993 To: Members of the Planning Commission From: Barbara Reid, Associate Planner Subject: Consideration of Overriding Considerations The proposed Rancho San Miguel will result in significant and unmitigable landform and biological impacts. A Statement of Overriding Considerations will need to be adopted prior to project approval for significant and unmitigable impacts. RECOMMENDATION: It is staff's recommendation that if the Planning Commission recommends approval of the project, they should also recommend adoption of overriding considerations. BR/nr XI. STATEMENT OF OVERRIDING CONSIDERATIONS BACKGROUND The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the State CEQA Guidelines provide: "(a) CEQA requires the decision-maker to balance the benefits of a proposed project against its unavoidable environmental risks in determining whether to approve the project. If the benefits of a proposed project outweigh the unavoidable adverse environmental effects, the adverse environmental effects may be considered 'acceptable. ' (b) Where the decision of the public agency allows the occurrence of significant effects which are identified in the final EIR but are not at least substantially mitigated, the agency shall state in writing the specific reasons to support its action based on the final EIR and/or other information in the record. This statement may be necessary if the agency also makes a finding under Section 15091(a) (2) or (a) (3). (c) If an agency makes a statement of overriding considerations, the statement should be included in the record of the project approval and should be mentioned in the Notice of Determination." (CEQA Guidelines, 14 CaI.CodeRegs. ~15093). THE STATEMENT The City Council finds that the mitigation measures found in the CEQA findings, when implemented, avoid or substantially lessen most of the significant effects identified in Final EIR 90-02 for Rancho San Miguel. Nonetheless, certain significant effects of the Rancho San Miguel project are unavoidable even after incorporation of all feasible mitigation measures. These unavoidable significant effects include: landform/visual quality, air quality, biology and cumulative impacts to land use/conversion of open space, landform/visual quality, biology, archaeology, water supply, air quality and nonrenewable energy resources. In approving this project,the City has balanced the benefits of the Rancho San Miguel project against these unavoidable environmental effects. In this regard, the City finds that all feasible mitigation measures identified in the CEQA findings, have been or will be implemented with the project, and any significant remaining unavoidable effects are acceptable due to the following specific social, economic or other considerations, all of which are based upon the facts set forth in the CEQA findings, Final EIR 90-02, and the record of the proceedings for this project. 1. The project as proposed will provide a significant number (772) or large estate and rural-type lots ranging in size from 15,000 square feet to one acre in size. Such high quality, upper-end housing products are currently limited in the South Bay area. 2. The 357 proposed lots on the northern portion of the project provide opportunity for a "showcase" of sensitively-designed development, with 83 mass grading eschewed in favor of individual, custom lot design using minimal grading and construction techniques such as stemwall foundations, post and beam construction, and multiple level structures to ensure responsiveness to natural topography. 3. The proposed conference center retreat and inn would provide a unique facility in the South Bay, consisting of a quiet rustic leisure time and recreational oriented development in a natural environment. 4. The proposed interpretive center would provide a second such "anchor" to the City's Greenbelt (along with the Bayfront Nature Interpretive Center), allowing for an educational and recreational opportunity to citizens of Chula Vista and all of San Diego County. 5. The project proposes a superior level of planning and design on the southern portion of the project which would not be feasible if Horseshoe Bend and Gobbler's Knob were preserved. Specifically, the project is united into a cohesive whole with the location of a community park and elementary school in the center of the Southern portion. 6. Elimination of Horseshoe Bend and Gobbler's Knob allows for the optimal alignment of San Miguel Ranch road through the project site, where it provides easy access east and west for project residents and provides a suitable parallel surface street alternative to the future Route 125. 7. The proposed Otay Tarweed preserve on the southern parcel provides protection for approximately 44,000 plants of this State-listed endangered plant species. Such a preserve would not be feasible without the elimination of Horseshoe Bend and Gobbler's Knob. 8. The project preserves, through dedication, approximately 1,648 acres of permanent natural open space constituting approximately 64% of the project site. For these reasons, on balance, the City Council finds that there are social, economic and other considerations resulting from this project that serve to override and outweigh the project's unavoidable significant environmental effects and, thus, the adverse environmental effects are considered acceptable. 84