HomeMy WebLinkAboutRCC AGENDA PK 1990/09/24August 9, 1990
TO: The Honorable Mayor and City Council
VIA: John D. Goss, City Manager 22 /
FROM: John P. Lippitt, Director of Public Wo~~k~
SUBJECT: Indoor Pest Control For City Facilities
Referral #2023
At the June 19, 1990 meeting, Council referred to staff and
the Resource Conservation Commission the issue of pesticide
use in and around City facilities. Council requested the
following information:
1) Additional information on type and toxicity of pesticides
used by the contract company (see Exhibit A and B)
2) Development of a policy on the indoor use of pesticides
and a mechanism for informing employees of the use of the
chemicals (see Recommendations below)
3) Evaluation of alternate methods of pest control other
than chemicals (see Exhibit C)
FINDINGS
1) The pesticide products used by the pest control
contractor, Commercial of California, in City facilities
contain chemicals of toxicological concern. Exposure to
organophosphate and carbamate pesticides as well as to the
solvent-base carrier can affect the central nervous and
respiratory systems.
2) The specific risk to employee and public health is
difficult to determine due to varying conditions surrounding
each application and insufficient information on the
toxicity of specific pesticides.
3) Although applicators are required by law to make
applications according to the label directions, this does
not eliminate the risk of human exposure. Cases of
pesticide poisoning have been reported in situations where
the chemicals were properly applied.
4) An alternative method of pest control which utilizes a
variety of methods and minimizes pesticide use is known as
Integrated Pest Management (IPM). An IPM program must be
designed for the specific pests and conditions found in City
facilities. The IPM approach can be implemented immediately
but will take three to six months to fully develop.
5) The current contractor employs some elements of an IPM
program, such as inspection of sanitation and building
conditions, but does not utilize many of the less-toxic
alternatives. The current contractor is willing to assist
the City in implementing an IPM program.
RECOMMENDATIONS
In order to reduce the use of pesticides in City facilities
and reduce the risk of chemical exposure for employees and
the general public, staff recommends adoption of the
following policy on indoor pest control:
I) Implement an integrated pest management policy for indoor
pest control in public facilities over the next six months,
in conjunction with the contractor. Train janitorial and
maintenance personnel on prevention and monitoring of pests.
2) Select an indoor pest control contractor who will assist
in the implementation of the IPM program and will utilize.
Require the City's contractor to utilize less-toxic methods
and chemicals whenever possible.
3) Provide information to employees on prevention of pests.
Encourage employees not to eat food or collect cans in their
work areas.
4) Minimize the use of organophosphate and carbamate
pesticides. Limit application of the more toxic pesticides
to "emergency" situations where less-toxic alternatives have
already been tried without success. Use the more-toxic
pesticides only on the outside of buildings as a way to
prevent the entry of pests.
5) Whenever possible, apply pesticides on a Friday evening.
Always have a janitor accompany the applicator to show
him/her the specific sites of infestation. In the Library,
override the ventilation system and allow it to run all
night in order to air out the pesticide vapors. (This entire
recommendation is already implemented).
6) Inform employees of pesticide applications by posting
notices at least 24-hours prior to application and for at
least 48 hours after application. Notification shall
include posting of notices with information on: the type of
pesticide; common acute health effects; and the date and
place of application. If possible, allow employees who are
"sensitive" to pesticides to work in an alternate location.
7) Gather further information on less-toxic pest control for
the purpose of improving the City's pest control program...
The following low-cost and free resources may be useful:
Bio-Integral Resource Center (Berkeley, CA) publishes the
"Common Sense Pest Control Quarterly," the best source of
information on IPM. This non-profit provides consultation
and training when requested.
County of San Diego Vector Control Services has professional
staff who are familiar with integrated pest management.
City staff met with Vector Control staff in preparation of
this report.
U.C. Cooperative Extension Farm and Home Advisor provides
information on controlling specific pests with and without
chemicals.
TOXICOLOGY OF PESTICIDES
The City's current pest control contractor, Commercial of
California, uses a variety of pesticide products to control
ants, fleas, cockroaches, and other common indoor pests.
The products used in City facilities include the following
types of pesticides: organophosphate, carbamate, pyrethrin,
and boric acid. In addition to the "active" pesticide
ingredient, these products may also contain "inert"
ingredient(s) which are of toxicological concern. (See
Exhibit A)
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) states that no
pesticide is "safe" and EPA registration of a pesticide
product is not a guarantee of safety. Research on pesticide
toxicity has centered on acute (immediate) symptoms of
poisoning. Most pesticides have not been thoroughly tested
for their potential to cause chronic health effects (cancer,
birth defects, etc.) or for their effects on the nervous and
immune systems.
The risk to human health from exposure to any pesticide is
difficult to determine because of varying conditions
surrounding each application and insufficient information on
the toxicity of specific pesticides. The risk varies
depending upon the method of application, the nature and
toxicity of the product applied, the environmental
conditions, and the physical .condition of persons who may be
exposed. The potential level of exposure inside a building
after routine application of pesticides has not been
sufficiently researched by scientists.
The organophosphate and carbamate-type poisons are
neurotoxicants; exposure to these chemicals affects the
nervous system and brain (see attached article, "Neglected
Neurotoxicants). Pyrethrin is a low-toxicity pesticide;
less-purified extracts contain allergenic substances that
induce attacks of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Some
"inert" ingredients are not listed on the label; many, such
as petroleum distillates and xylene-range 'solvents, are
highly toxic. (See Exhibit B)
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
An alternative method
variety of methods is
(IPM). IPM has been
and forestry, but has
pest control. A smal
school districts have
of pest control which utilizes a
known as Integrated Pest Management
successfully applied in agriculture
only recently been applied to indoor
L but growing number of cities and
implemented IPM programs.
In IPM, preventative methods are employed as the first line
of defense with less toxic chemicals used as a last resort.
A general indoor IPM program involves sanitation, building
maintenance, monitoring, establishing thresholds, spot
treatment, non-chemical methods, and less-toxic chemicals.
(See Exhibit C)
An IPM program must be designed for the specific pests and
conditions found in City facilities. An IPM program for
City facilities can be implemented immediately but will take
3-6 months to fully develop.
FISCAL IMPACT:
In the first year, the IPM program is expected to cost
somewhat more than the current expenditure for pest control.
Since an IPM program is designed for the specific pests and
conditions which exist, it is difficult to determine exactly
how much it will cost to implement. Staff may need to
return to Council for a supplemental appropriation later in
the year.
In the long run an IPM program is a cost-effective approach
to pest control. In general, an IPM program costs more in
the beginning as it is being developed and implemented. The
largest cost will probably be the internal cost of training
janitorial and maintenance staff in the prevention and
monitoring of pests. Training can be provided by a
consultant (Bio-Intergral Resource Center), by the pest
control contractor, and/or by staff (David Harris, Community
Development Specialist).
Exhibit A
PESTICIDE PRODUCTS USED BY THE CITY'S CONTRACTOR
The "active" and "inert" ingredients found in the pesticide
products used by Commercial of California in the City's
public facilities include:
ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES
Dursban L.O. Insecticide
Active: Chlorpyrifos 41.5%
Inerts: Xylene Range Aromatic Solvent 58.5%
Dursban 2E
Active: Chlorpyrifos 24.29%
Inerts: Xylene Range Aromatic Solvent 67.77%
"trade secret" 7.94%
Diazinon 2D dust- 2%
Active: diazinon 2%
Inerts: talc dust 98$
Diazinon 5G granules
Active: diazinon 5%
Inerts: not specified
Knox-Out 2FM Insecticide
Active: diazinon 23$
Inerts: water and "trade secret" 77%
Safrotin- Aerosol
Active: propetamphos
CARBAMATE PESTICIDES
Baygon 2% bait
Active: Propoxur 2$
Inerts: "Trade secret" 98%
DESICCATING DUSTS
Drione
Active: Amorphous Silica Gel 40%
Pyrethrin 1$
Synergist 10%
Inerts: Petroleum distillate 49%
Borid
Active: Boric Acid 100%
Exhibit B
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON THE TOXICITY OF PESTICIDES
Oraanophosphate pesticides poison insects and mammals by
phosphorylation (the addition of phosphate) of the
acetylcholinesterase enzyme at nerve endings. The enzyme is
critical to normal control of nerve impulse transmission
from nerve fibers to muscle and gland cells, and also to
other nerve centers (autonomic ganglia) and the brain.
At sufficient dosage, loss of enzyme function allows
accumulation of acetylcholine (ACh, the impulse-transmitter
substance) at nerve endings and nerve centers. In the
brain, high ACh concentrations cause sensory and behavioral
disturbances, incoordination, and depressed motor function.
(Ordinarily, nerve messages are transmitted by an ester,
acetylcholine, whose action is "erased" by cholinesterase
after the nerve message has been transmitted.
Organophosphates inhibit cholinesterase from inactivating
the ester and the ester therefore accumulates, allowing
overload of nerve messages).
Organophosphates are efficiently absorbed by inhalation,
ingestion, and skin penetration. Many Organophosphates
readily undergo conversion by oxygen and light (or in the
body by the action of liver microsomesj from -thions to
-oxons which, in general, are more toxic than -thions.
other specific properties of individual Organophosphates may
render them more hazardous than basic toxicity data suggest.
For instance, certain Organophosphates are exceptionally
prone to storage in fat tissue, prolonging the need for an
antidote when stored pesticide is released back into the
circulation. Animal studies have demonstrated a
potentiation effect when two or more Organophosphates are
absorbed simultaneously: enzymes critical to degradation of
one are inhibited by the other. Whether this interaction is
a significant factor in human poisoning is not known.
Early symptoms of acute poisoning include headache, nausea,
dizziness, anxiety, and restlessness. Worsening of the
poisoned state is manifest as muscle twitching, weakness,
incoordination, tremor, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea.
Hypersecretion, including sweating, salivation, and tearing
is often prominent. Blurred or dark vision may be reported.
Tightness in chest, wheezing, and productive cough may
progress to frank pulmonary edema.
Repeated absorption of organophosphate at significant
dosage, but in amounts not sufficient to cause acute
poisoning, may cause persistent weakness, anorexia, and
malaise.
Carbamate pesticides The toxicology of carbamate
pesticides are similar to that of organophosphate
pesticides, allowing accumulation of ACh at nerve endings
and nerve centers. They also impair central nervous system
function. Carbamates are absorbed by inhalation, ingestion,
and dermal penetration. Frequent symptoms of poisoning
include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, profuse
sweating, salivation, and blurred vision. Other common
symptoms have been dyspnea, tremor, muscle twitching,
ataxia, and headache.
Pyrethrin is the active ingredient of pyrethrum, a partly
refined extract of the chrysanthemum flower. The pesticide
rapidly paralyzes the insect nervous system. Toxicity in
mammals is extraordinarily low for both pyrethrins and their
synthetic cousin, pyrethroids. Some of the less-purified
pyrethrum extracts contain allergenic substances that induce
attacks of allergic rhinitis and asthma in humans. Piperonyl
butoxide, a synergist often mixed with pyrethrin, inhibits
the enzymes of the liver which catabolize pyrethrins. The
amount absorbed by humans during ordinary exposure is not
likely to affect liver function measurably.
Symptoms of exposure from inhalation of partly-purified
pyrethrum include a stuffy, runny nose and scratchy throat.
Asthmatic wheezing may be precipitated by exposure of
predisposed individuals. Sudden bronchospasm, swelling of
mucous membranes, and shock have been reported after
pyrethrum inhalation.
Inert ingredients An "inert" ingredient is one which is not
included in the formulation for the purpose of killing the
target pest. "Inert" does not mean that the chemical is
non- toxic. In fact, some inert ingredients may be more
toxic than the "active" ingredient. Some pesticide
formulations may even contain substances which are banned in
consumer products (e.g. benzene or carbon tetrachloride) or
which are on the Proposition 65 list of carcinogenic and
teratogenic substances.
Manufacturers are not required by law to disclose the type
of inert ingredients used in their pesticide formulations.
This is why some of the MSDS fact sheets state that the
inert ingredient is a "trade secret." The EPA has released
general lists of inert ingredients found in pesticide
formulations; many are of high toxicological concern.
Some of the inert ingredients which are listed in the
pesticide formulations, such as xylene-range solvent and
petroleum distillate, are highly-toxic aromatic and
aliphatic solvents. Exposure to these solvents affects the
central nervous system.
INCIDENTS OF PESTICIDE POISONING AND MISUSE
Very recently in Iowa, a Mahkska County District Court jury
awarded $1.5 million to five women permanently disabled by
exposure to chlorpyrifos (Dursban). Following exposure in
the county office building where they worked, these women
suffered peripheral neuropathy, central nervous system
effects, and immune dysfunction.
In a separate incident, a physician suffered extended
neurological illness and subsequent sensitization as a
result of exposure to Dursban and Ficam (a carbamate).
Delayed peripheral neuropathy left the physician with a 50%
decrease in the strength of her left quadriceps, spontaneous
muscle weakness, and reduced sensory response in her lower
left leg and foot.
A recent article in the American Journal of Public Health,
described a study on the potential of exposure and health
risks of infants from indoor use of Dursban (chlorpyrifos).
The researchers found that infants can be exposed to
toxicologically significant amounts of poison through dermal
exposure from crawling on surfaces where pesticide residues
remain after application.
Diazinon has been banned for use on golf-courses and sod
farms, due to massive bird kills (nearly 100 reports have
been made in 18 states involving 23 species). At least one
study found that Diazinon can cause birth defects in chicken
embryos.
.1
seta ~ ' ' ' ' Kea-
gan
th
o °5 °°
h Neglected Neurotoxicants
e t
~ a :
ex-
cept ~ & ~ ~ scat- When young people started exhibiting classic symptoms of Parkinson's diseaze a few
aces' ga. ? w Shat- years ago, reswrchers quickly nailed down the tactic: exposure to tiny amounts of a
tuck ti ~ o ~ feted, chemical called MPTP that is sometimes produced during the illicit manufacture of
and r ~ z :,oun- synthetic heroin. The discovery, says a new report by [he Office of Technolog}
cil sl ew of Assessment (OTA), provided dramatic evidcncc of how a toxic chemical can poison
the sand the nervous system, and it haz helped fuel conccros that a variety of neurological
eclat ion of disorders might be Gnkcd to exposure [o ncurotoxican[s. But the report says thI
uncl :a." federal government has not yet come to grips with these conccros.
Ir ~ sublic Research on neurotoxicants is chronically underfunded, the report sa}'s, and
affai ysical regulations arc fragmented and poorly coordina¢d. The regulatory agencies have
Soc m of focused largely on the carcinogenic potential of roxic substances, but "the adverse
clas of a effects [of such chemicals] on organs and organ s}'stems, particularly the nervous
19E ~ the sysmm, may pose an equal or greater threat to public health."
scol tom- The true extent of the health hazards posed by neurotoxicants is ustknown, the
mei Irma- repott points out, because very few chemicals have been tested to determine if the}
~
tier affect the nervous system. But OTA notes that a large percenta
e of the 600
esticide
I~ mrnt g
p
ingredients regismred with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are known
shq ttion to be ncurotozic to varying degrees. Poten[ially neurotoxic substances arc also found
to then in indusvial chemicals, food additives, cosmetic ingredients, abused drugs, thaapeu~
nest .exter tic drugs, and naturally exeutting substances such as lead. Moreover, OTA cites
iss4 ds on evidcncc that environmental agents may play a role N the recent increases in the
a~ • ~ c des- incidence of am}'vophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's disease) and
'
ge of Parkinson
s disease in [hc elderly.
prq wing One major problem in devising regulations to Grtnt exposure to neurotoxican[s is
yep day that [heir effects can vary widely and tht biochemical and physiological changes that
ele< oven- hole exposure to the developmrnt of neurological disorders arc not well understood
tiol
i cntif- Takc the problems in regulating exposure [o lead, one of the oldest known
s ~ Park. neurotozicants. Over the past five decades, az new evidrnce has accumulated, the
"Ar grain maximum blood lead level deemed safe has steadily decreased. And "lead poisoning it
this nsurc the United States still occurs in epidemic proportions," OTA write.
~a~ Id in Lack of knowledge of the mechanisms of ncurotoxiciry is also a barrier to screeninp•
shal new commercial compounds because there's no firtct basis co predict from a com~
~ .f [he pound's structure whether it is likely to damage the nervous system. Indeed, currcm
Nat d the screening practices, which rely on structural comparisons with known ncurotozicants
con c ex- arc "a game of chemical Russian roulette"-a dangerous gamble based on shah
chat easier assumptions-says ncurotoxicologist Peter Spencer of the Oregon Health Science•
toe s to a University, who chaired OTA's Neuroscience Advisory Panel. Furthtrmorq adds
root everal Spencer, until tissue cultures can be used for testing, different animal species "must M
case. w :ntific selected to test specific classes of neurotoxicants." Neverthelus, the regulaton
wort H : U.S. agencies could do much better, OTA says. They "have not widely adop[ed or applied
govt x c ng in neurotoziciry test protocols," and there is "little coordination of regulatory efforts.'
milit o ~, :n en- To Spenceq the most immediate concern is "to build a solid baze to understand the
dors~ o ~ being mechanisms of action" of neurotoxic chemicals. OTA rcpo[u that the fedora'
very S S U :link- govemmrnt is spending a mere $67 million on research on neurotoxicancs. In
"
ages
o z i conclusion:
Given the [hreat the neurotoxic substances pose to public health and the
x
Al ,~ o ~ w prom- lack of knowledge of [he mechanisms by which [hose substances exert adverse effete.
ing I ~ e G ~ saying ...federal research programs are not adequately addressing ncurotoxiciry conccros.'
they stry' [o
' EPA, for examplq has no ezvamural grams program N neurotoxicology, and when.
trap infer- the Office of Management and Budget made across-the-board cuts in [he agency's
matic ary N• 1991 budget, a $1.$-million research initiative had to be nixed.
formation, Jnattuck argued [hat Wescem If, as Senator Alber Gore, ]r. (D-TN), pu[s it, "chronic ncurotoxiciry prtsents a
nations should ensure that Eaztcm Europe- health risk cvcn• bit as large and as vagic as cancer," should funding for ncurotozicin
an nations agree to the Berne Com~ention research approach that for cancer? Yes, says Spencer. If neurotoxicants play a role it
on parents and copyrights so that " Western Alzheimer's, ALS, and Parkinson's discasq the early onset of these diseases may ~
intellectual property rights arc not uninten- preventable. That, he stiggcsts, is at least worn rigorous investigation.
tionally compromised b}' the new openness OTA concludes ominously, "available ncurotoxiciry data are insufficient" to ensue
of technological communication." the safe use of many commercial pesticides, indusvial chemicals, food additives, and
^ DAVID P. HAMIL7CIN drugs. Spencer says: "More research is needed to fill [his chasm of biomedica'
ignorance." ^ SARAH WILLIAMS
David Hamilton is a repnnrr-researrhrr ar The Sarah Williams is a Science intern.
Ncw Republic.
958
SCIENCE, VOL.
Exhibit C
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT FOR INDOOR PEST CONTROL
The new philosophy in pest control is called integrated pest
management (IPM). The object of IPM is control pest
populations utilizing a variety of non-chemical and chemical
methods. Preventative methods are employed as the first
line of defense; less-toxic chemicals are used as a last
resort.
Routine pesticide spraying for general pests is never part
of the IPM approach. When pesticides are used, they are the
least-toxic available and applied only to the area of
infestation. Preferably, the pesticides used are not
formulated in a solvent-base (such as petroleum distillates)
or aerosol applicator.
The City's current contractor does employ some elements of
an IPM program, such as inspection of sanitation and
maintenance conditions and spot treatment, but does not
utilize some of the less-toxic alternatives.
An outline of the steps involved in a general IPM program
for indoor pest control is as follows:
I. PREVENTION
A. Sanitation- Insects need food and water to survive.
The best way to prevent pests is to keep indoor areas as
clean as possible. Food and eating areas should be
restricted to as few rooms as possible. Food preparation
and eating areas should be cleaned up immediately after use.
Food should be properly store in sealed containers.
Beverage containers saved for recycling should be stored
appropriately. On the outside, wood and yard wastes need to
be stored away from buildings. When mopping floors, boric
acid or borax in the rinse water will leave a residue which
is effective against crawling insects.
B. Maintenance- Insects enter structures through
cracks, crevices, and holes. Appropriate building
maintenance can cut-off the entry way of pest. This
includes caulking around windows, cabinets, and floors,
installing weather stripping on doorways, and installing and
maintaining screens on windows. Holes around pipes and
wires coming into a building need to be filled in.
C. Monitoring- The key to the IPM approach is to
monitor target pest populations and establish thresholds for
action. The pests most commonly found in the City's public
facilities are cockroaches, silverfish, ants, flies, and
fleas. Monitoring involves setting up traps to capture
pests and making regular inspections for the pests.
D. Establishing Thresholds- Insects are impossible to
completely eradicate. Some level of pests will always exist
in or around buildings. Establishing thresholds involves
determining the level of tolerance for various insects and
when to employ stronger control methods. For example,
mosquitos (which may transmit disease) should have a lower
threshold for action than cockroaches (which do not).
E. SAOt Treatment- When a threshold is surpassed, one
option is to use a less-toxic insecticide, but to limit
treatment to the specific area which seems to be infested.
II. NON-CHEMICAL METHODS OF PEST CONTROL
(Most of these methods applicable to specific pests).
A. TraAS- Roach motels, sticky flypaper, and
mouse/rat traps are not only useful in monitoring pest
populations, but can help control small numbers of pests.
Some traps utilize insect hormones to attract the pests to
the trap. Ultraviolet light traps are used to attract and
kill flies.
B. Mechanical- Fans above doorways can help keep out
flies.
C. Repellants- Some types of herbs, spices, and
scents can repel fleas and ants. These are partially
effective and should be used in combination with other
methods.
III. LESS-TOXIC CHEMICAL CONTROLS
A. Desiccating dusts- Boric acid powder and silica
aerogel dust are effective with a variety of pests. Boric
acid is commonly used against cockroaches. and silverfish.
Silica aerogel is less toxic than boric acid and is
effective against ants and fleas. (These products could be
used by trained City personnel).
B. Insect growth regulators- A company called Zoecon
has developed insect growth regulators for roaches, fleas,
and ants. They work by stunting the larvae thus disrupting
the reproductive cycle of the insect. They are very
effective in long-term control of pest populations when used
with a "knock-down" pesticide.
C. Pyrethrin- This pesticide is a very good "knock
down" pesticide and breaks down quickly. Often a synergist
(piperonyl butoxide) is added to make the pyrethrin last
longer. Both pyrethrin and pyrethroids (synthetic
pyrethrins) have low acute toxicity in humans. (However
some pyrethroids, such as permethrin, are suspected of long-
term health effects).
D. Insecticidal traps- Some ant and cockroach traps
contain moderately-toxic insecticides. In general, they are
preferable to a general pesticide application because the
insecticide is contained in the trap. They must be placed
out of the reach of children and pets. (These products could
be used by trained City personnel).
September 19, 1990
T0: Resource Conservation Commission
UTA: Doug Reid, Environmental Review Coordinatot~
FROM: Stephanie Popek~Principal Management Assistant, Administration
SUBJECT: Draft Agreement for Residential Curbside Recycling Services
Attached for your review is the draft agreement with Laidlaw Waste Systems,
Inc. for Citywide residential curbside recycling services. This agreement is
an amendment to the current contract with Laidlaw for refuse collection and
disposal services. In its draft form, it is currently being reviewed by
appropriate City staff including the City Manager and City Attorney, as well
as Laidlaw.
This agreement will be forwarded first to the City Council on the October 2,
1990 agenda, when Council will review a report on the program expansion plans,
how it is to be financed, and setting a public hearing for October 16, 1990 at
6:30 p.m. In addition, a community meeting will be held at 7:00 p.m. on
Monday, October 8, 1990 in the Council Chambers to explain the program and its
costs to the public.
The RCC's comments and/or minutes regarding the curbside recycling program
will be included by staff in the October 2 report. A Commission
representative would also have the opportunity to publicly address comments to
the Council during both meetings on October 2 and October 16.
To assist in your review of the attached draft agreement, the following
executive summary provides the highlights of the program parameters, cost and
schedule.
The Citywide program will be operated as a continuation of the pilot
program which is still servicing 3400 homes: A weekly comingled
collection on the same day as trash pickup. The same materials will
be collected: newspaper, cans (aluminum and bimetal), glass and
mixed plastics.
Citywide expansion to approximately 23,500 single family homes will
take place during January 1991.
Service cost will be $1.25 per month per household, and the first
quarterly billing for this increase will be mailed in late December.
This amount is the net cost of operational costs including franchise
fees, less estimated revenue from sale of recoverable materials and
landfill diversion credit. All single family homes will be charged
the service fee and provided a collection container, even if they
choose not to participate.
Rate changes (increase or decrease) will take place beginning in
April 1992 and be concurrent with one refuse collection fee increase
each year thereafter. From January to April of each year, the City
will review with Laidlaw the actual cost of the program during the
previous year to arrive at the new rate. The agreement will carry
the same condition as the master agreement, whereby that increase
should not be above the C.P.I. without an automatic public hearing.
It is planned that franchise fees will be tied to the same schedule
as those in the master agreement for refuse collection. At the time
the program begins, the franchise fee will be 7% and will increase
one half percent per year each April up to a maximum of 10%.
Residential curbside recycling services are considered additional but
separate services from Laidlaw under this contract. Accordingly,
acceptable performance of recycling services will be determined
separately. The City retains the right to bid out those services in
the future, if performance is not acceptable.
Within the next 18 months, the City will work with Laidlaw on
establishing a comprehensive range of services, to include yard waste
collection, multi-family residential collection and
commercial/industrial recycling. Each new program will require a
negotiated amendment to the contract and the City retains the right
to bid out any or all programs.
I will be available at your September 24 meeting to answer any questions
regarding the program and the agreement, or I can be reached in the City
Manager's Office at 691-5031.
SP:Im
sp919/c
~~.~r`~
Exhibit "A"
ORDINANCE N0.
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF CHULA VISTA AMENDING
ORDINANCE N0. 1993 MODIFYING THE TERMS OF LAIDLAW
WASTE SYSTEMS, INC. FRANCHISE TO COLLECT AND
DISPOSE OF REFUSE WITHIN THE CITY OF CHULA VISTA
RELATIVE TO COLLECTION AND SALE OF RECYCLABLE
MATERIALS
The City Council of the City of Chula Vista does ordain as follows:
SECTION I: That Sections 1 and 2 of Ordinance No. 1993 are amended
to read as follows:
Section 1. Definitions.
Whenever in this ordinance the words or phrases hereinafter in this
section defined are used, they shall have the respective meaning assigned to
them in the following definitions (unless in the given instance, the context
wherein they are used shall clearly import a different meaning):
(a) "Grantee" shall mean Laidlaw Waste Systems, Inc. and its lawful
successors or assigns.
(b) "City" shall mean the City of Chula Vista, a municipal
corporation, of the State of California in its present incorporated
form or in any later reorganized, consolidated, enlarged or
reincorporated form.
(c) "Streets" shall man the public streets, ways, alleys and places
as the same now or may hereafter exist within said city, including
state highways now or hereafter establishing within said City.
(d) "Gross Receipts" shall mean all gross operating revenues
received by Grantee from the collection and disposal of refuse or
collection and sale of recyclable materials.
(e) "Recyclable Materials" or "Recyclables" shall mean newsprint,
glass, aluminum and metal cans, mixed plastics (to include PET and
HDPE), and other such materials as mutually agreed upon in writing by
the Grantee and the City, which are collected by the Grantee pursuant
to Section 21.
Section 2. Purpose
The franchise to collect and dispose of refuse and to collect
recyclable materials within the City of Chula Vista and to use for such
purposes the public streets, ways and places within said City is hereby
granted to Laidlaw Waste Systems, Inc., its successors and assigns.
(4) Missed Pick-Uo s - In case of a missed pick-up called in by a
resident and where Grantee i s determined to be at fault, the
resident shall have the option to receive collection within 24 hours
or place the materials out on the next scheduled collection day.
Information on missed pick-ups shall be logged by Grantee and shall
be available to the City.
(5) Public Awareness Program - The Grantee will prepare an Introductory
Packet of information regarding the Citywide Single-Family Curbside
Recycling Program, approved in advance by the City, and will
distribute such packet with the recycling containers to each
eligible residence. The packet shall include, but not be limited
to: a) An informational brochure that details the program elements
and describes how they can participate; and b) doorknob hangers or
other methods encouraging use of the recycling container and
explaining the program.
The Grantee will assist with media events, make presentations to
community groups and businesses on an as needed basis, and attend
County wide meetings related to recycling, speaking on the City's
Curbside Recycling Program if needed. The Grantee also agrees to
assist in developing incentives to increase participation and
tonnage collected, and to encourage involvement of community and
youth groups.
(6) Local Manager - The Grantee shall at all times during the term of
this agreement have a local manager charged with the responsibility
for supervision of the recycling operations and obligations of the
Grantee.
C. Obligations of~City - The City shall participate in the Public Awareness
Program as provided in paragraph B.(5) and agrees to take such steps as
may be reasonably necessary to protect recyclable materials placed at the
curbside for collection by Grantee under the terms of this Agreement and
shall enact and reasonably enforce an anti-scavenging ordinance.
D. Funding and Rates for Collection
(I) Funding Sources - The residential curbside collection program will
be funded by four sources: a monthly recycling fee to all eligible
residents; revenue from the sale of collected recyclable material;
savings in disposal cost of material diverted from the landfill; and
grant funds when available and awarded.
(a) A monthly recycling fee charged to eligible residents is the
primary source of funding for this program. In general, it
will be determined by the Grantee's operating expenses, less:
revenue received from the sale of collected recyclable
material, the savings realized in disposal costs of material
diverted from the landfill, and application of grant funds.
Specific fee information is outlined in paragraph D.(2) below.
-3-
(c) Market price for all recyclable materials collected from
the curbside and sold by Grantee. The weight receipts
shall be available for inspection by the City.
(d) Resident participation rates in terms of weekly set-out
counts.
(e) Overall assessment of performance during the quarter.
(f) Discussion of problems and noteworthy experiences in
program operation.
(g) Recommendations to increase tonnage of recyclable
materials recovered.
(2) Annual Report - On or before July 31 of each year of the term
of this agreement, Grantee shall submit a fiscal year-end
annual report to include but not be limited to the following:
(a) A collated summary of the information contained in the
quarterly reports, and a summary of the participation
rates and tonnages of recovered material.
(b) A report of public awareness activities and their impact
on participation and recovered volumes.
(c) A report of highlights and other noteworthy experiences,
measures taken to resolve problems, increase efficiency
and household participation.
(d) °"Additional information as necessary to meet State and/or
Federal mandated reporting requirements.
Performance Standards - This Agreement for curbside recycling services is
subject to the performance standards and franchise conditions detailed in
Section 14 of Ordinance 1993, Forfeiture. While it is the intent of
Section 21 to describe specific recycling collection services to be
provided by the Grantee in addition to existing refuse collection and
disposal services, Grantee agrees that acceptable performance of
recycling services will be considered severable from this agreement.
Additional Franchise Fee - The Grantee, as part of the consideration of
this agreement, agrees to pay to the City an additional franchise fee at
a rate consistent with that paid for refuse collection and detailed in
Section 4 of Ordinance 2104, Consideration. This rate will begin at
seven percent (7%) of the annual receipts collected by said Grantee
within the City of Chula Vista from residents for the recycling program
within the City. Beginning April 1, 1991, the franchise fee shall be
increased by one-half percent (1/2%) and one-half percent (1/2%) each
year thereafter until it reaches a maximum of ten percent. It is
understood that any increase in the franchise fee by the City shall be
cause for the Grantee to increase charges in order to "pass through" the
cost of the franchise fee.
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~A~C
~~~~. '~ ~ i_q i .
M E M O R A N D U M IIV
SEP 19 19AO
.:,,~:
DATE: September 19, 1990
TO: Boards & Commissions Secreta
FROM: Beverly A. Authelet, City C
SUBJECT: Consideration of Dates for Next
Boards, Commissions, and Committees Orientation
The City Council has been asking when I would be conducting a B/C/C
Orientation. I have been putting it off since I was new to the
City. However, it is now time to do one. But, I need your
assistance. Would you please poll your board/commission/committee
to find out what dates and times are best for them. I will use
this as a guide.
I am looking particularly at a Monday or Thursday afternoon or
evening or consideration of a Saturday morning in November. (Both
Tuesday and Wednesday evenings are out for me). The orientation
would be approximately an hour and half to two hours.
Please get back to me by October 1.
If you have any questions regarding this, please give me a call.
Thank you for your help.
~ 1. ~ ' I _ .
1'
M E M O RAN D U M
SEP 19 19A0
DATE: September 19, 1990
TO: Boards & Commissions S
FROM: Beverly A. Authelet, City C1
SUBJECT: Consideration of Dates for Next'
Boards, Commissions, and Committees Orientation
The City Council has been asking when I would be conducting a B/C/C
Orientation. I have been putting it off since I was new to the
City. However, it is now time to do one. But, I need your
assistance. would you please poll your board/commission/committee
to find out what dates and times are best for them. I will use
this as a guide.
I am looking particularly at a Monday or Thursday afternoon or
evening or consideration of a Saturday morning in November. (Both
Tuesday and Wednesday evenings are out for me). The orientation
would be approximately an hour and half to two hours.
Please qet back to me by October 1.
If you have any questions regarding this, please give me a call.
Thank you for your help.