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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2008/04/01 Item 10 CITY COUNCIL AGENDA STATEMENT :s'Yf:.. em OF ,,~ ,~ CHULA VISTA APRIL 1,2008, 1temJL SUBMITTED BY: RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CHULA VISTA ACCEPTING THE CHULA VISTA CLIMATE CHANGE WORKING GROUP'S FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS REPORT, ADOPTING RECOMMENDATIONS #1 AND #2 AS AMENDED BY STAFF AND DIRECTING STAFF TO RETURN TO COUNCIL WITHIN 90 DAYS WITH MORE DETAILED RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING ITEMS #3-5 AND #7. DIR. OF CONSERVATION & ENVIRONMENT~ SERVICESb ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE MANAGER lfi{L- CITY MANAGER 'S,- .,J:;,,... p(l..~ ASSISTANT CITY MANAGER 'S" ITEM TITLE: REVIEWED BY: 4/STHS VOTE: YES D NO 0 SUMMARY In May 2007 staff reported to City Council that Chula Vista's citywide greenhouse gas emissions had increased by 35% (mainly due to residential growth) from 1990 to 2005, while emissions from municipal operations decreased by 18%. As a result, the City Council directed staff to convene a Climate Change Working Group to develop recommendations to reduce the community's greenhouse gas emissions or "carbon footprint" in order to meet the City's 2010 greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. Over the last ten months, the Working Group - comprised of residential, business and community-group representatives- reviewed over 90 carbon-reducing measures that were previously implemented by other communities to determine their applicability and potential effectiveness in Chula Vista. The Climate Change Working Group has completed its review of these measures and has selected seven measures which it recommends for implementation to further lower the community's carbon emissions by the City's 2010 Kyoto commitment. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 10-1 APRIL I, 2008, Item~ Page 2 of9 The Environmental Review Coordinator has reviewed the proposed project for compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and has determined that the project qualifies for a Class 8 categorical exemption pursuant to Section 15308 [Actions by Regulatory Agencies for Protection of the Environment] of the State CEQA Guidelines. Thus, no further environmental review is necessary. RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends that City Council (I) accept the Climate Change Working Group's [mal recommendations report, (2) adopt recommendations #1 and #2 as amended by staff and (3) direct staff to further evaluate recommendations #3-5 and #7 for future Council consideration. Recommendation #6 does not require further action because mixed-use, transit-oriented zoning has already been incorporated into City planning documents. BOARDS/COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION In February 2008 City officials requested that the CCWG's recommendation be presented to City Council immediately. As a result, the CCWG has not had an opportunity to present its report to the Resource Conservation Commission yet, but is currently scheduled for the Commission's April 21st meeting. City staff did present the 2005 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory to the Commission as an Information Item at their April 16, 2007 meeting. DISCUSSION Since the early 1990s, Chula Vista has been engaged in multiple climate change forums including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol Conference. As a result of this initial involvement, the City was the first local government with fewer than 1 million residents to become a founding member of ICLEI - the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives - and its Cities for Climate Protection campaign. In 2000 Council voted to adopt the City's Carbon Dioxide Reduction Plan establishing the goal of reducing the City's greenhouse gas (GHG) or "carbon" emissions 20% below 1990 levels by 2010. The City reinforced this reduction commitment through support of the California Global Warming Solutions Act (AB32) and the U.S. Conference of Mayor's Climate Protection Agreement, which once again pledged that Chula Vista would reduce its carbon emissions to pre-I 990 levels. The 2005 Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Inventory was the first formal evaluation of the City's progress in reaching its emissions goals. The 2005 inventory indicated that Chula Vista's annual citywide GHG levels had increased by 35% since 1990 due primarily to residential growth. During the same period, the City did make significant progress in reducing annual per capita emissions by 17% and avoiding nearly 200,000 tons of GHG emissions annually. In addition, GHG emissions from municipal sources decreased by 18% mainly due to energy-efficient traffic signal retrofits. As a result of its 2005 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Report, the City Council directed staff to convene a Climate Change Working Group (CCWG) to develop recommendations to reduce the community's greenhouse gas emissions or "carbon footprint" in order to meet the City's 20 10 greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. 10-2 APRIL 1,2008, Item----.!Q... Page 3 of9 The Group was convened under the direction of the Council's ICLEI representatives, Councilmember Castaneda and Councilmember McCann, who serve as the City's Climate Change Subconunittee. The Subconunittee and their staff took an active role in establishing the private sector categories on the Working Group, submitting participant names and reviewing all potential representatives. The Planning Department, General Services, Public Works and Conununity Development were also invited to participate. The fmal ten-member group included seven Chula Vista residents and three participants who lived elsewhere but were involved in the Chula Vista conununity. The Working Group was also supported by three ex-officio members with strong interests in Chula Vista's climate reduction actions (see Appendix A for full participant list). To help direct the Group in their task of identifying effective emissions reduction strategies, City staff provided them with the following five primary principles in developing their reconunendations: I) the measure had been previously implemented successfully by an ICLEI local govenunent or California Climate Action Registry business, 2) the measure would be financially feasible (i.e. require little or no additional General Fund support, 3) the measure could be quickly implemented to have inunediate impact on the City's efforts to reduce emissions by 2010, 4) the measures' impacts could be quantified using the City's emissions inventory protocol and 5) the measure would not cause a significant adverse community impact. The CCWG's meetings were initially moderated by a trained and independent City facilitator (Dawn Beintema), while Conservation and Environmental Services Department staff provided administrative support. The Climate Change Working Group's final reconunendations are outlined in their attached final report and analyzed by City staff below. The CCWG's final reconunendations were written collaboratively by Working Group members and incorporate responses to questions and conunents raised by the public and City staff during their meetings. The reconunendations represent a powerful strategy that, if followed, could slow the rate at which the City's GHG emissions increase in the future and may ultimately contribute to lowering emissions to below 1990 levels. The CCWG's recommendations vary in their level of required City conunitment (i.e. staff time, funding, new programs/policies) and their impact on GHG emissions (i.e. reduction magnitude and timeframe). To assist the City Council in evaluating the reconunendations, City staff has analyzed the reconunendations' potential effectiveness to reduce emissions and the required next steps for implementation. Unfortunately, the CCWG and City staff did not have the resources to quantify exact emissions reductions created by each reconunendation, rather the Group relied on the information provided by other cities that have successfully implemented these measures. Staff is able to provide a relative comparison between reconunendations on their potential to reduce citywide emissions. More detailed emissions analyses would require the use of an outside consultant with more advanced modeling capabilities. Each CCWG reconunendation is reviewed below by City staff for its fiscal impact, relative emissions impact and the necessary "next steps" to implement the measure. In addition, City staff included their own reconunendations on how 10-3 APRIL I, 2008, Item~ Page 4 of9 certain measures could be amended to improve their effectiveness. It should be noted that there are a number of current and future statewide regulations that will complement the CCWG's recommendations below and assist Chula Vista in reducing its "carbon footprint." I) Require that 100% of the replacement vehicles purchased for the municipal fleet be high efficiency (hybrid) or alternative fUel vehicles (AFVs). Fiscal Impact: New higher efficiency/alternative fuel vehicles could be purchased using the City's Equipment Replacement Funds when vehicles are replaced. Although the initial costs for each replacement vehicle could be higher than a conventional replacement, fuel savings may offset this initial price difference (ranging between $5,000 for small sedans to $70,000 for heavy-duty trucks) over the vehicle's lifetime. For example, some hybrid models recover their price premium in fuel savings within five years.l Some alternative fuels may also be less expensive than conventional fuels on a price per gallon and price per gasoline-gallon equivalent.2 It is estimated that the City's total annual vehicle replacement costs would increase by at least $140,000 if hybrids and/or alternative fuel vehicle replacements were required for light duty vehicles such as cars and small trucks. Large equipment replacement with hybrids or AFV s would further increase the annual impact on the Equipment Replacement Fund. As a result, there would need to be incremental increases in vehicle replacement fees paid by each City department which could indirectly affect future municipal budgets. Transitioning to some alternative fuels may also require municipal infrastructure improvements. For example, the City has been ready to integrate biodiesel into its large equipment and truck fleet, but is waiting for the capital funds (approximately $440,000) to complete the installation of diesel and gasoline storage tanks at the Public Works Corp Yard before implementing the program. Grant funds may be available to offset a portion of the necessary infrastructure improvement costs for some alternative fuels in the future. Emissions Impact: City fleet vehicle emissions account for 54% of the emissions from municipal operations but make up less than I % of the citywide emissions. A "green" City fleet has a greater impact on the community as a demonstration of leadership and as a catalyst for alternative transportation infrastructure than on reducing community-wide emissions. To its credit, the City has added compressed natural gas buses and cars, electric vehicles and forklifts and a fuel cell vehicle to its fleet over the years. The City began purchasing hybrid replacement vehicles two years ago before the vehicle replacement fund was altered to accommodate budget challenges. This measure is easily quantifiable and will reduce municipal transportation emissions incrementally over the estimated 10-15 years that it will take to replace the fleet and/or convert to alternative fuels. City leadership in AFV /hybrid and alternative fuel purchasing has the potential to increase local markets and infrastructure that could advance community-wide adoption and increase emissions reductions. The measure could also provide a catalyst for local private investments in AFV and infrastructure that would further expand the recommendation's emissions reductions. Implementation Steps: This measure would require an amendment to the City's purchasinglbid requirements stipulating that all new vehicle purchases should be either high 1 Consumer Reports, August 2006 2 Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report, October 2007 10-4 APRIL I, 2008, Item~ Page 5 of9 efficiency (hybrid) or alternative fuel vehicles. This measure has the added benefit of improving local air quality by reducing the local generation of particulates and other air emissions that contribute to asthma and lung disease. Staff Suggestions: Staff recommends that this measure be implemented; however, the measure may not be immediately applicable to public safety and large equipment classes. Staff recommends that it be provided with the flexibility to test and phase in alternative fuels, hybrid and/or electric vehicles into public safety vehicles and large equipment classes to ensure that they are operationally-practical and technically-feasible. Depending on the rate of vehicle replacement, there may need to be budget adjustments to cover increased replacement fees paid by each City department. 2} Encourage City-contractedjleet operators to adopt the use of high efficiency (hybrid) or alternative jitel vehicles (AFVs) by stipulating that 100% of replacement vehicle purchases should be alternative jitel or hybrid vehicles. Fiscal Impact: The measure's implementation costs would be fully borne by contractors and absorbed into their municipal contracts. The hybrid and/or alternative fuel vehicles' increased initial costs may be offset by their future fuel cost savings resulting in long-term savings for the contractor. There is a possibility that increased contractor costs from measure implementation could be passed onto City ratepayers through higher fees. Emissions Impact: Because the City's current emissions inventory protocol does not directly quantify emissions from City-contracted fleet vehicles (ex. street sweepers and solid waste trucks), estimating the measure's impact is problematic. However, the measure would help increase local demand for alternative fueling and electric charging stations which may help catalyze private investments in local AFV infrastructure and expand the measure's emissions impact (similar to measure #1). Additionally, contractors' alternative fuel choices could be coordinated with City practices to complement one another and potentially reduce infrastructure costs. This measure also has the added benefit of improving local air quality by reducing the local generation of particulates and other air emissions that contribute to asthma and lung disease. Implementation Steps: This measure would require an amendment to the City's contractinglbid requirements encouraging all contracted fleet operators to incorporate high efficiency (hybrid) and AFV as their fleet vehicles are replaced. This requirement would not pertain to vehicle classes in which there is not an operationally-practical, technically- feasible hybrid or alternative fuel option. Staff Suggestions: City staff recommends amending this measure to require City- contracted fleet operators to fully incorporate hybrid and AFV as their fleet vehicles are replaced when new contracts are negotiated or existing contracts are extended. The requirement would only pertain to vehicle classes in which there is an operationally- practical, technically-feasible hybrid or alternative fuel option. 3) Require Chula Vista-licensed businesses to participate in an energy assessment of their physical premises every 3 years or upon change of ownership. Fiscal Impact: As part of its 2009-2011 SDG&E Partnership proposal, Chula Vista has 10-5 APRIL 1, 2008, Item~ Page 6 of9 requested funding for City staff to provide businesses with free facility energy assessments. These assessments allow business owners and managers to learn about opportunities (technological and behavioral) to reduce energy consumption and costs. If the City is awarded the Partnership in July 2008, there would be no costs associated with this measure for the City or businesses through December 2011 or as long as external SDG&E funding continues. If there is no external funding, the measure's implementation is estimated to cost the City $250,000 annually. Emissions Impact: While the measure does not require businesses to adopt energy- efficiency improvements, it does help them to understand and apply for SDG&E rebate and incentive programs that would lead to energy conservation. Over the last two years, City staff has visited over 2,000 businesses and identified over 800,000 kWh in potential energy savings (equivalent to 640,000 Ibs C02). Requiring an energy assessment as part of the business license renewal process will greatly expand the potential for immediate emissions reductions. Implementation Steps: Implementation of this measure would necessitate an addition to Chula Vista's municipal code requiring businesses to have a free energy assessment of their premises every 3 years or when ownership changes in order to be issued a business license. Staff would need to develop the code's specific-language and return to City Council within 90 days for their review and consideration. This requirement would not pertain to mobile- type businesses such as plumbers and electricians. Staff Suggestions: Staff would provide up to a 3-year exemption to businesses occupying newly-constructed and remodeled facilities that meet Recommendation 4's green building standards. Staff would also provide an annual exemption to businesses that participate in the California Climate Action Registry's GHG emissions reporting process. 4) Adopt community-wide green building standards that are comprehensive in coverage and mandatory. New and substantially remodeled structures will be required to be built to LEED Silver (or to an equivalent 3rd party certification green building program standard), with the effect of having an energy efficiency impact of at least 20% over Title-24. Fiscal Impact: The measure's cost would be fully borne by residential, commercial and industrial developers. Building construction costs can increase between 1-11 % when meeting green building criteria and vary based on location, project type and green building standard (ex. Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED) "Certified" vs. "Platinum") according to numerous published studies?4 However, the additional construction costs associated with green buildings in California average 2% and frequently result in operational cost savings of more than 10 times the initial investment over the building's lifetime according to a recent study commissioned by the California Integrated Waste Management Board.s Emissions Impact: Emissions from building energy use represent 52% of the community's "carbon footprint" and have increased dramatically since 1990. In order to produce a citywide net reduction in building-related emission levels, additional new buildings would 3 LEED Cost Study, US General Services Administration, October 2004 4 Analyzing the Cost of Obtaining LEED Certification, American Chemistry Council, April 2003 S Cost & Financial Benefits of Green Buildings - California's Sustainable Building Task Force, Oct. 2003 10-6 APRIL 1, 2008, Item~ Page 70f9 need to be zero energy structures and/or their energy consumption would need to be more than offset by increased energy efficiency in remodeled existing buildings. The CCWG's recommendation, applying to new construction and major remodels, would minimize future emissions increases from new "Greenfield" development and lower emissions from redevelopment projects. Because the City has direct authority over community-wide building standards, this CCWG recommendation represents the greatest potential to immediatelv avoid increased citYwide greenhouse gas emissions and could significantlv reduce emission levels over time. Implementation Steps: Implementation of this measure would require an addition to Chula Vista's municipal code requiring all new buildings to meet specified green building standards. Staff would need to develop the code's specific-language and return to City Council within 90 days to present a detailed plan for their review and consideration. Staff Suggestions: To minimize any potential or perceived burden on consumers and developers with higher construction costs, staff recommends that a tiered and phased approach to the program be applied. Another option would be to require new construction to exceed Title-24 by 20% and meet a green building standard which has no third party verification costs. This may help lower developer costs associated with hiring green building consultants and certifying projects through a 3'd party green building program (such as the US Green Building Council - LEED). Additionally, staff would like the opportunity to continue to incorporate incentives which encourage builders to exceed any green building standard adopted by City Council. 5) Facilitate widespread installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on commercial, residential and municipal facilities by developing and implementing a solar energy conversion program. Proactively enforce existing codes requiring pre-plumbing for solar hot water. Fiscal Impact: The exact fiscal impact of developing and implementing a solar energy conversion program is unknown until the program's detailed work plan can be developed. In addition to federal and state incentives, there are numerous external financing mechanisms that could reduce costs to consumers and limit the City's cost for implementing a solar conversion program (such as the creation of voluntary assessment districts). Emissions Impact: Because solar energy programs replace grid-source energy with renewable energy, they can lead to quantifiable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Building energy use accounts for 52% of citywide carbon emissions. If there is a high level of program participation, this measure could lead to very significant decreases in Chula Vista's community GHG emission levels. Implementation Steps: In order to develop and implement a comprehensive solar energy conversion program, staff would need to return to City Council within 90 days with a work plan detailing staffing needs, funding mechanisms and ordinance revisions (if necessary) for their review and consideration. The measure's second component - actively enforcing existing codes which require pre-plumbing for solar hot water - can be immediately implemented with minimal additional staff training and expenses. Staff Suggestions: Staff strongly believes that a solar energy conversion program will provide ratepayers with the best return on investment if it includes an energy conservation 10-7 APRILl,2008,fiem~ Page 8 of9 component. 6) Facilitate "Smart Growth" around the H St., E St. and Palomar St. Trolley Stations. Fiscal Impact: Because mixed-use and high-density redevelopment around transit centers is already required under the Council-approved General Plan and Urban Core Specific Plan, the measure does not increase City funding commitments. Emissions Impact: Transportation emissions represent 48% of Chula Vista's "carbon footprint." The City inventory protocol quantifies community transportation emissions by using traffic congestion values, specifically Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT). Smart Growth around transit facilities will help reduce dependency on personal automobiles by creating pedestrian and transit-friendly communities and lowering VMT values, thus creating emissions reductions. Although full reductions would not be apparent until redevelopment is completed (approximately 15-20 years), transportation behavioral changes could begin to could occur as redevelopment is initiated resulting in incremental emissions reductions. Implementation Steps: The H St. and E St. trolley station areas have already been designated for mixed-use, high-density redevelopment under the approved Urban Core Specific Plan requiring no further Council action. Likewise, the General Plan envisions the Palomar station as a "transit-focus area" surrounded by mixed-use, high-density residential development. The area's specific land uses, densities and development standards will be further refined through the Southwest Specific Plan process. Therefore, no Council action is required at this time. However, the Group wanted to highlight that these development project types are critical for reducing VMT and decreasing community emissions from transportation sources. Staff Suggestions: Staff strongly reiterates the Working Group's recommendation for the City to continue to encourage transit-focused redevelopment around its trolley stations. Because it is under direct municipal authority, community and land use planning is the City's strongest tool to reduce transportation emissions which comprise 48% of Chula Vista total GHG emissions. Land use planning along with renewable energy and energy- efficiency codes/regulations are the top areas identified by State agencies as the keys for local govemment leadership. 7) Coordinate with Otay Water District, San Diego County Water Authority and the Sweetwater Authority to convert turf lawns to xeriscape. Converting lawns to water-wise landscaping has been shown to reduce outdoor residential water use by 40%. Fiscal Impact: The exact fiscal impact of developing and implementing a turf lawn conversion program is unknown until the program's detailed work plan can be developed. Providing the public education and promotion for a water agency-based incentive program could be of little or no cost to the City. If the program incorporates a City-funded incentive to supplement existing water district incentives, the measure's implementation costs would be increased. Emissions Impact: The California Energy Commission has stated that 19% of all energy in the state is consumed by the transfer or treatment of water and are developing a conversion factor for kilowatts (kW) saved per gallon. The San Diego Water Authority has also 10-8 APRIL 1, 2008, Item~ Page 90f9 identified outdoor irrigation as a primary target for water conservation. The City inventory protocol does not directly quantify emissions from water use (i.e. energy used to import, treat and dispose of water), rather it only includes energy associated with locally pumping and treating water within municipal boundaries. Therefore, water conservation may only lead to minimal locally quantifiable emissions reductions in the short term. Once the Energy Commission completes its kW per gallon conversion, water conservation's contribution to GHG reduction will be quantifiable and may be significant. Implementation Steps: In order to develop and implement a comprehensive turf conversion program, staff would need to return to City Council within 90 days with a work plan detailing staffing and funding needs for their review and consideration. Staff Suggestions: Staff suggests that the measure's effectiveness could be increased if included as part of a broader community water conservation strategy which could also include mandatory toilet retrofits, commercial garbage disposal prohibitions and additional new construction and landscape requirements. DECISION MAKER CONFLICT Staff has determined that the recommendations requiring Council action are not site specific and consequently the 500 foot rule found in California Code of Regulations section I 8704.2(a)(l) is not applicable to this decision. FISCAL IMPACT The fiscal impact of implementing each recommendation varies. Recommendations #2 (City-contracted Fleets), 3 (Business License Energy Assessments), 4 (Green Buildings) and 6 (Smart Growth) would not directly affect the City's General Fund through new appropriations, while recommendation #1 (City-fleet AFV Requirement) would cause higher replacement costs for City fleet vehicles. Because Equipment Replacement Funds would be spent more quickly, it is expected that there would need to be incremental increases in vehicle replacement fees paid by each City department which could indirectly affect future municipal budgets. The potential fiscal impact of recommendations #5 and 7 will not be known until more detailed work plans are developed and presented to City Council for review and approval. ATTACHMENTS Climate Change Working Group Final Recommendations Report - April 2008 2005 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Prepared by: Carla Blackmar, Sr. Office Specialist, Conservation & Environmental Services Brendan Reed, Environmental Resource Manager, Conservation & Environmental Services 10-9 CITY OF CHULA VISTA CLIMATE CHANGE WORKING GROUP Final Recommendations Report April 2008 Summary: The Climate Change Working Group of the City of Chula Vista was tasked with identifying climate protection actions that provide the best opportunity for the City to meet, or make the most progress towards meeting its ICLEI/Kyoto commitment of reducing citywide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 20% below 1990 levels. After reviewing over 90 climate protection actions implemented by other cities, the Climate Change Working Group has selected the following measures that it feels are most likely to reduce Chula Vista's greenhouse gas emissions in the next few years: Require that 100% of the replacement vehicles purchased for 1 the municipal fleet be high-efficiency (hybrid) or alternative fuel vehicles. Encourage City-contracted fleet operators to adopt the use of 2 high-efficiency (hybrid) or alternative fuel vehicles, by stipulating that 100% of replacement vehicle purchases should be alternative fuel or hybrid vehicles. Require City of Chula Vista-licensed businesses to participate 3 in an energy assessment of their physical premises every three years and UDon chanae of ownershiD. Adopt community-wide green building standards that are comprehensive in coverage and mandatory. New and 4 substantially remodeled structures will be required to be built to LEED silver or to an equivalent 3rd party certification green building program, with the effect of having an energy efficiency imDact of at least 20% over Title-24. Facilitate widespread installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on commercial, residential and municipal facilities by 5 developing and implementing a solar energy conversion program. Proactively enforce existing codes requiring pre- Dlumbina for solar hot water. 6 Facilitate "Smart Growth" around the H Street, E Street and Palomar Street Trolley Stations Coordinate with Otay Water District, San Diego County Water 7 Authority and the Sweetwater Authority to convert turf lawns to xeriscaDe. CCWG Final Recommendations Report Aprill,2008 lof29 10-10 Back!!round: The Climate Change Working Group was convened in July 2007 under the direction of the Council's ICLEI representatives, Councilmember Castaneda and Councilmember McCann, who serve as the City's Climate Change Subcommittee. The Subcommittee and their staff took an active role in establishing the sectors to be represented in the Working Group, submitting participant names and reviewing all potential representatives. The Planning Department, General Services, Public Works and Community Development were also invited to participate. The final ten-member group included seven Chula Vista residents and three members who lived elsewhere, but were involved in the Chula Vista community. In addition, three ex-officio members with strong interests in Chula Vista's climate reduction actions supported the Working Group (see Appendix A for full participant list). To help direct the Working Group in their task of identifying effective emissions reduction strategies, City staff provided the following five criteria to guide recommendations: 1) the measure had been previously implemented by an ICLEI local government or California Climate Action Registry business, 2) the measure would be financially feasible (i.e. require little or no additional General Fund support, 3) the measure could be quickly implemented to have immediate impact on the City's efforts to reduce emissions by 2010, 4) the measures' impacts could be quantified using the City's emissions inventory protocol and 5) the measure would not cause a significant adverse community impact. CCWG meetings were initially moderated by a professional City facilitator (Dawn Beintema), while Conservation and Environmental Services Department staff provided administrative support. The Working Group process was divided into three sets of meetings. The first set was spent reviewing the City's 2005 GHG emissions inventory, learning about each of the sectors that generate emissions (energy, land use/transportation, waste and water) and investigating what actions other cities had taken to reduce emissions from each sector. These actions were compiled into a list of 90 measures (see Appendix E) which could then be evaluated by the five criteria listed above. In the second set of meetings the Group reviewed these lists, and selected the measures from each sector that had the inost potential to reduce emissions significantly while still meeting the five criteria (the list was narrowed to approximately 20 recommendations). The final set of meetings was spent distilling the list down to seven recommendations, and collaboratively writing and editing the text explaining these recommendations. In writing the recommendation text, the Climate Change Working Group strove to create implementation strategies that were neither overly specific and prescriptive, nor overly general. The Working Group's goal was to create recommendations detailed enough to lay the groundwork for speedy implementation, but also general enough to be adaptable CCWG Final Recommendations Report April 1, 2008 2 of 29 , 0-,1, under changing circumstances. In the end, the Working Group's approach to the recommendation text was guided by its original charter, which was to create recommendations for Council but to leave the implementation details to staff specialists who are more familiar with municipal codes and processes. Many broader climate reduction actions, such as recommendations to re-organize Chula Vista's land use and transportation systems to favor transit, are absent from this list. While large-scale, system-level changes of this nature are likely to be necessary for sustained GHG emissions reductions, the Group felt that these recommendations were often too complex to be implemented and measured in the short term. The Chula Vista Carbon Dioxide (C02) Reduction Plan (2000) contains an excellent list of broader policies that should guide the City in the 21 st century as it seeks to reduce its "carbon footprint" (See Appendix C). The Climate Change Working Group would like to reiterate the importance of these broader policies, while at the same time acknowledging that the implementation of these policies is often outside of the City's purview. The Climate Change Working Group's recommendations represent an important strategic opportunity for the City. Council has reiterated its commitments to reducing GHG emissions, yet if the City continues with a "business as usual" approach, emissions are sure to increase further. On the other hand, if the City follows the Working Group's recommendations (especially pertaining to Green Building standards and solar energy conversion), Chula Vista could begin to slow its community-wide increase in GHG emissions and eventually lead to reduced citywide emissions. Council is strongly encouraged to adopt the Climate Change Working Group's recommendations, and to speed their implementation into municipal code and practice. CCWG Final Recommendations Report April 1 , 2008 30f29 10-12 Recommendation 1: Require that 1000/0 of replacement vehicles purchased for municipal fleet be hil?:h efficiency (hvbrid) or alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). The City ofChula Vista Climate Change Working Group recommends that City ofChula Vista require all replacement vehicles purchased for the municipal fleet be either high efficiency (hybrid) or alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). Background: The City of Chula Vista Climate Change Working Group recommends that the City of Chula Vista expand its use of high efficiency fuel vehicles including electric, biodiesel, ethanol, hybrid, hydrogen and natural gas based on appropriateness for vehicle task, fueling infrastructure, petroleum displacement, overall cost and environmental benefit. Further, the Group recommends that the City develop policies to efficiently use the vehicles that it currently has, implementing concepts like "right sizing", "trip chaining", and maintenance in order to derive the most benefit from each "vehicle miles traveled" (VMTs). The City of Chula Vista has long been a pioneer in the use of high efficiency/alternative fuels. The City's transit fleet and some light-duty vehicles run on compressed natural gas and the City has its own compressed natural gas fueling station and hydrogen fueling station. Many cities throughout California have also successfully adopted the use of high efficiency/alternative fuel vehicles from passenger cars to heavy-duty trucks. Additionally, the State of California has made the growth of the use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles a high priority and passed myriad legislation creating funding mechanisms to drive this growth. Alternative fuel vehicle options exist in most every class of vehicle in use by the City of Chula Vista, so it is recommended that the City consider all high-efficiency/alternative fuel appropriate options when considering all future vehicle acquisitions. Recommended Performance Metrics for Measure: Performance could be measured by setting aggressive goals for increasing the City's use of alternative fuel vehicles (Le. number of AFV s/high efficiency vehicles) and alternative fuels (Le. gallons used), as well as development of associated fueling infrastructure. The effectiveness of the new measure could also be measured by tracking the average fleet "miles per gallon" (MPG) in gasoline, and setting ambitious goals to lower this MPG. Not only would this measure encourage greater adoption of AFVs, it would also focus the City on making the existing fleet as efficient as possible. CCWG Final Recommendations Report April I, 2008 4 of 29 10-13 Fiscally Feasible: The City can purchase high efficiency/alternative fuel vehicles as vehicle replacement funds become available. Substantial grant funding and incentives for light, medium and heavy duty alternative fuel vehicles are also currently available and expected to increase in years to come. Grant funding for fueling infrastructure may be available and private industry may also invest in necessary fueling infrastructure with local commitment to use. Because high-efficiency vehicles use less gasoline and alternative fuels are typically less expensive than conventional fuels, hybrid and AFVs can often recoup any additional upfront costs over their lifetime. Tax rebates on qualifying alternative fuels also exist, bringing their cost below that of petroleum-based fuels. Short Timeframe: Hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles can be implemented into the fleet immediately as vehicles are replaced, or new vehicles are purchased. Alternative fuel vehicle fueling infrastructure can be accomplished in 2008 and 2009. Quantifiable Results: The use of hybrid and alternative fuel vehicles will permit a reduction in the use of petroleum-based fuels. All targeted alternative technologies/fuels can have significant greenhouse gas emissions benefits over petroleum-based fuels such as gasoline and diesel. Prior Execution: Various cities including Burbank, Los Angeles, San Francisco and Vacaville, CA, as well as Boulder, CO. No Adverse Effects: While some alternative fuel vehicles may cost more than their gasoline and/or diesel counterparts, billions of dollars in current and future State and Federal incentives, grants and tax credits can bring the cost of those alternative fuel vehicles near or below that of a comparable gasoline or diesel-powered vehicle. In some cases, grant applications may need to be written and reports may need to be filed in the process of securing funding for vehicles and/or infrastructure; however, an increase in City staff would not be anticipated. Additionally, private industry may invest in necessary fueling infrastructure to meet the City's needs. Many alternative fuel vehicles currently offer significant fuel and maintenance cost savings over gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles. CCWG Final Reconunendations Report April I, 2008 5 of 29 10-14 Recommendation 2: Encoural!e City-contracted fleet operators to adopt the use of hil!h efficiency (hybrid) or alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), stipulatinl! that 100% of replacement vehicle purchases be alternative fuel or hybrid vehicles. The City of Chula Vista Climate Change Working Group recommends that the City of Chula Vista work with fleets under City authority and influence their expanded use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs). All replacement vehicles purchased by City-contracted fleets should be either AFVs, high efficiency vehicles or vehicles otherwise able to demonstrate significant reductions in carbon emissions. Background: The City of Chula Vista Climate Change Working Group recommends that the City of Chula Vista work with fleets under City authority. to influence their expanded use of alternative fuels and high-efficiency/alternative fuel vehicles including electric, biodiesel, ethanol, hybrid, hydrogen and natural gas based on appropriateness for vehicle task, fueling infrastructure, petroleum displacement, overall cost and environmental benefit. While there are a number of fleets operating in the City of Chula Vista, few are under direct authority of the City with the exception of taxis and refuse trucks. There are currently over 200 taxis permitted by the Police Department to pick up passengers in the City of Chula Vista and over 50 refuse trucks authorized to collect household discards. There are currently hundreds of alternative fuel taxis and refuse trucks operating throughout California. Helping these fuel-intensive fleets adopt hybrid/alternative fuel vehicles should be the City's near-term priority. Additional fleet operators not directly under the City's authority that the City may be able to influence include United Parcel Services (UPS) (which uses alternative fuel vehicles at various hubs throughout the country), as well as other local manufacturers, distributors and service providers. Recommended Performance Metrics for Measure: Performance could be measured by setting aggressive goals for increasing fleet operators' use of high-efficiency/alternative fuel vehicles (Le. number of hybrid and AFVs) and alternative fuels (Le. gallons used), as well as associated fueling infrastructure. Fiscally Feasible: Fleet owners can purchase alternative fuel vehicles with existing vehicle replacement funds, ultimately meeting percentage targets set through contract negotiations. CCWG Final Recommendations Report April 1, 2008 6 of 29 10-15 Substantial grant funding and incentives for light, medium and heavy duty alternative fuel vehicles are also currently available and expected to increase in years to come. Grant funding for fueling stations may be available and private industry may also invest in necessary fueling infrastructure with local commitments to use. High- efficiency/alternative fuel vehicles often recoup their higher initial costs by life-cycle savings on fuel. Tax credits on qualifying alternative fuels also exist, bringing their cost below that of petroleum-based fuels. Short Timeframe: High-efficiency/alternative fuel vehicles can be implemented into fleets immediately with all scheduled vehicle replacements and/or new vehicle acquisitions. Alternative fuel vehicle fueling/charging infrastructure expansion can be accomplished in 2008 and 2009. Quantifiable Results: The conversion to high-efficiency/alternative fuel vehicles will reduce the use of petroleum-based fuels. All targeted alternative fuels have significant greenhouse gas emissions benefits over petroleum-based fuels such as gasoline and diesel. Prior Execution: Various cities and agencies in our neighboring South Coast Air Quality Management District, as well as Smithtown and Brookhaven, NY and San Antonio, TX. No Adverse Effects: While some high-efficiency/alternative fuel vehicles may cost more than their gasoline and/or diesel counterparts, billions of dollars in current and future State and Federal incentives, grants and tax credits can bring the cost of those alternative fuel vehicles near or below that of a comparable gasoline or diesel-powered vehicle. In some cases, grant applications may need to be written and reports may need to be filed in the process of securing funding for vehicles and/or infrastructure; however, an increase in staffing would not be anticipated and private industry partnerships are available to incur these costs on behalf of fleet owners. Additionally, private industry may invest in necessary fueling infrastructure to meet fleet owners' needs. Many alternative fuel vehicles currently offer significant fuel and maintenance cost savings over gasoline and diesel- powered vehicles. CCWG Final Recommendations Report April 1, 2008 7 of 29 10-16 Recommendation 3: Require City of Chula Vista-licensed businesses to participate in an enerev assessment of their physical premises eyery three years and upon chanl!:e of ownership, The City ofChula Vista Climate Change Working Group recommends that City ofChula Vista-licensed businesses be required to participate in an energy assessment of their physical premises every three years and upon change of ownership. Background The City ofChula Vista Climate Change Working Group recommends that City ofChula Vista-licensed businesses be required to participate in an energy assessment of their physical premises every three years as a way of helping businesses take advantage of rapidly evolving energy-efficiency practices and technologies. The City of San Diego has had a similar code in place since the early nineties requiring that all buildings receiving water service from the City of San Diego obtain a Water Conservation Plumbing Certificate upon change of ownership. This requirement has led to widespread installation of water-conserving equipment in the building stock. The City of Berkeley has a similar municipal code in place requiring businesses to complete an energy assessment upon change of ownership. This code has been shown to create a heightened awareness of energy conservation among citizens. The proposed recommendation is based on the City of San Diego/ City of Berkeley codes and would require assessments for businesses every three years and upon change of ownership. The proposed code would integrate the assessments into the existing Business License Renewal Program, with assessments to be conducted by City staff with support from the SDG&E Partnership Program. Energy assessments would vary by business type, but would be designed for flexibility in order to help take advantage of available incentive and rebate opportunities. Because water use and energy consumption are directly linked, water-conserving practices and technologies would also be encouraged under this program. Recommended Performance Metrics for Measure The implementation of this measure requires a change to the City's business licensing code stipulating the energy assessment requirement. Before the code could be written it would be necessary to establish who would perform the assessments (likely City staff supported by SDG&E), what standards were to be met and how the assessments would be integrated into the business licensing process. Once the code was in place, performance could be gauged by measuring the number of assessments completed. CCWG Final Reconunendations Report April I, 2008 8 of 29 10-17 Fiscally Feasible: City staff currently conduct energy assessments as part of the SDG&E-City of Chula Vista Energy Efficiency Partnership Program. The required business assessments would be an outgrowth of that effort. In the last year, the City has completed approximately 400 business assessments. The City currently licenses approximately 3,500 businesses with physical premises, meaning that the assessment efforts would need to be stepped-up to assess an additional 700-800 businesses per year. This is not unmanageable under the existing program format, but would require efforts to be re- focused on business assessments rather than residential lighting exchanges. Short Timeframe: Increased business energy assessments could result almost immediately in energy conservation behaviors and efficiency improvements. Reduction in carbon emissions can reasonably be expected within a 2-3 year time frame. Quantifiable Results: Reductions in energy use are among the easiest measures to quantifY in the City's GHG emissions inventory. Effective energy assessments that change business behaviors can be expected to yield quantifiable, albeit modest, GHG reductions. Prior Execution: Berkeley, CA, San Jose, CA, San Diego, CA (water assessment) No Adverse Effects: While requiring businesses to complete an energy assessment every three years would add an additional complication to the business licensing process, the benefit to businesses in cost savings through energy use reduction can be expected to overwhelm the hassle of completing the assessment. It is possible that the assessments would create additional complexity for the City's business licensing staff. Relevant Links: 1) City of San Diego Plumbing Retrofit Ordinance: bttp://y..'ww.sandiego.gov /water/conservation/ selling.sbtml 2) City of Berkeley Commercial Energy Conservation Ordinance bttp:/ /wvv"w .cLberkeley .ca. us/ContentDisplay .aspx?id= 15474 CCWG Final Recommendations Report April 1, 2008 9 of 29 10-18 Recommendation 4: Adopt community-wide l!:reen buildinl! standards that are comprehensive in coveral!e and mandatory. New and substantiallv renovated structures will be reauired to be built to LEED silver or to an eauivalent 3rd party certification l!reen buildinl! prOl!ram. with the effect of havinl! an enerl!V efficiencv impact of at least 20% over Title-24. The City of Chula Vista Climate Change Working Group recommends that City of Chula Vista adopt community-wide green building standards that are comprehensive in coverage and mandatory. Permits shall not be given to a building unless it is designed and built as LEED silver, or equivalent from another 3rd party certification green building program, with the effect of having an energy efficiency impact of at least 20% over Title- 24. This requirement would then be regularly updated to meet Architecture 2030 goals of energy net zero construction by 2020 for homes and 2030 for businesses. Background: Energy use by existing building stock accounts for half of Chula Vista's community greenhouse gas emissions. The City's Climate Change Working Group recommends that the City take action to reduce emissions from buildings by changing the municipal code stipulations to require builders to exceed Title-24 standards. Requiring builders and building managers to meet higher energy efficiency standards would help support the long-term value of the City's building stock by encouraging upkeep and assuring the future reliability and comfort of structures. Building energy efficiency standards are currently set by California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24.12. Though Title-24 energy standards are among the most rigorous energy codes in the U.S., buildings constructed to LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) standards are at least 14% more efficient than buildings simply built to current Title-24 standards. Opportunities for energy savings are particularly great in the residential sector, where Title-24 requirements are comparatively less stringent. The Climate Change Working Group recommends that the City take advantage of this potentially tremendous energy savings by creating a municipal code requiring buildings to exceed Title-24 standards. A variety of different approaches could be taken to mandate the construction of energy efficient structures within the City of Chula Vista. Requiring that builders construct green buildings, which are designed to maximize energy efficiency and sustainability can be an effective way to exceed Title-24 requirements. The Working Group's recommendation both encourages the use green building methods and focus specifically on energysefficiency. CCWG Final Recommendations Report April 1, 2008 100f29 10-19 Furthermore, the Climate Change Working Group recommends the following guidelines for implementation of these recommendations as to properly capture the letter and spirit of the Working Group's findings: 1. Any energy code/green building measure must be required for both public and private development. 2. The requirements must be comprehensive in the size and types of structures covered. 3. The requirements should include participation in an already existing green building 3rd party certification program with an energy efficiency component. If there is a phase-in period, it must be relatively short as to be relevant to the 2010 GHG emission deadline and must be conneoted to a clear and concise timetable for implementation. Prior Execution: While the Climate Change Working Group strongly recommends that the City enact codes to make both new and remodeled buildings more efficient, the logistics of creating a Green Building Code for Chula Vista require research time and effort beyond the scope of the Working Group. By approving this measure, Council will direct staff to research and develop an implementation plan for this recommendation. Recommended Performance Metrics for Measure: The implementation of this measure requires an addition to the City's municipal code outlining the new green building standard. Performance would be gauged by the number of building permits applied for, the number accepted, and the number of compliant buildings built. Fiscally Feasible: The City of Chula Vista currently has building code requirements that must be met before a building can be permitted. This recommendation would require a modest addition to these existing building standards. The new codes should be designed to work within pre- existing implementation and compliance mechanisms to allow for cost-effective enforcement. While additional training for existing staff may be required, it is not likely to impose significant additional costs upon the City. Short Timeframe: The implementation of these standards could occur as soon as municipal codes are amended and adequate notice is given to the public. The fact that the implementation and CCWG Final Recommendations Report April 1, 2008 11 of 29 10-20 enforcement process for building new structures IS already m place shortens the recommendation's implementation Quantifiable Results: Reductions in energy use by buildings are among the easiest carbon-reducing actions to quantify. Credible sources ranging from the Department of Energy to the California Attorney General have endorsed green buildings standards as an effective means of reducing carbon emissions. Prior Execution: Mandatory green building standards have been adopted in Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, Los Angeles, San Diego, West Hollywood, Santa Monica, Boston, and Washington D.C. (to name a few). (Please see Appendix B) No Adverse Effects: While these standards require project applicants to meet additional requirements before they can be issued a building permit, the areas to be regulated by these green building codes are no different than other building requirements currently imposed on developers including structural, lighting, earthquake safety and ventilation requirements. Such standards have proven to have little, if any, adverse effects on the number of permits sought. Studies by the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) have shown that building to basic "LEED certification" can be done at virtually no extra cost. The fact that the proposed standards allow developers the flexibility and autonomy to determine how best to meet these requirements will offset the burden associated with meeting an additional procedural requirement. This recommendation is consistent with the CPUC and California Energy Commission's stated goal to make new residential and commercial buildings "carbon-neutral" by 2020 and 2030, respectively. In addition, such a requirement will reduce the future growth in peak demand for electricity thus reducing the future need for the South Bay Power Plant. Relevant Links: 1. Boston Green Building Program: http://www .cityofboston.gov /bral gbtf/GB TFhome.asp 2. Santa Monica Municipal Code: http://,,,ww.qcode.us/codes/santamonicalindex.php?topic=8-8 _108-8_108_060 3. Los Angeles Bar Association Review of California Municipal Green Building Codes: http://wVvw .lacba.org/showpage.cfm ?pageid=8922 CCWG Final Recommendations Report April 1, 2008 120f29 10-21 4. Santa Barbara Green Building Code http://ww"W .santabarbaraca.gov/Documents/Sustainable _Santa _ Barbara/In _the _ N ews/O 1_ Press Releases/2007 -10- 29_ Santa_Barbara _Energy_Ordinance _Beats_California _ Building_ Code.pdf 5. San Francisco Green Building Codes http://www.sfellvironment.org/our--.programs/topics.html.?ssi=O&ti= 19 Please see Appendix B for further links to municipal green building programs. CCWG Final Recommendations Report April 1 , 2008 10-22 13 of 29 Recommendation 5: Facilitate widespread installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on commercial, residential and municipal facilities bv developinl! and implementinl! a solar enerl!V conversion prOl!ram. Proactivelv enforce existinl! codes reQuirinl! pre-plumbinl! for solar hot water. The City ofChula Vista Climate Change Working Group recommends that City ofChula Vista facilitate widespread installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on commercial, residential and municipal facilities by developing and implementing a solar energy conversion program. The Group also recommends that the City more proactively enforce existing codes requiring pre-plumbing for solar hot water. Background: Developing cleaner energy sources is an essential tool for slowing climate change. Solar energy remains a largely untapped resource for generating clean energy. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EP A): . Each day more solar energy hits the Earth than its inhabitants could consume in 27 years. . Solar energy technologies produce minor amounts of greenhouse gases, generated mostly during the manufacturing process. . A 100-megawatt solar thermal electric power plant, over 20 years, will avoid more than 3 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions when compared to the cleanest conventional fossil fuel-powered electric plants. Photovoltaic (PV) solar panels convert sunlight directly into electricity. PV panels can be mounted to commercial, residential and municipal buildings and connected directly to the energy grid. For residential applications, annual audits by the energy company provide a comparison between the energy contributed from the solar system to the amount of energy used. If there is a shortfall, the user then pays for the difference. Energy conservation is also an important part of an efficient solar system. Financing Options The primary barrier to the installation of solar PV systems is cost. The average 2 kilowatt (kW) solar system can cost between $16,000-$26,000 to install. The payback period for a solar system can be anywhere from 15-30 years, depending on location, type of panels used, maintenance and weather. Options for overcoming this barrier include: 1) Power Purchase Agreement (PPA): In a PPA, a property owner allows a solar energy contractor to install and operate PV solar panels on their property. Though energy produced by the panels is used on-site, the property owner continues to pay their electric bills, this time to the solar installer rather than the utility company. Once the cost of the solar installation has been paid back, the property owner generally has the option of CCWG Final Reconunendations Report April I, 2008 140f29 10-23 taking over the ownership/operation of the solar panels. This type of solar agreement is most often used on large structures such as schools, municipal facilities and retail stores. Application: This type of solar financing would be most practical for City facilities with large roof areas, such as parking garages. Implementation: The City could require a certain percentage of its municipal energy to be generated on-site with solar PV panels. PP As are a tool which could be used to help the city reach this solar goal, especially if the City was not able to afford Solar through other means. 2) City Solar Financing/Special Assessment: The City of Berkeley is helping residents afford solar by paying up-front for the cost and installation of residential solar systems, and then recouping the cost by assessing an additional tax on participating properties which would pay back the cost of the system over a 20 year period. Residents benefit immediately from reductions on their energy bills. The City of Berkeley won a $200,000.000 solar grant from the EP A to help cover the start-up costs for the program. Application: This type of solar financing would help surmount the costs of solar system installation for individual homeowners. By helping spread the cost of the solar system across a 20 year period, residents are able to experience the solar system payback more immediately. Implementation: The City could establish a program like the one in Berkeley, giving Chula Vista property owners the option to install City-fmanced solar systems on their buildings. These systems would then be paid off over a set timeframe through special property assessments. 3) Community Solar Program and Trust Fund: The City of Santa Monica's comprehensive solar program helps lower the cost of solar by simplifying the permitting process for solar construction, identifying solar contractors who are willing to do installations at a reduced "Santa Monica" rate, identifying banks/lenders to help residents fmance solar installation costs and by providing free energy assessments to residents. Energy assessments help residents reduce their energy consumption through conservation first, thereby reducing the size of the solar system they will eventually install. For residents who rent their homes, or have a site that is not suitable for the installation of solar panels, the City offers the option of buying shares in a Community Solar System Fund. This fund helps buy down the cost of solar installation for the City overall. Application: This tool could be used to create funds for the general establishment of solar programs, to buy down the cost of solar installation in the City and to expedite the processing of solar permits. Implementation: The City could establish a solar program modeled on "Solar Santa Monica," with an option that allows residents to buy into the "Solar Trust Fund." Determining the appropriate combination of fmancing options and program designs for the City would require research and policymaking beyond the scope of the Climate CCWG Final Recommendations Report April 1, 2008 150f29 10-24 Change Working Group. The group does recommend that the City hasten to adopt a solar energy conversion plan that incorporates the strategies listed above. At the same time, there are a variety of less elaborate actions that the City can take to ensure the adoption of solar technologies: Pre-Plumb/ Pre-Wire/or Solar Since 1982 the City has had a code in place requiring pre-plumbing for solar hot water on new homes. Though this code has been in place since the early '80s, it has received little to no enforcement. The Climate Change Working Group recommends that the City enforce this code requirement going forward. Furthermore, the Group recommends that this code be amended to require that new homes are also pre-wired for solar PV. Pre- plumbing and pre-wiring for solar reduces barriers to the installation of these technologies, and ensures that conventional homes can be easily converted to alternative energy sources as funds become available. Require Solar Installation as an "Upgrade Option" on New Homes: Some homebuilders (ex. Pardee Homes) offer solar PV systems as an "upgrade" option on new homes. However, this option is not offered by any developers in the City of Chula Vista at this time. The Climate Change Working Group recommends that the City require new home developers in Chula Vista to offer solar PV systems as an "upgrade" option. Provide Residents Free Home Energy Assessments: Home energy efficiency can reduce the cost to make homes "net zero energy" by reducing the size of the solar system needed to offset energy use. Any solar PV program should be complemented by energy conservation programming. The City's Conservation and Environmental Services Department currently offers home energy assessments as part of the City's partnership with SDG&E. The Group recommends that the City continue to provide these assessments going forward. Recommended Performance Metrics for Measure: Performance can be measured by the number of commercial, residential and municipal facilities installing solar PV systems each year. Performance can also be measured by the number of megawatts produced by program-installed PV systems. Citywide clean energy generation goals could be established (ex: 100 megawatts of solar generation by 2012). Fiscally Feasible: In addition to the fmancing mechanisms mentioned above, a variety of federal, state and non-profit funds for solar programs are available. In addition to receiving a $160,000 "Solar America" grant from the EP A for the administrative costs of establishing a solar CCWG Final Recommendations Report April!, 2008 !60f29 10-25 program, Berkeley also received a $75,000 grant from its regional Air Quality Management District. The Berkeley Program also benefits from the California Solar Initiative rebate, which is applied to the total cost Berkeley pays for the solar systems. Solar systems installed on municipal facilities can take advantage of a similar State and Federal incentives. Because the amount of these incentives and rebates is designed to decrease over time, the Climate Change Working Group recommends that the City work to take advantage of these fmancing opportunities while they are still significant. Short Timeframe: If aggressively pursued, a basic program could be put in place in 12 to 18 months. Developing a more elaborate program with financing for residential solar installation would be more within the 2 to 4 year timeframe. Quantifiable Results: Widespread solar energy conversion in the City of Chula Vista would help shift energy production away from greenhouse gas producing power plants. (See the discussion of performance metrics above). Prior Execution: City of Santa Monica "Solar Santa Monica" program, City of San Francisco "Climate Action Plan". No Adverse Effects: Facilitating solar energy conversions would not cause adverse economic or social impacts or shift negative environmental impacts to another sector. Creating a robust solar energy conversion program would encourage economic development and create opportunities for the struggling housing construction industry. Relevant Links: 1. U.S. EPA Fact Sheet: Climate Change Technologies, Solar Energy http://yosemite.epa .gov/ oar/ globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/SHSU 5BVR3 A/$File/ solarenergy.pdf 2. Solar Santa Monica http://Vv"Vvw.solarsantamonica.com/mainlindex.html 3. The GfK Roper Yale Survey on Environmental Issues http:// environment. yale.edui documents/ downloads/h-niLocalActionReport.pdf 4. San Francisco Solar Plan Press Release CCWG Final Recommendations Report April 1, 2008 17 of 29 10-26 http://v.'W'.v .sfgov .org/site/ assessor -page. asp ?id=723 3 2 5. City of Berkeley Solar Plan Press Release http;/ /www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/Mayor/PR/pressrelease2007-1023.html CCWG Final Recommendations Report April 1, 2008 180f29 10-27 Recommendation 6: Facilitate "Smart Growth" around the H Street. E Street and Palomar Street Trollev Stations. The City of Chula Vista Climate Change Working Group recommends that City of Chula Vista facilitate smart growth around the H Street, E Street and Palomar Street Trolley Stations. Background: Chula Vista's trolley stations offer a unique smart growth opportunity. Smart growth is a compact, efficient and environmentally sensitive pattern of development that provides people with additional travel, housing and employment choices by focusing future growth away from rural areas and closer to existing and planned job centers and public facilities. Smart growth reduces dependence on the automobile for travel needs. Automobile travel reductions prevent the burning of fossil fuels that contribute to greenhouse gases and climate change. The E Street and H Street trolley stations are defined as "Primary Gateways" within the Promenade Vision Area in the City of Chula Vista Urban Core Specific Plan. The vision description is as follows. "A dynamic mix of regional transit centers, visitor serving uses and a retail complex surrounds an enhanced, medium-rise residential quarter. Circulation is improved by re-establishing the traditional street grid. A tree-lined, extended linear park offers both neighborhood and community serving amenities supported by mid-block paseos. The park transitions from an active community venue with a more formal landscape to recreational features such as tennis and basketball courts to passive greens. Anchoring the park, the retail plaza links the Bayfront to the regional mall. Ample public spaces provide for open air markets, mercados, cultural festivals, art exhibits and other community events." The Palomar Station is already zoned as a "Gateway Transit District" under the current zoning plan, with densities up to 40 dwelling units per acre permissible by code. Recommended Performance Metrics for Measure Performance could be measured by the number of building permits issued within one- quarter mile of the trolley stations. CCWG Final Recommendations Report April I , 2008 190f29 10-28 Fiscally Feasible: Yes. Short Timeframe: If aggressively pursued, new building permits could be issued in 18 to 24 months. Quantifiable Results: Possible. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions could be quantified by developing an estimated emission value per square foot of smart growth residential space and an estimated emission value per square foot of more traditional suburban residential space. The difference between the two could be used to calculate the emissions reduction due to new residential smart growth around the trolley stations. Prior Execution: "New Places, New Choices: Transit-Oriented Development in the San Francisco Bay Area, November 2006" www.mtc.ca.gov/library/TOD/index.htm. transitvillages.org, transitorienteddevelopoment.org. No Adverse Effects: A difficult topic to address with any smart growth project is traffic impact. This issue would be easier to address if a trolley station were made an integral part of the smart growth project. Interstate 5 and a robust grid network of local streets are also in close proximity to the E Street, H Street and Palomar Street Trolley Stations. Implementing smart growth around trolley stations would potentially cause adverse economic or social impacts and potentially shift negative environmental impacts to another sector. CCWG Final Recommendations Report April I, 2008 200f29 10-29 Recommendation 7: Coordinate with Otav Water District. San Diee:o County Water Authority and the Sweetwater Authority to convert turf lawns to xeriscape. The City ofChula Vista Climate Change Working Group recommends that City ofChula Vista coordinate with Otay Water District, San Diego County Water Authority and the Sweetwater Authority on turf lawn conversions for commercial and residential properties. Pumping water is a significant contributor to GHG emissions in California. Converting lawns to water-wise gardens and/or artificial turf has been shown to reduce outdoor residential water use by 40%, thereby reducing emissions from this sector. Background The pumping of water and wastewater in California is estimated to take up at least seven percent of the State's total energy usage, making water use a significant contributor to the State's overall CO2 emissions. (2007 PIER Report). According to the San Diego County Water Authority, up to fifty percent of household water use goes to thirsty turf grass lawns. The Climate Change Working Group recommends that the City support and coordinate with existing programs aimed at reducing the amount of water used in landscaping. The Otay Water District's "Cash for Plants" program pays residents and businesses up to $2,200 to convert turf lawns or other high water-use plants to drought-tolerant plants. This type of landscaping is often called "xeriscaping" and utilizes San Diego native and California-friendly plants. However, the program is restricted to turf grass lawns larger than 750 square feet. This restriction prevents many smaller residential and commercial properties from participating in the program. Otay Water District has recently begun a second program that pays single-family homeowners to replace their lawns with artificial turf, with a $1/sf incentive. This program only applies to lawns smaller than 1000 SF, though it supplements programs that pay schools to convert their fields to artificial turf. Ideally, the Climate Change Working Group would like to see the City develop its own program to supplement the rebates offered by the local water districts, and to extend the programs to parts of the City under the jurisdiction of the Sweetwater Authority which currently doesn't offer the programs. If developing an independent incentive program is not fiscally possible, the Climate Change Working Group encourages the City to work with Otay Water District to help promote its program to all residents and businesses. The City could help by integrating the information into existing community outreach activities, thereby increasing the numbers of Chula Vista lawns converted to xeriscapes. The City could also help residents overcome Home Owner Association rules and other logistical barriers to CCWG Final Reconunendations Report April 1, 2008 21 of29 10-30 xeriscape conversion. Additionally, the City might act as a facilitator helping to aggregate participating homes to buy-down the cost of contractor efforts. Recommended Performance Metrics for Measure Effective implementation of this measure could be gauged by comparing current numbers of existing turf-to-xeriscape incentive applications with the numbers of applications 2 or 3 years into the future, with the expectation that the City's efforts would result in an increase in applications. Fiscally Feasible: The recommendation's fiscal impact would vary depending on the degree (and type) of support the City provided. At present, the City has a Nature- Friendly gardening program (Naturescape) that encourages residents to adopt water- saving gardening practices. This program could be easily adapted to put an even greater focus on turf-to-xeriscape conversion programs. The Naturescape program is expected to end in June 2008, however, primarily due to lack of funding. The City could re-instate this program with potential financial support from the local water districts. Short Timeframe: Because the City has funding in place for the Naturescape program until June 2008, support and promotion of Otay Water District's "Cash For Plants" program could begin at once. It is expected that increased promotion would lead to an accelerated pace of landscape conversion in the next 2-3 years. Quantifiable Results: A study from the Southern Nevada Water Authority shows a net average residential water use savings of 30% for homes that have converted turf to xeriscape. Large scale implementation of the Water Authority "Cash For Plants" Program would likely have an impact on GHG emissions from water use, though the overall effect on the City's GHG emissions would be relatively small. Prior Execution: Similar programs have been implemented with success III Albuquerque, New Mexico, Mesa, Arizona and Cathedral City, California. No Adverse Effects: While some studies show that well-watered turf lawns function as a carbon sink in some areas, we can reasonably assume that the C02 cost of importing water, maintaining the lawns (requiring gas-powered mowers and travel by landscaping crews) and then managing runoff outweigh any carbon sequestration benefits the turf might have in Chula Vista. Relevant Links 1. Otay Water District Flyer promoting Xeriscape Conversion Incentives: http://www . otaywater.gov / owdlpages/waterconservation/Cash%20for%20plants.pdf 2. Southern Nevada Water Authority Study on residential water savings from xeriscape conversion: http://v.'Ww .snwa.comJassets/pdf/xeri _study _ table.pdf CCWG Final Recommendations Report April I, 2008 220f29 10-31 Appendix A: Climate Chanl!e Workinl! Group Members List NAME ORGANIZATION SECTOR ALTERNATE Lynda Gilgun Resource Conservation Commission Resident/RCC Alan Ridley Cuyamaca College Resident/Energy Chris Schodowski Leviton Manufacturing Inc. ResidentIBusiness Erin Pitts South Bay YMCAlEarth Service Corps Youth Leo Miras Environmental Health Coalition Environmental Laura Hunter Cesar Rios ECM Networks Energy Alma Aguilar Southwestern College Y outhlEnvironmental Hector Reyes Reyes Architects Resident/Architect Richard Chavez SANDAG Resident/Transportation Derek Turbide Clean Energy Resident/Transportation Brian Holland SANDAG Ex Officio Risa Baron SDG&E Ex Officio Julie Ricks Andrea Cook CA Center for Sustainable Energy Ex Officio Michael Meacham CV Conservation& Environmental Servo Staff Brendan Reed CV Conservation& Environmental Servo Staff Carla Blackrnar CV Conservation& Environmental Servo Staff Richard Hopkins CV Public Works Operations Staff Marisa Lundstedt CV Planning & Building Staff Josie McNeeley Lynn France CV General Services Staff Manuel Medrano Denny Stone CV - National Energy Center for Sustainable Staff Communities CCWG Final Recommendations Report April I, 2008 230f29 10-32 Appendix B: Municipal Green Buildinl! Standards Summary MANDATORY RESIDENTIAL STANDARDS AND ORDINANCES Boulder, CO- created their own point-based system for ALL residential development within the city. The bigger the proj ect, the more points they must acquire. The system is essentially based on LEED criteria. It should be noted that one of the largest categories in which to get possible points is focused completely around solar- solar energy, passive solar, solar hot water, etc. http://v.,ww.bouldercolorado.gov/index.php?option=com _ content&task=view&id=208&Itemid= 489 West Hollywood, CA- also created a custom-made point-based system. Requires new residential development with three or more units to submit a green building plan and meet a minimum number of points. All covered projects must be solar-ready. http://www. weho.org/index.cfm/fuseactionlDetaiIGroup/navid/S 3/cid/44931 Santa Cruz, CA- all new residential development are required to obtain a certain number of points from GreenPoint. http://www.ci.santa-cruz.ca.us/pllbuilding/green.html Marin County, CA- all new residential development in unincorporated sections of the county are required to achieve a certain number of GreenPoint points. All single family dwellings larger than 3,SOO sq. ft. are subject to the energy efficiency budget of a 3,SOO sq. ft. building. http://www.co.marin.ca.us/depts/CD/mainlcomdev/advance/Sustainability .cfrn Santa Barbara, CA- The ordinance mandates building regulations, based on Architecture 2030 principles, which exceed Title 24 requirements by 20 percent for low-rise residential buildings, IS percent for high-rise residential buildings and 10 percent for nomesidential buildings, among other measures. http://sbdailysound. blogspot.com/200711 O/santa-barbara-boosts-green- building.html Chicago, IL- requires all residential development to meet energy requirements more stringent than the IL state standard. Palm Desert, CA- requires all new residential development less than 4000 sq. ft. to meet energy requirements 10% beyond Title 24, and residential development greater than 4000 sq. ft. to meet energy requirement IS% beyond Title 24. Santa Monica, CA- requires all new multi-family homes to meet a series of energy efficiency requirements that are IS% above Title 24. http://v.,ww.greenbuildings.santa-monica.org/whatsnew/green-building-ordinancel green- building-Ord-l-S-2002.pdf Austin, TX - recently began adopting a series of building code requirements designed to create net zero energy homes. These are related to duct system leakage, HV AC sizing calculations, new lighting requirements, and building thermal envelope testing. http://action.nwf.orglctlCI_aQwSlIaZd/ CCWG Final Recommendations Report 240f29 April I, 2008 10-33 MANDATORY COMMERCIAL STANDARDS AND ORDINANCES West Hollywood, CA- requires all new commercial development to meet a certain number of points within their custom-made point system. Chicago, IL- requires all commercial development to meet energy code requirements that are more stringent than the IL energy conservation code. Santa Monica, CA- requires all new commercial development to meet energy code requirements that are 15% above Title 24 requirements. Washington, DC- requires LEED certification or LEED silver (depending on the project type) for commercial development above 50,000 sq. ft. htto:l/action.nwf.onr/ctlCd aOw5!IaZc/ Boston, MA- requires LEED certification for commercial development above 50,000 sq. ft. http://www.bostongreenbuilding.org/ Seattle, W A- required all commercial development to meet energy code requirements that are 20% above American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standards. http://v,'viw .seattle. gov /D PD/ stellentl groups/pan/@pan/@codes/@energycode/documents/web_i nformational/2006SECsummary .pdf Santa Barbara, CA- The ordinance mandates building regulations, based on Architecture 2030 principles, which exceed Title 24 requirements by 20 percent for low-rise residential buildings, 15 percent for high-rise residential buildings and 10 percent for nonresidential buildings, among other measures. http://sbdailysound. blogspot.com/2007 /1 O/santa-barbara-boosts-green- building.html CCWG Final Recommendations Report April 1,2008 250f29 10-34 Appendix C: Recommendations from 2000 C02 Reduction Plan Table 6.3 ACTION MEASURES 1. Munit:/p411 c/HlIIue1 vehicle purcIt-. 2. GJwn Power (Rep/af;<<i -Private Fleer Clean Fuel VehIcle Purr:h...- 6Ill1l) 3. MIlllIcJpa! Clean Fuel Demotrstntlon FroJect 4. T..~.mnruling and T~ 5. MunIcIpal Building /JpgnJdes and Trip Reduction IJ. En/wrcfld Pedesl11an Connecllorls To Ttansit T. tncrused Housing DensiIy HeM Tran.sil B. $lt;e Oe$/gn with Transit 0rleIItafJ0n 9. Im:rused LJmd Use IJIi:Jt 10. GI'NII Power Public Education Progtam (RepJaCJld -Reduced C~", "lItfdng RequkemenIJl" 6Illll) 11. $lt;e Duign with Pedest1UnISkyc/fI Orientation 12. Bicycle tnt.>.j,./dion with Transit and Employmenl 13. Bicycle Lanes, Pllths and RouI8s 14. Enets1Y Emc/enl Landscaping 15. Solar Poo/ Heating 15. Tra"'" SIgn/Il and SpI8m Upgrades 17. $Wdent Transit Subsidy 18. Enets1Y Emc/enI Building RecognItion Prognmr 19. N/unidpaJ Life.Cyr;Ie Pun:bulng St4ndatIIs 211 /neIwsed EmpIoymenl DensIty Near Ttansit CCWG Final Recommendations Report April 1, 2008 10-35 26 of 29 Appendix D: Refutinf! the Denialists from the San Diel!:o Union-Tribune CLIMATE CHANGE Refuting denialists: an inconvenient truth By Richard C. J. Somerville 0 July 12,2006 As a climate scientist, I am often asked, "Do you believe in global warming?" Climate change, however, is not a matter of personal belief. Instead, among experts, it's just settled science that people are changing the climate. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC, reported in 2001 that, "There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities." Every reputable scientific organization that has studied the IPCC conclusion has endorsed it. Recent research (http://realclimate.org) reinforces this assessment. The next major IPCC report, due in 2007, is likely to cite more supporting evidence. AI Gore's film and book, "An Inconvenient Truth," do a fine job of summarizing the science. You may agree or disagree with Gore politically, but nobody can deny that he has maintained a serious interest in climate change for some two decades and has become quite knowledgeable about it. For San Diegans, it's a fascinating bit of history that Gore first learned about this issue as a Harvard student in the 1960s. His teacher was our own Roger Revelle. Before moving to Harvard, Revelle had been director of Scripps Institution of Oceanography and a founder of the University of California San Diego. The Earth as a whole is always in approximate energy balance, absorbing energy from sunlight and emitting an equivalent amount of energy to space as infrared radiation. Some infrared energy is emitted directly from the surface of the Earth. The rest is emitted from the atmosphere, by clouds and particles and the gases (chiefly water vapor and carbon dioxide) that contribute to the greenhouse effect. Incidentally, we know that the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased substantially in recent decades, because this increase has been measured very accurately. The measurements were initiated by Charles David Keeling (1928-2005) whom Revelle brought to Scripps Institution of Oceanography in the 1950s. Keeling, who spent his entire career at Scripps, discovered that human activities are changing the chemical composition ofthe global atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is produced by burning fossil fuels. Adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere means that more of the energy emitted to space must come from higher (hence colder) levels of the atmosphere. The Earth will respond to this new situation by warming up, thus emitting more infrared energy, until the equilibrium is restored. CCWG Final Recommendations Report 27of29 April I , 2008 10-36 That's our fundamental scientific understanding. It comes from rock-solid, well- understood physics. Everything else, from heat waves to hurricanes, is fascinating and important, but that is really just the details, scientifically speaking. Working out all the details will take a long time. But a promising start has been made, and climate science can already usefully inform policy. In a similar way, you might say that an ultimate goal of medical science is to eliminate all disease. That this task is incomplete is no reason to treat your physician with disdain. A group of people dispute the scientific consensus. They like to call themselves skeptics. A healthy skepticism, however, is part of being a good scientist, so I am unwilling to surrender this label to them. Instead, I call them denialists. You don't get anything like a balanced view from climate denialists. Their only goal is finding ways why the climate might be resistant to human activities. By and large, these denialists have convinced very few knowledgeable scientists to agree with them. Experience shows that in science, it tends to be the exception rather than the rule when a lone genius eventually prevails over conventional wisdom. An occasional Galileo does come along, but not often, and nearly all the people who think they are a Galileo are actually just wrong. Science is very much a cooperative process and is largely self-correcting. We publish our research methods and our findings in detail and invite other scientists to confirm or disprove them. Incorrect science ultimately gets rooted out and rejected. What of the future? I can imagine both an optimistic and a pessimistic scenario. In my optimistic scenario, climate science informs the making of wise public policy. Technological creativity then leads to rapid development of practical energy alternatives to fossil fuels. We stabilize the Earth's greenhouse effect before it gets too strong. My pessimistic scenario is a different planet, with sea level much higher and dangerously altered weather patterns. You cannot fool nature. Climate science warns us that strengthening the greenhouse effect must eventually produce serious consequences. That's not radical environmental alarmism. It's physics. For me, the issue then becomes one of guessing whether we get wise before that day, or whether we must wait for some shocking and unpleasant climate surprise that wakes us all up. For my children's sake, I hope that the optimistic scenario is the one that develops. The choice is ours to make. Somerville is distinguished professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. CCWG Final Recommendations Report April I, 2008 28 of 29 10-37 Appendix E: Full List of Climate Protection Actions Reviewed bv the Climate Chanl!e Workinl! Group CCWG Final Recommendations Report April!,2008 29 of 29 10-38 Appendix E: CLIMATE PROTECTION MEASURES REVIEWED BY CCWG 1 Promote purchase of renewable energy In community IClEI IPee Portland Fort Collins ICLEI Seattle Ashland ICLEI LGe SF PUC IPCC Boulder htto:/lci.fort- collins.co.uslulilitiesJen Eill:1Im!Q emvDolicv.oho CCP . Example Reduction Measures a Purchase green electricity from solar, geothermal, wind or hydroelectric sources % of total purchased b Provide community with option at purchasing "Green Tags" or "Renewable Energy Certificates" (REG) % participation rate Green-e certified EPA descriolion of Green Taos Bonneville Foundation! Ashland Websile Seallla htto:/IIaC.Ofolccaldocs CCP _ Example Icca enerav factsheet San Francisco pue Reduclion Measures J!Qf htlo://www.bouldercolo radO,aov/index oho?o hllo:/Iwww.locc.chlSPM040507.odf lenl&a c Creation of Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) to facilitate "delivered" renewable energy purchases # of participating customers d Create "Carbon Tax" on conventional energy use Add'j funding amount 2 Promote solar PV & hot water systems in community ICLEI IPee Santa Monica % of potential participants Full time staff & dedicated webslte hIlO:~/www.solar~a~la CCP _ Example momca.com!mamllnde Red ct. M x.hlml U Ion easures : "vole80 0 San Francisco Solar ra/resourcesldownloa Monilorino a Develop comprehensive community solar program to facilitate financing & installation Marin SF pue >- -' .. .. ::> U) >- '" 0: W Z w b Complete a siting sUlVey & ongoing solar monitoring to identify suitable areas Survey entire City using GIS ~ Web presence & sale of 100 pkges c Create community solar trust fund *further details below in efficienc 'I reen buildin section Santa MQ(lica Solar Santa Monica o I (.oJ CO 0: .eere.ener ov.oovffemolservicesl 3 Retrofit buildings with passive solar lighting & heating Navy San Diego # of buildings 4 Promote wind power generation in community Survey entire city using GIS & Wind Monilarino and hllo:llrredc.nrel.oov/wi hUo:/lwww.hullwind.or monitor most promising areas SE.Z2Q ndloubslallaslmaos/ch 9f. a Complete a siting sUlVey & ongoing wind monitoring to identify suitable areas SF PUC htlD:JIwww niceo.com! hlmllenerav.hlml hllo:/lwww.nvoa.oovlfa hllo:llwww.iocc.chlSP ciJitieslhvdros.htm MQ40507.Ddf I: .renewa es hllo:/Iwww.locc.chlSP o orofdocslWeb/Geol M040507.odf b Faciliutate installation of small wind power systems NJ . Clean Energy # of participants IPCC NY Power Authority IPCC San Bernardino 5 Investigate potential for small hydropower generation from water supply # of turbines 6 Investigate potential for geothermal generation Kilowatt Hours 7 Increase use of direct/distributed generation (OG) & co..generatlon using blofuel and waste gas It: .uees rh JJwwwf III ks.com/Suooo.3ae285 ~to: . ue ce s.or andooi ne.com/osdfindex.cfm hllD:l1www l!lelc-AlIs orol ,. IPec Sheraton Hotels IPCC Portland hllD:11www llle;c ...hISPM04 """"" a Hydrogen Fuel Cen Generation % of total energy hllo./lWwwioccchlSPM04 0507,Ddf b Biofuels Fuel Ceil Annual kWh hit .11 "I duf hllD.JlenwikiDfldiaorolwiki/ hIlD:l/en.wikiDegji..Qf.9!'w.il!r' D. cooen.ml.6 Ois!ribulerl oeneralion ~ c Investigate use of DG and co-generation In new community design MIT % incease In efficiency Energy Efficiency 8 Create green building standards for major construction & renovation projects CCWG Final Recommendations Reporl (DRAFT) April,2008 AppeodixD Measures Reviewed by CCWG Appendix E: CLIMATE PROTECTION MEASURES REVIEWED BY CCWG Promote purchase of renewable energy In community a Purchase green electricity from solar, geothermal, wind or hydroelectric sources b Provide community with option of purchasing "Green Tags" or "Renewable Energy Certificates" (REG) c Creation of Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) to facilitate "delivered" renewable energy purchases d Create "Carbon Tax" on conventional energy use 2 Promote solar PV & hot water systems In community Develop comprehensive community solar program to facilitate financing & a installation ..... o I ~ o ~ .. .. :J Ul >- '" 0: UJ Z UJ b Complete a siting survey & ongoing solar monitoring to identify suitable areas c Create community solar trust fund ~furlher details below in efficienc 'I Teen buildin section 3 Retrofit buildings with passive solar lighting & heating 4 Promote wind power generation In community a Complete a siting survey & ongoing wind monitoring to identify suitable areas b Facilititate Installation of small wind power systems 5 Investigate potential for small hydropower generation from water supply 6 Investigate potential for geothermal generation 7 Increase use of direct/distributed generation (DG) & co..generatlon using biofuel and waste gas a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Generation b Blofuels Fuel Cell c Investigate use of DG and co-generation in new community design Energy Efficiency 8 Create green building standards for major construction & renovation projects CCWG Final Recommendations Repon Aprill,2008 ICLEI IPCC Portland Fort Collins ICLEI Seattle Ashland ICLEI LGC SF PUC IPCC Boulder ICLEI IPCC Santa Monica Marin SF PUC Santa Monica Navy San Diego SF PUC NJ - Clean Energy IPCC NY Power Authority IPCC San Bernardino IPCC Sheraton Hotels IPCC Portland MIT % of total purchased % participation rate Green.e certified hllo:llciJort- collins.co.usJulililiesJen Portland eravoolicv.oho EPA descriollon of Green Taas ~ hllo:/JIoc.ora/ccaldocs # of participating customers /cca enerav faclsheet San Francisco pue J><!! Add'l funding amount % of potential participants Full time staff & dedicated website Survey entire City using GIS Web presence & sale of 100 pkges # of buildings CCP - Example Reduction Measures Bonneville F oundalionl Ashland Websile CCP - Example Reduction Measures hllojl\wiw bouldercolo rado.oovlindex.oho?o hllo:lI\wiwJocc. chlSPM040507.odf io com content&ta httD:~Iwww.sola~a~ta CCP _ Example ~~:a.com{malnllnde Reduction Measures 110: .vo eso aLO San Francisco Solar ra/resources/downloa Monitorina Solar Santa Monica .eere.ener av.aov/femo/servicesl Survey entire dty using GIS & Wind Monitorina and monitor most promising areas SE..ZQQ # of participants # of turbines Kilowatt Hours % of total energy Annual kWh % incease in efficiency hUo:llrredc.nrel.aovlwi hllo:llwww.hullwind.or ndloubs/allas/maoslch 91 hUo:/Iwww.niceo.coml htmllenernv.html hllo:flwww.nvoo.aovffa hllo:/Iwww.locc.ch/SP cilitiesl1wdros.hlm M040507.Ddf n a hllo:lfwww.iocc.chJSP a om/docslWeb/Geot M040507.odf It: . e e swor ~...... II k IS 265 hUo:/,......,fuelce s.or s.com uoooaae 9l lIo:lwww.oortan onl ne.com/osdfindex.cfm hllo'IIWww fOAlcells,orol htlo:llcoaen.mil.edul hlloJIwww.ioccchJSPMG4 ~ hl1oJ/en.wikioedia,oralwikil hlto'llen,wikjDedia,oralWik~ DistributedaeneraUon ~ hlhrllwww iocc c/\ISPMG4 0507,Ddf Appendi>c E Meaaures Reviewed by CCWG Appendix E: CLIMATE PROTECTION MEASURES REVIEWED BY CCWG a Require LEED or equivalent standards for commercial or industrial projects Santa Monica Boston b Require LEED or equivalent standards fOf residential projects Santa Monica Boston c Require LEED Of equivalent standards for City-sponsored projects Santa Monica Boston Chula Vista 9 Integrate green building standards Into permitting process a Promote green buildings through municipal programs IGlEI IPCC Chuta Vista-GreenStar IClEI IPee b Adopt strict community-wide energy code requirements c Train City employees at all levels to understand & promote green building Portland ..... o I .j>. ..... c z '" ~ w c .. >- () z w c:; u: u. w >- " 0: w Z w 10 Develop programs to mitigate Urban Heat Island Effects d Provide green building pre-application consultation & user-friendly guidelines Portland e Provide density bonus to green building projects Seattle Arlington Sunnyvale Establish City position for an Energy Specialist to help citizens with EE design San Francisco g Provide energy efficient modeling of large construction projects Chula Vista a Promote cool roof & paving technologies CARB Chicago ICLEI IPCC CARB Los Angeles Chula Vista b Expand urban forests on publiC & private properties 11 Promote energy efficiency to residents In _community a Provide free energy audits to residents ICLEI Chula Vista Austin rCLEI Salem ICLEI SDG&E ICLEt Chuia Vista b Launch an "energy efficiency challenge" campaign c Implement a low-income weatherization program d Promote purchase of ENERGY STAR appliances cCWG Final Recommel1<laUons Report Aprill,2008 % of buildings over specific size ~_smaov net/eodr' hllD:llwww.cilvofbosIOl\9$.! hllo:llwww.lIsabc,orgl lEED certification level w v/b(alnbtrlGBTFhome_aso % of buildings over specific size hllo:llwww.smaOlrnet/eOlII htln:llwww,cilvafboston_oo IlUoJIwww,usabc.oral lEED certification level mH. vlbraiabUIGBTFhome sso % of buildings over specific size llllD-/lwww smaov,nelleodl b.!.!R1&t'tt'!.'t9!'tll..fOOf.!2119!.l lEED certification levet m vlbralablllGBTFhome eso hHa:llwww.chulavistacaoa vlcliv servicesIDeveloome nl SelViceslCommunilv 0 eveloomenIlPOFsr7_ # of participants % over Title 24 Floor Area Ratio FTE position # of buildings/homes kWhfTherm savings Total square feet # of trees planted # of participants # of participants kWhftherm savings kWhlthenn savings kWhlthenn savings ;~se:ceslDevejQgm. hUD:lIwww.iocc.chlSP dinolDeveloamenl SelVicll M040507,odf CCP - Example Reduction Measures CCP - Example Reduction Measures t 0: .00 an onl ne.com/osd/index.dm ? liD: .DO an on I ne.com/osdlindex cfm htlD:/Iwww.locc.chlSP M040507,odf Seattle Densitv Bonus monva.us!l!!P~!lt.!<I..Q!!.Y eoarlmantslFnvironmenlal oartmenlsICommunilv+De Services/eoo/Environment veloomenllPlannina+Divisi alSeNicasFoolncenlivePro ~ hUo/lwww_nacscus/docsli ~IiiliLREEElechco ~ ca aov/dimata adian lee hlloJ/www eoa aovlhealisl m1reanrlsi?OO7_04_ ~ hHo:I/woNw,ariic_edu/webso acesloraeninitiallveslo(eBn ,,"' htto:/IwNw.c1imalechanoe CB_oov/climala action lea hllo 1/wNw mllllonlreesla or hllo Ilwwwchulalrlstaca 00 m1reDOrls/2a~7-~~onre oolmtaboutl,htm vlcleanlconservalioN'Water ~~ ""'" CCP ~ Example Reduction Measures hllo:/Iwww chulavlslar.;i 00 m1Enerov%20EtrlCiencvIPr vldaanlconserva~onlClim" onr"msIRebalesIResiden~ leIEnerav aso aVHome%20Perfonnance CCP ~ Example Reduction Measures hllo:l/wNweoa_QovlRealon llecoleneravleoarov~ lie e.hlml CCP ~ Example Reduction Measures !ll!e;l{www_sdo.ecomlfarm s/enerovTeam_Ddf hllo"/Iwww_chulavistaca_oo vlcleanlconservelionIClima lei e as CCP - Example Reduction Measures Appendbl; E Measures Rev!llwed by CCWG c z " .. w c .. >- o z w U ii: ... w >- '" ll: W Z W ~ o I .J:> N z o >= " 0- ll: o Q. U) Z ~ 0- Appendix E: CLIMATE PROTECTION MEASURES REVIEWED BY CCWG e Provide free CFllight bulbs to City residents kWh savings Provide free fluorescent torchiere lamps 10 City residents ICLEI SDG&E ICLEI $DCWA ICLEI Port Angeles kWh/therm savings kWh savings 9 Promote water conservation through technological & behavioral rnodificiation # of participants h Impement time-of use or peak demand energy pricing 12 Promote energy efficiency to businesses In community a Promote participation in green business program ICLEI San Diego (County) San Ramon Mesa Wilson Chula Vista SDG&E Chula Vista SDG&E ICLEI Chula Vista SDG&E kWh target savings # of participants b Provide free energy audits to local buslosses # of particlpants c Provide free therm-saving retrofits to local businesses Therm target savings d Provide free CFL light bulbs to local businesses 1 Promote Improved vehicle fuel efficiency a Promote purchases of compact & hybrid vehicles IClEI Chula Vista Austin New York Vacaville Boston San Jose IClEI Chuta Vista Grants Pass % of trips in vehicles % of new vehicles % of City Fleet b Offer preferred parking for hybrid vehicles # of dedicated spaces % of total spaces c Use fuel-efficient vehicles (e,g. scooters) for parking enforcement 2 Promote Alternative Fuel Vehicles AFV a Initiate a community biodiesel co-op or fueling station IClEI San Francisco Los An eles Navy San Diego Oakland b Provide a community CNG fueling station c Ensure building codes permit at home CNG fuel stations Chino d Incorporate AFV (electric, biodiesel, ethanol, hydrogen, CNG) into municipal fleet ICLEI Chula Vista Boulder Los An eles % of fleet using AFV 3 Reduce motorized vehicle trl s In communi a InstaH new light rail systems ICLEI Seattle PorUand ICLEI Phoenix # of added routes # of expanded schedules # of lines at15 min intervals # of miles b Expand bus service in range and frequency CCWG Final Recommendalions Report Aprill,2006 CCP - Example Reduction Measures CCP - Example Reduction Measures CCP - Example Reduction Measures CCP - Example Reduction Measures hHD:/lwNwsdcounIvJ<iU12 ~/dehlhmdlareenbusjness bJmI /R . hllD:/lioomtedbn"lderco hIIDJIwww_eoa.oov aOlon us/index.1l11D?DDlion=com ~~ecol" enerhllV/~nerov- conlenl&lask=view&id=S96 '-'I'!!!!!ll9iJl!m! 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"""""" hllD:/1www chutav.iSlace.-oo httoJIwww.wit50rmcorafwit hllD:/Iwww.sdolt.comlbusin v/cleanlconsItNa~onlCllma di Itsslbus eXDressefflClenCII ~~ soneneravleneravaul.asD~ hllD-/lwwwchutavislaca.oo y/ctean/conseNallonlCllma e .as hlto;/Iwww.chutavislaca.oo v/ctltanlconsltNatinnlClima ltl.E~!ID'JW! h\lo:/Icilvofvacavilte r.oml btlO"Iwww_ausltnltn~rav.co doctJmenls/PressRetease mlAbotJl%20UslEn~lfOnme hHD-/lWWW nvc oov/hlml/o! 1030607%20. nlal%101n1llallves/Ptua_ anvc203Olhlmtlhomelhome ~ in%20Hvbrid%2OV!!:!1i.GI!1I.!!'l.!h!rol ndex_hlm aS9ocoa~ boullDress news ctean~eh ran.!p'ot.lal.i2!:llYrlllllt1;.wft!)' iclehlml.hlml bridlindex_hlm CCP - Example Reduction Measures CCP - Example Reduction Measures hllD-J1www nelo.naw_mil/o df caseslP2 Comoressed Natural Gas hUo:/lwNwanrndnnwloubi nfolPublica\jQns/Ad~isOf/20 O6IAdvisorSe 06. CCP - Example Reduction Measures btto:/Iwww.visilorantslUlss., ora/Index asn~?nane=860 hUD:/IwNw.sfbiofuels.o hUo:/lwww_biodiesel. !:9l ~ hHo:llwwwnndnfnaklandc om/newsroomloressrellvie w.es ?id-?l . r toado ,. d oh? r hUlI:/Iwwwlacilvoro/eacVE ao~mex 1I01l.lon=?D t.Q~ !JI CDnlen.l&lask=vlllw&ld= AQOIaf\lahiclfOshlm 167&llernIlFl?O? CCP - Example hllD-/1wNw sellllla_Dnw/lran hllo:llwww.oorUandmatLor Reduction Measures sDOrlalionltlohlmiLhlm 9l CCP - Example hllo:/Iohoenix.oov/PUBUC Reduction Measures TRANStTlinde" hlml Appendix E Measures Re~iewed by CCWG z o 1= ;'! 0: o .. <Jl Z i:! I- ~ o I .,.. (.oJ W <Jl ::l C Z ~ Appendix E: CLIMATE PROTECTION MEASURES REVIEWED BY CCWG c Improve bus speed and timeliness by facilitating fare payment process d Provide Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) e Provide free bus service within center ci "free ride" zone f Provide students/employees with free or discounted transit passes 9 Expand and improve community bicycle infrastructure (lockers, paving, lanes) h Provide free bicycles for public use Create congestion fees for downtown metropolitan zonesJ inc. parking cost Implement a potice on bicycles program k Encourage carpoolinglvanpooling Encourage telecommuting or alternative work schedules 4 Reduce idlln times fOf vehicles a Create "No Idling" codes & policies b Improve traffic signal synchronization 5 limit suburban s rawl a Create growth boundaries through ordinances and general plans b Foster mixed-use development c Foster transit & pedestrian-oriented development d Target new developments to Brownfield sites CCWG Final Recommendations Report Aprill,2008 SeatUe New York San Francisco Alameda County Chica 0 Seattle Portland hllo/lwwwaclransilorolrid hllo:/Ic\.abuslracker_comlbu htlo:flwww.sfmla,colTllcmsl erinfolnexlbus.wu?PHPSE slimeJhome,iso mroules/inmcroul.hfm 7 b7 33b967f7c6fb55a htto://wwoN.sfaov.orols hllo:/IwNw, ridelink.oralSoe l /b . d ?Id cial Promotions and Naw I e ac In eX.aso - ProaremslBike 10 won. 11525 de /index.as hllo://wvMt. visitcooenh aaen comltourisVolan hUo:llnews.bbc.co.ukl and booklhow to ae 2IhileurooeI6899082.s t around/bikes/free ci tm I bikes hllo:/Iwww nvc,lIovlhfmUol htID-/fwww,sfcla.oralconlen 2 ~n'h IIho htto'/Iwww,ccloodon_comli llView/4151241/ a;II~IO.>\N 1m me/llome IllkK.ihlml DeveloomenllRedevp.lonm entICVRCJDefaulf.aso 1I~.:/~_~u:~sla;:a 00 hUo'l/www auslinchllmhar hllo'/Iwww steaov eam/frall : llf;e ~~I~ a eve oom eamfflleCllamber/AboulTh soortafjowBic~eTrafficlP ~~a/~~nnina/Commullilv/ ~~~~ ~LCblkes Floure7 Santa Rosa Philadelphia Albuquerque hl1o:l/ci,sanla-rosa,ca'!!il ICLEI San Francisco #ofmiles # of new lockers CCP - Example Reduction Measures ICLEI Copenhagen Paris CCP - Example Reduction Measures San Francisco New York ICLEI Chula Vista Santa Monica 29 Palms ICLEI San Ramon Portland ICLEI Los Angeles Austin % of patrols CCP - Example Reduction Measures CCP - Example Reduction Measures CCP - Example Reduction Measures ICLEI Spokane Washington ICLEI Santa Clarita S kane # of schools CCP - Example Reduction Measures CCP - Example Reduction Measures ICLEI Chula Vista San Jose CCP - Example Reduction Measures ICLEI Chula Vista CCP - Example Reduction Measures Chula Vista Denver Salt Lake ICLEI Dallas Somerville CCP - Example Reductioo Measures htID-/Iwww.ohilfv.comIDhilll/ IwireslaDin8Ws/sla'e/oenna ld:~~ll:/ .0 ~lohiaS1Udelllswillllelfree~/loborideoass,lIlmt desloschoolollseota.html rllsl hllo:/Iwww_sanlamol"jil<lmQ. lI11o./Iwww.ci_twelllvlline. QIWullils/BikePatrol.lIlm 1li1m!J<iJ!!ilP.~~Ad - menI.41.0,hlmt bllo'/Jw.If:ti.~ ~~Otl ramon ca IIsllransoJfall hi oml1ransoortaliowindexcf mI m?c=diiih "1'-'. IP h!loJ/woNw,ci.auslill.~ ,,110: .acllY,ora ertw, kid load/ 'dad ~ ewor own saul 0 , hllo'llwww.alri_ htlo'/Iwww sookanecleanal ollline,oro/researcMdlillall [,oraldocumelllsl.QD!hultlO !1l.in9.'&2QB@9.Y!m~_ TA%'OSorlna%2006l1(JI' omoendium%20Dec%2006 11 b1llr!~Ji:: IItlo:llwNw,sookanecleallal c1ari~,eamlcilvllalllowllraffi r.ora/documalllslcaolCA~ c1sionalsWlchaso o. hllo:/Iwww.chulavislaca_oo ~~a::~::~I~~~~eloo~,~ 1I110:/~.sanioseca.aol// . . ~1l1!LU1I1!anlllnlllodflsmariullb odf IllolPlalllllllalEllvlromenlal/ documenlslFial-2_odf hlta-/lwwwchulavislaca.ao v/Cil1/ Services/Del/eloom !!.nIService~'yI.'Ji.!L tlI!P.i.~ edd.orolbrowllfie.ds_hlml I1t1D-/Iwww.somervillema,g ovlSection,c'm?oro~econd el/el&oaoe=193 Appemlix E Measures Reyiewed by CCWG Appendix E: CLIMATE PROTECTION MEASURES REVIEWED BY CCWG Establish maximum (vs. minimum) parking requirements Seattle Boston hllo'lIwwwchulavislaca.oo vlcilv services/del/8loome [II services/Plannino Build inolPlannioo/Fnllitomenlall documenls/Fiol-2,Ddf IIlID'/Ilransloolki.'ma~tl!.lP.:ll:ro'iw.siA!t;tl;)!<.Yi.il.Y}./ E':~i~~:~~ mcode/smc153581000hlm w U) ::l C z :5 e Institute programs & policies to preserve open space ICLEt Chula Vista CCP - Example Reduclion Measures Increase rate of re-use/diversion from waste stream b Ex and reen waste collection and re-use residences businesses schools ICLEt San Francisco Santa Monica ICLEI Portland San Francisco % of total waste recycled a Expand recycling programs % total waste diverted c Establish food waste collection/composting program hllo://www,sfrecvclino_com hllo:/lwww~eoarba?eoil C k.omooslinG.lllm om/media ~lxnhn7kll=ann ~ W I- U) ~ b Require municipal purchasing to focus on re-used/recycled products (for both office supplies, and for road building and construction materials) Davis Code in Place hllo'/lwww.meadowlan dS.stale.ni, us/natural resources/solid waste Imethane recoverv.cf m hlto:/lwww.sfenvironm htloJ/www sfenvironm enl orafour oroarams/ enLora/downloadsflibr hllo.JIwww.sm~ov.nelleodl . .. ,IluSlness/contamer reashl lnlerests.hlml?ssl-3&1I arv/2hfoodservlceware m 6&il-127 Oier0507. df hUo:/lwww.cilv. davis.c a.usfcmolcilvcode/del ail.cfm?o-15&a-473 2 Reduce amount of waste generated San Diego New Jersey a Create municjpal ordinance requiring recyclablefcompostable food containers in take-out restaurants (banning styrofoam) San Francisco Santa Monica o I """ """ c Develop building material recycling program Ft. Collins Boulder New York hllo'lIwww.resourceva rd.oral htto:/lwww.resourceva rd,orafcamet recvclin 11IlQ;llwwW~ """'" d Implement a municipal sales tax on plastic bags Vancouver Ireland Code in Place blli!.i~..9.I1@Q!Y.'{.@.I)~Yy hUo-JIwww revenue ieti er calnews oho?lvoe=2&id ndex.htm?/revauide/e =106 nvironmentaflew.htm 3 Establish methane recovery at landfill IClEI Chula Vista San Diego hllo:/lwww.suntimes.com/n ewslmetrol50898? CST NWS-waler14,arllcle hllo:/lwww.sandieao.a hUo:/Iwww.meadowlan ov/environmentat- dS.stale nl Us~naIural hl1o:/~:sandilloo.oov/m servicesfsuslainablefo resources/solid waste ~'tiatives/enerQy shl dflohainventOlV.odf Imethane recoverv.cf ffi! m hllo:/Iwww,sandieoo,oovlm dlacilitie oli uhtml e Implement a municipal sales tax on bottled water Chicago (proposed) 5 Reduce water use IClEI San Diego Santa Monica Phoenix Alama ordo % reduction hllo'/loencisanla. monica,ca. e res' M1Btllrlindllxhlm hllo'lIcialam()(]Dfdo.nmusl t hllo:/Iol1oenix.aovIWATERI Waler Conserva ater Ilns~ CanselVation OVlllViewh bn 4 Install an anaerobic digester at local wastewater treatment plant a Collaborate with water authorities to establish shared conservation goals/ ro rams 0: W ~ b Investigate broader use of reclaimed water Austin largo Tuscan hllo:llohoenixnovlWATERI wa!grm!!.J:!!m! hll 1/wNw' r Ix s/w hlt :/209.43. 25. 001 e hll 'lIwww . \u sI . 0: .cl.aus)n..u tmenlldivlsion.aso?lDD=6. 0 ..C!. C50f1.aZ.U ~ ~Q water/reclaimed walerhlm hllo:/Ici,alamoaordo.nm.usl hllo'/Iohoenix.oovIWATERI Waler ConservalionlWaler walernln.html Conse~mim.h 'm Phoenix c Prioritize water conservation in municipal code Alamagordo d Require new buildings/developments to plan for grey or recycled water systems Chula Vista Phoenix hllo:Ilnhoenix.oovIWATFRI hllo'/I'www ol>lvwal"'f oov/~ wa\ernlnhbnl dI 0 ,Ion eslNewsStorv.aSOX?ld~l00 e Require buildings to obtain a "water conservation certificate" upon change of ownership San Diego hl1o:/Iwww.sandi&Oooovlw alerlconservationlsellino.sh Om' CCWG Final Recommendations Report Aprill,2008 Appendix E Measures Reviewed by CCWG Appendix E: CLIMATE PROTECTION MEASURES REVIEWED BY CCWG 6 Develop renewable energy pumping programs Australia Mexico identification of off-grid pumps, estb. of renewable pumping 5 tern hUo'lIoenr:i.santa. hllo"/iwlrwwssndia.oovlmed m nj I ja/NewsReVNR:;>OOOJMe_re lWaterflndex.hlm new,htm ~iD!!: huncllwwN.sandie.lIovlmed monica.ca.us/endfresidents ia/NewsReVNR7000JMexre /Water/index,hlm new.hlm a Re-apply pumping program to golf course/large landscaping~type situations 7 Work for hi her saturation of water conservation measures Santa Monica New Mexico '" ~ ~ b Integrate water conservation measures into CES energy assessments Chula Vista hllo-llwwwr.hulaviSlacaoo v/cleanlconservationIWaler shedIWaler,as hllD-{1wwwch"lavlslaca00 vlcleanfconservallonIWaler shedIWaler,as htlo/llNwwci.8ustintx.usJn hIlD:lIwww.sIIW8.COmlhtmll ewsl2007lwalenna rules hi drouaht walenno,hlml m hlto:/1wNw naoluoov com{ hlloJIwww eoa C10vlwalets landscaoeCetlFAQ.odf ~i/lII:m!:l1UlJ! htlo-/1wNw sweelwaler oral hlllrl/www_otavwalet oov/o education/education.hlml ;::':~:~~esd~callon!educat a Promote Water Authority's free water audit program Chula Vista c Develop residential watering schedule d Require Landscape Companies to obtain certification showing that they have completed water management BMP course e Promote educational tours of water resources for publid students to encourage behavioral modification improve visibility of water conservation on city website/collatorallpublicity Nevada Austin Naples EPA Sweetwater San Diego Miami-Dade Denver htl"/ a"d conservatiOn! hl1o-l/wwwdenverwale(Q( " ~ C) I """ U1 CCWG Final Recommendallons Report April1,2008 Appendix E Measures Reviewed by CCWG ~\ft.- --- ~""~~ - - -- mY OF CHUlA VISTA 2005 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY Brendan Reed Michael Meacham Roman Partida-Lopez SUMMARY Since the early 1990s, Chula Vista has been engaged in multiple climate change forums including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol Conference. As a result of this initial involvement, the City was the fIrst local government with fewer than I million residents to become a founding member of ICLEI - the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives - and its Cities for Climate Protection campaign. Through the campaign, Chula Vista adopted and implemented a Carbon Dioxide (C02) Reduction Plan which assessed its 1990 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and outlined actions to decrease emissions by 20% by 20 I O. The 2005 GHG Emissions Inventory is the fIrst formal evaluation of the City's progress in reaching its emissions goals. The 2005 inventory indicates that Chula Vista's annual citywide GHG levels have increased by 35% since 1990 due primarily to residential growth. While this represents a signifIcant challenge in reaching the City's 2010 cornmunity emissions goal, the City did make signifIcant progress in reducing annual per capita emissions by 17% between the two inventory years and avoiding nearly 200,000 tons of GHG emissions annually. In addition, GHG emissions from municipal sources decreased by 18% mainly due to energy-effIcient traffic signal retrofIts. To reach the community and municipal emission reduction targets outlined in the CO2 Reduction Plan, the City must decrease annual emissions by at least 389,963 and 377 tons, respectively. INTRODUCTION The City of Chula Vista's Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Inventory for calendar year 2005 was compiled and calculated using the ICLEI Cities for Climate Protection protocol and its supporting software (Version 1.1). The protocol provides local governments with an opportunity to collect and analyze their community's GHG emissions in a cost-effective manner without third-party consultants to verify the data. The inventory provides the supporting data and tools for shaping policy and regulations that address the City's climate change goals. However, it should be noted that without the third party verifIcation, required by the California Climate Action Registry, the protocol cannot be used to satisfy state-mandated emission caps or for carbon trading. The State is promoting carbon trading as a fInancial incentive to encourage entities to reduce emissions and to help California meet new GHG emission targets being established by the California Air Resources Board. Carbon reductions on the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) are currently trading at approximately $3.50 per metric ton. The ICLEI Protocol separates emissions into two major analyses, community and municipal. The community analysis represents the quantity of GHG emissions produced throughout the entire City from both public and private sectors. The municipal analysis only represents 2005 GHG Inventory RepOrl- Final 10-46 10f9 emissions from City facilities and operations. In both analyses, the protocol evaluates emissions from three main parameters - energy consumption, transportation and waste. It is important to clarify that these data parameters are based solely on end use or net results. For example, recycling program improvements would be reflected in the data by lower annual solid waste disposal tonnage not increased diversion rates. Similarly, the City's emissions from electricity are calculated based on the total kilowatts used, not the kilowatts saved in City programs or the emissions output of the South Bay Power Plant. Although there are six GHGs outlined in the Kyoto Protocol - carbon dioxide (C02), methane (C~), nitrous oxide (N20), hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) - the ICLEI protocol calculates emissions based on Equivalent CO2 or eC02 which allows emissions of different strengths to be added together. F or example, one ton of methane emissions is equivalent to 21 tons of carbon dioxide (or eC02) in global warming potential. A major reason for performing a 2005 GHG emissions inventory was to assess the City's progress in achieving its emission reduction targets. In 2000, the City approved a CO2 Reduction Plan which outlined 20 actions the City could undertake to help reach its target of 80% of 1990 emission levels by 2010. Because a different protocol was originally used in calculating 1990 levels, the raw data was re-entered using the current ICLEI protocol and software. Although this has modified 1990 emission values, it creates an opportunity to more accurately compare 1990 and 2005 levels and to more effectively gauge the City's progress. ICLEI staff has confirmed this approach as the more accurate methodology. RESULTS With the assistance of ICLEI, and under the guidance of the California Climate Action Registry, City staff collected raw data from a number of municipal and external sources, including Parameter Analysis Source Notes South Bay Power Plant & Main SI. Peaker Communfty SDG&E Plant were not included in Industrial Sector's natural gas totals in order to avoid double Energy countina emissions Municipal SDG&E Energy consumption was categorized by buildings, outdoor lighting, and wastewater Average weekday Vehicle Miles Traveled Community SANDAG (VMT) was extrapolated from 2004 data (excluding freeway traffic) and converted to Transportation Annual VMT Municipal City Fleet Fuel consumption totals include transit and equipment use County of San Data includes waste disposal from Chula Community Vista residents and businesses at ail County Diego landfills Waste Municipal Allied Waste Data includes trash hauled by Allied Waste Services Services and by City staff Table 1: Data sources for community and municipal emissions analyses. 2005 GHG Inventory Report - Final 10-47 20f9 SANDAG, San Diego Gas & Electric and the Public Works Department (Table I). In most cases, 2005 data was directly available from these sources. However, it was necessary to extrapolate 2005 data from 2004 values in some limited cases. Standard ICLEI software defaults were utilized for emission co-efficients, electricity resource mix, and waste type percentages. Community Inventory In 2005, community GHG emissions from Chula Vista totaled 960,639 tons eC02 (Table 2, Figure I). The sector with the greatest amount of emissions (approximately 48%) was transportation or mobile sources (Figure 2). The residential sector was the second highest source producing about 28% of total community emissions from energy use, followed by the commercial (20%) and industrial (4%) sectors. Because of the high methane recovery rates at County landfills, the community did not have significant emissions from solid waste disposal. 1000 .. ..1 c 0_ SOD .- .. .. c .f! 0 EI- 600 W , N"" o C l,) :: 30 .. = - 0 20 '".s;; =1- c- 10 c <C 0 Municipal Community Analysis Type Figure 1 : Total GHG emissions for 1990 and 2005 in community and municipal analyses. Dashed line represents 20 I 0 reduction target. 1990 2005 - Residential ~ Commercial - Industrial = Transportation Figure 2: Sector contributions to community GHG emissions in 1990 and 2005. 2005 GHG Inventory Report - Final 10-48 30f9 CITY OF CHULA VISTA. COMMUNITY ANALYSIS Metncs 1990 2005 % Change Population 135,136 217,543 61% Housing Units 49,849 73,115 47% Land Area (Acres) 18,558 33,024 78% Annual Vehicle Miles 465,342.150 699,180,400 50% Traveled (VMT) Residential 2,438,260 3,416,724 40% Energy Use Commercial 767,716 2,305,220 200% (MMBtu) Industrial 1,342,551 485,504 -64% Total 4,548,547 8,207,448 36% Solid Waste (Tons) 179,986 217,459 21% Annual Greenhouse Gas (GHG) EmiSSIons (eC02 - Tons) 1990 2005 % Change Per Capita 5.3 4.4 ~17% Per Housing Unit 14.3 13.1 .8% Per Acre 38.4 29.1 -24% Transportation 362,076 459,667 27% Residential 182,274 265,555 46% Commercial 61,755 192,320 211% Energy Use Industrial 107,240 43,097 -60% Total 351,269 500,972 43% Solid Waste 0 0 0% Total GHG Emissions 713,345 960,639 35% 20% GHG Reduction Goal Reductions Needed To Reach Goal Table 2: Summary of community GHG inventory metrics and emission levels for 1990 and 2005. Chula Vista's 2005 GHG emissions levels were 35% greater than 1990 levels. There were overall emissions increases in all sectors, except industrial (Figure 3). The City's transportation and residential sector emissions increased by approximately 27% and 46%, respectively, while emissions from commercial businesses increased by 211% from 1990 to 2005. The industrial sector emissions had a 60% reduction between the two inventory years from 107,240 to 43,097 annual tons most likely due to more accurate energy tracking in 2005 (see page 7). Similar to the 2005 inventory, emissions from solid waste disposal at County landfills were not significant in 1990. lJ) 500 e: 0 Ii> 'w e: 400 lJ) 0 'E I- w 300 N-o o e: U ::l 200 .. " - 0 '".c: 100 "l- e:_ e: <( 0 Resi Comm Ind Trans Community Sectors Figure 3: Total community GHG emissions for 1990 and 2005 by sector. 2005 GHG Inventory Report - Final lJ) 50 e: 0 'u;- 40 lJ) lJ) .- e: E 0 30 wt:. N_ 0'2 20 U::l .. - iii .. " a.. 10 e: e: <( 0 Per Capita Household Acre Employee Community & Municipal Indicators Figure 4: Per capita, household, acre and employee contributions to GHG emissions in 1990 and 2005. 10-49 40f9 Although there was an increase in total community emissions, the rate of GHG emissions per person, per household and per acre decreased (Figure 4). The per capita emissions rate was lowered 17% from 5.3 to 4.4 tons annually. Per household emissions were reduced 8% from 14.3 to 13.1 tons, while emissions per acre decreased 24% from 38.4 to 29.1 tons. Nonetheless, in order to achieve the City's 2010 GHG reduction target, annual community emissions would be required to be reduced by at least an additional 389,963 tons eC02. Municipal Inventory Chula Vista's 2005 municipal GHG emISSIOns were 19,432 tons eC02 (Table 3, Figure 1). Similar to the community analysis, the majority of municipal emissions were from transportation sources representing 54% of total emissions (Figure 5). Energy use for building and outdoor lighting created 31% and 15% of total emissions, respectively. Emissions from sewage and solid waste operations were not significant in the 2005 municipal analysis. CITY OF CHULA VISTA. MUNICIPAL ANALYSIS MetriCS Annual Greenhouse Gas (GHG) EmISSIOns (eC02 Tons) 1990 2005 % Change 1990 2005 % Change Employees 866 1,198 38% Per Employee 27.5 16.2 -41% Vehicle Fleet Fuel Use (Gallons or Equivalent) 478,344 1,102,819 131% Vehicle Fleet 5,115 10,432 104% Buildings 35,527 70,790 99% Buildings 3,057 6,085 99% External 147,100 27,780 -81% External 14,923 2,888 -81% Lights Lights Energy Use Energy Us (MMStu) Sewage 7,122 257 -96% Sewage 723 27 -96% Total 189,749 98,827 -48% Total 18,703 9,000 .52% Solid Waste (Tons) 5,400 6,603 22% Solid Waste 0 0 0% Total GHG Emissions 23,818 19,432 -18% 20% GHG Reduction Goal Reductions Needed To Reach Goal Table 3: Summary ofmunieipal GHG inventory metries and emission levels for 1990 and 2005. 2005 GHG Inventory Report - Final 10-50 50f9 1990 2005 - Buildings -Fleet - Streetlights c=:::J Sewage Figure 5: Sector contributions to municipal GHG emissions in 1990 and 2005. When compared to 1990 levels, GHG emissions from municipal operations decreased by 4,386 tons or 18% and emissions levels per City employee (permanent, full-time) decreased 41 %. This reduction was mainly caused by lower energy consumption in the external lighting sector (Figure 6). Emissions from external lighting energy use (includes streetlights and traffic signals) decreased 81% from 14,923 tons to 2,888 tons due to an energy-efficient retrofit program implemented by the Engineering Department, Public Works Department and the Environmental Resource Manager in the mid-1990s. Sewage sector emissions also decreased by 96% resulting in only 27 tons eC02 being produced in 2005. However, this reduction is most likely due to differences in how pump station energy meters were segregated out of the dataset. Both building and transportation sectors approximately doubled their 2005 emissions compared to 1990 levels. Similar to the 2005 inventory, emissions from solid waste disposal at County landfills were not significant in 1990. .. 16000 c o 14000 .; .. 12000 ~ Ii) 10000 Cf 2; 8000 () 1::. 6000 .. iU 4000 ::l 2 2000 <( 0 Building Fleet Ext. Lights Sewage Municipal Inventory Components Figure 6: Total municipal GHG emissions for 1990 and 2005 by sector. To achieve the City's 2010 GHG reduction target, annual municipal emissions would be required to be reduced by at least an additional 377 tons eC02 DISCUSSION Since the mid-1990s, the City of Chula Vista has been implementing programs and policies to lower GHG emissions from municipal operations and the community through its CO2 Reduction Plan (Table 4). Of the Plan's 20 actions, eighteen measures have been implemented. Twelve of these measures were focused on reducing community-level emissions. These actions dealt with lowering the community's dependence on personal motorized vehicle use and reducing energy 2005 GHG Inventory Report - Final 10-51 60f9 demand in new construction through "Smart Growth" land use and planning and voluntary energy efficiency programs. Despite successfully incorporating these "Smart Growth" measures into many new neighborhoods' design and construction, overall GHG emissions from the Chula Vista community increased from 1990 to 2005 in most sectors. Only industrial sector emissions were reduced during this time period. However, because commercial and industrial energy use could not be segregated in the 1990 inventory, their individual emission contributions had to be estimated. Therefore, reductions in industrial sector emissions are most likely due to more accurate energy consumption tracking in 2005. If commercial and industrial emission levels are combined in each inventory year, there was an overall 39% increase in emissions from the combined sectors between 1990 and 2005. Emissions Reduction Measure Focus # Description Status 1 Purchase of Alternatiye Fuel Vehicles Ongoing 2 Green Power Purchases Suspended/Ongoing Municipal 3 Municipal Clean Fuel Demonstration Project Ongoing 5 Municipal Building Upgrades & Trip Reduction Ongoing 16 Traffic Signal & System Upgrades Ongoing 19 Municipal Life-Cycle Purchasing Standards Ongoing 4 Telecommutina & Telecenters Closed 6 Enhanced Pedestrian Connections to Transit Onqoinq 7 Increased Housina Densitv Near Transit Onaaina 8 Site Desiqn w/ Transit Orientation Onqainq 9 Increased Land Use Mix Onaaina 10 Green Power Public Education Proqram Onqainq Community 11 Site Desian w/ Pedestrian/Bicycle Orientation Onaaina 12 Bicycle Inteqratian w/ Transit & Employment Onaaina 13 Bicycle Lanes Paths, & Routes Onaoina 14 Enerqy Efficient Landscapinq Onaoina 15 Solar Pool Heatina Not Implemented 17 Student Transit Subsidy Not Imolemented 18 GreenStar - Eneray Efficient Buildina Praaram Onqainq 20 Increased Employment Densitv Near Transit Onaoina Table 4: Current implementation status of the Chula Vista CO, Reduction Plan's 20 Actions. From 1990 to 2005, the City experienced tremendous growth both in population and geography. Population increased by 80,000 new residents or 61 %, and the number of households increased to 73,115 units. The City's land area also expanded by 78% with the incorporation of 13,037 additional acres. Despite this growth, there was significant progress at the community-level in reducing GHG emissions on a per capita, per household and per acre basis. It is estimated that if the City had not implemented the C02 Reduction Plan, 2005 emissions could have totaled over 1.1 million tons eC02 (192,000 tons or 20% above actual 2005 emissions). Six measures under the CO2 Reduction Plan were adopted to target emissions from municipal operations and facilities. Again, the measures were primarily focused on lowering fossil fuel use and improving energy-efficiency. The City also had the most direct control over implementing these measures through its policy requirements, program budget appropriations and capital 2005 GHG Inventory Report - Final 10-52 7of9 improvement projects. As a result, the City has made significant gains in reducing GHG emissions in its own facilities and operations from 1990 to 2005. The largest emissions reduction was from upgrading traffic and pedestrian signals with LED lamps. Conversely, emissions from building energy use and fleet fuel consumption increased despite improvements to building energy-efficiency and expanded alternative fuel and energy use. Although emissions from municipal sources only comprised about 1 % - 2% of the total community-level emissions in both inventory years, the City's success in achieving reductions is a notable accomplishment and demonstrates how targeted measures can produce significant C02 reductions. In addition, these measures required minimal or no initial investment and continue to produce long-term financial savings for the City. NEXT STEPS The 2005 GHG emissions inventory report is the first step in the City's effort to assess its emissions reduction progress and to redefine polices and programs required to reach its 2010 reduction commitment. With this report, the Conservation & Environmental Services Department has the information needed to work collaboratively with other City departments, community groups, residents and businesses to develop a list of options and recommendations that the City could pursue to attain its 2010 GHG reduction goals. The following list, adapted from ICLEI's Cities for Climate Protection program, provides examples of effective GHG reduction programs and policies implemented by local governments and may serve as a reference for future City actions. It should be noted that Chula Vista has initiated some of these measures already to varying extents. BUILDING-RELATED ENERGY Municipal Building Energy Efficiency & Conservation o Install energy-efficient exit sign lighting o Perform energy-efficient lighting retrofits o Install occupancy sensors o Perform heating, cooling and ventilation system retrofits (e.g., chillers, boilers, fans, pumps, belts, fuel-switching from electric to gas heating) o Install green or reflective roofing o Improve water pumping energy efficiency Community Building Energy Efficiency & Conservation o Launch an "energy efficiency challenge" campaign for community residents o Adopt strict residential or commercial energy code requirements o Implement a low-income weatherization program o Promote the purchase of ENERGY STAR appliances from Chula Vista businesses o Promote participation in a local green business program o Install solar water heating at community swimming pools o Promote water conservation through technological and behavioral modification o Implement district heating and cooling o Implement time-of-use or peak demand energy pricing o Install energy-efficient cogeneration power production facilities Outdoor Lighting 2005 GHG Inventory Report - Final 10-53 80f9 o Install energy-efficient streetlights (e.g., high pressure sodium, LED) o Decrease daily operation time of streetlights Renewable Energy o Install solar panels on municipal facilities o Promote or require community clean energy use through on-site renewable technologies o Offer incentives to foster solar PV installations in the community o Use Community Choice Aggregation to fund and promote the transition to renewable energy TRANSPORT AnON VehicIe Fuel Efficiency o Retire older, inefficient fuel vehicles o Purchase fuel efficient (e.g., hybrid) and/or smaller fleet vehicles o Utilize fuel-efficient vehicles (e.g., scooters) for parking enforcement o Promote community purchases of compact and hybrid vehicles Alternative Fuels o Utilize biodiesel in municipal fleet and City contractor vehicles o Utilize ethanol in municipal fleet and City contractor vehicles o Utilize electric vehicles in municipal and City contractor fleets o Utilize compressed natural gas in municipal and City contractor fleets o Utilize hydrogen or fuel cell vehicles in municipal fleet o Initiate a community biodiesel purchasing co-op or fueling station Trip Reduction / Transportation Demand Management o Encourage car-pooling or van-pooling by municipal employees and City contractors o Encourage telecommuting by municipal employees and City contractors o Encourage use of mass-transit by municipal employees and City contractors o Promote car-pooling, telecommuting and the use of mass-transit by community members o Provide high school students with complementary bus tickets o Expand local or regional bus service in range and/or frequency o Install new light rail systems o Implement bus rapid transit programs o Expand community bicycle infrastructure (e.g., dedicated bicycle lanes, additional bicycle parking spaces) o Provide free bicycles for public use o Institute a "safe routes to school" program LAND USE o Institute growth boundaries, ordinances or programs to limit suburban sprawl o Target new development to brownfield sites o Foster downtown neighborhood development o Plant shade trees 2005 GHG Inventory Report - Final 10-54 90f9 RESOLUTION NO. 2008- RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CHULA VISTA ACCEPTING THE CHULA VISTA CLIMATE CHANGE WORKING GROUP'S FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS REPORT, ADOPTING RECOMMENDATIONS #1 AND #2 AS AMENDED BY STAFF AND DIRECTING STAFF TO RETURN TO COUNCIL WITHIN 90 DAYS WITH MORE DETAILED RECOMMENDATIONS REGARDING ITEMS #3-5 AND #7 WHEREAS, in 2000, the Chula Vista City Council voted to adopt the City's Carbon Dioxide Reduction Plan establishing the goal of reducing the City's greenhouse gas (GHG) or "carbon" emissions 20 percent below 1990 levels by 2010; and WHEREAS, the 2005 GHG Emissions Inventory was the first formal evaluation of the City's progress in reaching its emissions goals; and WHEREAS, in May 2007, City staff reported to City Council that Chula Vista's citywide GHG emissions had increased by 35 percent (mainly due to residential growth) from 1990 to 2005, while emissions from municipal operations decreased by 18 percent; and WHEREAS, as a result of its 2005 GHG Emissions Inventory Report, the City Council directed staff to convene a Climate Change Working Group (CCWG) to develop recommendations to reduce the community's GHG emissions or "carbon footprint" in order to meet the its 2010 GHG emissions reduction targets; and WHEREAS, the CCWG was convened under the direction of the City Council's International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) representatives, Councilmember Castaneda and Councilmember McCann, who serve as the City's Climate Change Subcommittee; and WHEREAS, the Subcommittee and their staff took an active role in establishing the private sector categories on the Working Group, submitting participant names and reviewing all potential representatives; and WHEREAS, the final ten-member group included seven Chula Vista residents, three participants who lived elsewhere but were involved in the Chula Vista community, and three ex- officio members with strong interests in Chula Vista's climate reduction actions; and WHEREAS, to help direct the group in their task of identifying effective emissions reduction strategies, City staff provided them with the following five primary principles in developing their reaommendations: (I) the measure had been previously implemented successfully by an ICLEI local government or California Climate Action Registry business; (2) the measure would be financially feasible (i.e. require little or no additional General Fund support; (3) the measure could be quickly implemented to have immediate impact on the City's J:\AtlorneyIJILLM\RESQS\Climate Change Wrkg Group Report_ 04-OI-OS.doc 10-55 Resolution No. 2008- Page 2 efforts to reduce emissions by 2010; (4) the measures' impacts could be quantified using the City's emissions inventory protocol; and, (5) the measure would not cause a significant adverse community impact; and WHEREAS, the CCWG has completed its review of these measures and has selected seven measures listed below which it feels should be implemented to further lower the community's carbon emissions by the City's commitment to reduce GHG emissions: 1. Require that 100 percent of the replacement vehicles purchased for the municipal fleet be high efficiency (hybrid) or alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs); 2. Encourage City-contracted fleet operators to adopt the use of high efficiency (hybrid) or alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) by stipulating that 100% of replacement vehicle purchases be alternative fuel or hybrid vehicles; 3. Require Chula Vista-licensed businesses to participate in an energy assessment of their physical premises every 3 years and upon change of ownership; 4. Adopt community-wide green building standards that are comprehensive in coverage and mandatory. New and substantially remodeled structures will be required to be built to LEED Silver or to an equivalent third party certification green building program standard, with the effect of having an energy efficiency impact of at least 20 percent over Title-24; 5. Facilitate widespread installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on commercial, residential and municipal facilities by developing and implementing a solar energy conversion program. Proactively enforce existing codes requiring pre-plumbing for solar hot water; 6. Facilitate "Smart Growth" around the H Street, E Street and Palomar Street Trolley Stations; and, 7. Coordinate with Otay Water District, San Diego County Water Authority and the Sweetwater Authority to convert turf lawns to xeriscape. WHEREAS, the CCWG's final recommendations were written collaboratively by Working Group members and incorporate responses to questions and comments raised by the public and City staff during their meetings; and WHEREAS, the recommendations represent a powerful strategy that, if followed, could slow the rate at which the City's GHG emissions increase in the future and may ultimately help to lower emissions below 1990 levels; and WHEREAS, the CCWG's recommendations vary in their level of required City commitment (i.e. staff time, funding, new programs/policies) and their impact on GHG emissions (i.e. reduction magnitude and timeframe); and WHEREAS, to assist the City Council in evaluating the recommendations, City staff has analyzed the recommendations' potential effectiveness in reducing emissions and the required next steps for implementation and included their own recommendations on how certain measures could be amended to improve their effectiveness; and J:\AllorneyVILLM\RESOS\Climate Change Wrkg Group Repon_04-01-0g.doc 10-56 Resolution No. 2008- Page 3 WHEREAS, as a result of their evaluation, City staff recommends the following amendments to the CCWG recommendations: 1. Staff recommends that it be provided with the flexibility to test and phase in alternative fuels, hybrid and/or electric vehicles into public safety vehicles and large equipment classes to ensure that they are operationally-practical and technically-feasible. 2. City staff recommends amending this measure to require City-contracted fleet operators to fully incorporate hybrid and AFV as their fleet vehicles are replaced when new contracts are negotiated or existing contracts are extended. The requirement would only pertain to vehicle classes in which there is an operationally-practical, technically-feasible hybrid or alternative fuel option. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED the City Council of the City of Chula Vista does hereby accept the Chula Vista Climate Change Working Group's Final Recommendations Report. BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the City Council does hereby adopt recommendations #1 and #2 as amended by staff and direct staff to return to Council within ninety days with more detailed recommendations regarding items #3-5 and #7. Presented by Approved as to form by ....--.... / Michael Meacham Director of Conservation and Environmental Services JlAltorney\JILLM\RESOSIClimale Change Wrkg Group Report_04-01-0S.doc 10-57