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HomeMy WebLinkAboutReso 2024-070 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 TABLEOFCONTENTS 1.0INTRODUCTION 1 1.1PurposeandScope1 1.2ImplementingtheVisionandThemes1 1.3RelationtoOtherGeneralPlanElementsandPolicies2 1.4RelatedPlansandPrograms2 4 2.0GOAL 5 3.0PLANNINGFACTORS,OBJECTIVES,ANDPOLICIES 3.1Water,SewerandDrainage5 Figure8-1:WaterServiceAreas6 Figure8-2:BackboneInfrastructureforWastewaterCollection8 3.1.1Keeping Pace with Growth and Maintenance Needs 9 (Water,Sewer,Drainage) Figure8-3:DrainageImprovements10 3.1.2MeetingDemandThroughAlternativeTechnologies12 3.1.3Long-TermWaterSupplies13 3.1.4Long-TermSewerCapacities15 3.2LawEnforcement,FireProtection,andEmergencyMedicalServices16 Figure8-4:PoliceandFireStationLocations17 3.2.1KeepingPacewithGrowth (Police,FireProtection,andEmergencyMedicalServices)18 Figure8-5:EmergencyEvacuationRoutes19 3.2.2EmergencyResponseandNewDevelopment21 3.2.3EmergencyResponseProgram22 3.2.4PostEmergencyResponse23 3.3Schools24 Figure8-6: Primaryand Secondary Schools Serving theCityofChula Vista25 3.3.1Keeping PacewithGrowthandTechnology(School Facilities)27 3.3.2Site Location andDesign (SchoolFacilities)28 3.4Libraries30 Figure8-7:ExistingandProposedLibraries31 3.4.1KeepingPacewithGrowthandTechology(LibraryFacilities)32 PagePFS-i Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 3.4.2SiteLocationandDesign(LibraryFacilities)33 3.4.3JointUseofSchoolandLibraryFacilities34 3.5ParksandRecreation35 Figure8-8:CityofChulaVistaListofExisting,Proposed,and FuturePark&RecreationFacilities36 Figure8-9:Existing/ProposedPublicParksandRecreationFacilities37 3.5.1KeepingPacewithGrowth(ParksandRecreation)40 3.5.2MeetingParkDemand41 3.5.3RegionalFacilitiesinOtayValleyRegionalPark44 3.5.4ChulaVistaLandmarkPark45 Figure8-10:PotentialLandmarkParkLocations47 3.5.5JointUseofParkandSchoolFacilities48 3.6ArtandCulture,Childcare,HealthandHumanServices49 3.61RoleinArtandCulture,ChildcareandHealthServices50 3.6.2FutureChulaVistaCulturalArtsCenter51 3.7CivicFacilities52 3.8Energy53 3.8.1PoweringChulaVista54 3.9Telecommunications56 3.10SolidWaste57 Figure8-11:SolidWasteFacility59 3.10.1Providingfor Solid Waste Disposal60 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-ii PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 INTRODUCTION 1.0 1.1PurposeandScope ThePublicFacilitiesandServicesElementestablishestheCity'splantoprovideandmaintain infrastructureandpublicservicesforfuturegrowth,withoutdiminishingservicestoexisting development. Public facilities collectively refer to utilities, such as: water; sewer; drainage; power; andtelecommunicationsservices.Publicservicescollectivelyrefertoschools;libraries;law enforcement;andfireprotection.Thiselementalsoincludespublicfacilitiesandservicesthat support and enrich the community, such as: parks and recreation centers; art and cultural facilities and programs; childcare opportunities; and health and human services. Whilestateplanninglawrequirescitiestoadoptspecificelementsintheirgeneralplans,the California Government Code does not require a public facilities and services element. However, theCodepermitsageneralplantoincludeotherelementsandsubjectsthatrelatetothe physical development of a city, such as public facilities (Section 65030). It also permits the inclusionofsubjectsthatrelatetoqualityoflife,suchas:parksandrecreation;artandculture; childcare; and human services. Once an optional element has been adopted, it carries the same legalforceandeffectasamandatoryelement.TheChulaVistaPublicFacilitiesandServices Element has been prepared under the provisions for optional elements and addresses those facilities and services needed by existing and future development. 1.2ImplementingtheVisionandThemes TheVisionforChulaVistareflectsthedesireoftheCitytoimprovethecommunityandmeetthe opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. Achieving this Vision requires that the City recognize thatourbusinesses,neighborhoods,andcommunitiesdependonefficientandaccessiblepublic facilitiesandinfrastructure.TheVisioncallsforwaystoimprovelifeintheCityofChulaVista, from strong communities, to enhanced resources, to exemplary facilities. The Public Facilities and ServicesElementhelpsimplementtheVisionbyprovidingpoliciesfordevelopmentthatensure thatpublicfacilitieskeepourcityrunningsmoothly,publicservicesthatprotectandenrichthe livesofourcitizens and provide a healthy and sustainable community for everyone. PagePFS-1 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 1.3RelationtoOtherGeneralPlanElementsand Policies ThePublicFacilitiesandServicesElementisdirectlyrelatedtotheLandUseand TransportationElementthroughthedistributionoflandusesandcirculationroutes andthe provisionofsafeandconvenientaccesstorecreationalopportunities. Publicutilityinfrastructure mustsupport thevaried land uses and often shares the same rights-of-way with circulation roads.ThePublicFacilitiesandServicesElementisrelatedtotheEconomicDevelopment Element, the Growth Management Element and the Implementation Chapter with regards to providing appropriately timed facilities and achieving overall fiscal health. Finally, the Environmental Element addresses water conservation and recycling, which relate to overall water demandaddressedinthePublicFacilitiesandServicesElement. 1.4RelatedPlansandPrograms Asdescribedbelow,severalplansandprogramsinfluencepublicfacilitiesandservicesinChula Vista. GrowthForecasts WhilenewconstructionineasternChulaVistahasdominatedtheproductionofadditional housingintheCityinrecentyears,(andthisisexpectedtocontinueoveratleastthenearterm) anincreasingproportionofnewhousingstockinwesternChulaVistaisforecastoverthelonger term.Thisgrowthinnew,aswellasinolderareasoftheCity,willimpacttheprovisionofpublic servicesandfacilities.TheCitymaintainsshort-termandmid-termpopulationprojectionsas planningtools.AsdiscussedintheChulaVistainPerspectivechapter,theCity'spopulation estimate as of January 1, 2004 is 209,100, representing a 20 percent increase since the year 2000 census.BasedonthisGeneralPlan,theCity'spopulationwouldreachapproximately300,000by the year 2030. Regional Comprehensive Plan The San Diego Association of Governments, or SANDAG, serves as the forum for decision-making onregionalissues,suchashousingandtransportationinSanDiegoCounty.TheRegional ComprehensivePlan(RCP)waspreparedunderSANDAG'sumbrellatoprovidealong-term planningframeworkintheSanDiegoRegion.TheRCPaddresseshowandwhereprojected growth should occur, while providing ahigh quality of life for existing and future residents. The planbalancestheneedtoaccommodateregionalpopulation,housing,andemploymentgrowth withhabitatandopenspacepreservationandpublicfacilityandserviceneeds. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-2 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 The RCP prioritizes public investment in areas that support the preferred direction for regional growth.Itrelies,toalargeextent,onotheragencies,suchaslocalgovernmentsandother providers of public facilities and services, to carry out the Plan in a collaborative manner. The City'sGeneralPlansupportsrelevantRCPpolicyobjectivesandactions. LongRangePlans Most of the service providers identified in this element maintain long-range service plans that identify the infrastructure improvements needed to serve new development. These long-range service plans, often called Facility Master Plans, have been used to prepare this element . While not a part of the adopted General Plan, the various long-range service plans implement its goals, objectives, and policies.. PagePFS-3 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 GOAL 2.0 TheoverallgoalofthePublicFacilitiesandServicesElementisto: Provide and maintain public facilities and services within Chula Vista through abundant public infrastructure and community servicesthatsupportandenhance the well-being of the city and all of itsresidents. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-4 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 PLANNINGFACTORS,OBJECTIVES, 3.0 AND POLICIES ThereareseveralplanningfactorsinvolvedinachievingthegoalofthePublicFacilitiesand ServicesElement.SuchfactorsaredescribedinSections3.1-3.10.1ofthiselement.Eachfactor hasatleastoneobjective,orfocusedgoal,andeachobjectivehasatleastonepolicy,which describeshowtheCitywillmeettheobjectives. 3.1Water,Sewer and Drainage WaterInfrastructure SanDiegoCountyisasemi-aridlandscapewithaMediterraneanclimate.Themajorityofthe region'swatersupplymustbeimportedinordertoprovidefordemandsfromagriculture; population; commercial/industrial development; and public entities. Water availabilityhas long beenapointofconsiderationfordevelopmentinChulaVista. Chula Vista has historically received the majority of its water supply from the San Diego County Water Authority (CWA). The CWA generally imports from 75 to 95 percent of this water from the MetropolitanWaterDistrict(MWD)ofSouthernCalifornia.Waterimportedtotheregioncomes from two primary sources: the Colorado River, through the 240-mile Colorado River Aqueduct; and the State Water Project from Northern California, through the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta andthe444-mileCaliforniaAqueduct.ThesesourcesdeliverwatertotheMWD,whichthen distributeswatersuppliestodistrictsthroughouttheSouthernCaliforniaregion,includingthe CWA. The CWA is comprised of 23 member water agencies and water districts, including two that serveChulaVista:OtayWaterDistrictandSweetwaterAuthority.Athirdwateragency,the California American Water Company, also provides water to a small portion of the Chula Vista planningarea,butisnotamemberoftheCWA(seeFigure8-1,WaterServiceAreas). Thethreedistrictsvaryinsizeandageofinfrastructurebutareallexpectedtoconformtothe same quality and service standards established by the State Department of Health Services (DHS) andthefederalCleanWaterAct.Inadditiontoprovidingwatersupplies,theseagenciesprovide emergencystoragesystemsandimplementconservationefforts. SewerInfrastructure Sewerservicesareessentialforpublichealth,safety,andwelfare.TheCitymaintainsandoperates sewerfacilitiesthatfeedintoalargerregionalsystemfortreatmentanddisposal.ChulaVista PagePFS-5 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 reliesontheCityofSanDiegoMetropolitan(Metro)SewageSystemfortreatmentanddisposalof the wastewater generated within the General Plan area. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-6 WaterServiceAreas NORTH N.T.S. Figure8-1 PagePFS-6 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 ChulaVista'scurrentwastewatercollectionsystemconsistsofsevenmajorsewerbasins, including:SweetwaterandGStreetBasinsinthenorthernpartoftheCity;TelegraphCanyonand theMainStreet-Date-FaivreBasinsinthesouthernpartoftheCity;BayfrontBasininthewest; and Salt Creek and Poggi Canyon Basins in the east. The City of Chula Vista currently operates and maintains approximately 400 miles of sewer pipelines,ranginginsizefrom6inchesto48inchesindiameter,andanextensivenetworkof manholes; metering stations; pump lifts; and lift stations (see Figure 8-2, Backbone Infrastructure forWastewaterCollection).Inadditiontomaintainingtheexistingsystemsandreplacing outdated or damaged components, the City must also address system upgrades and expansions toaccommodatenewsewerconnections,especiallyintheeasternportionoftheCity. Completion of the Salt Creek Gravity Sewer Interceptor will provide additional capacity in eastern ChulaVista.PreliminarydesignplansforconstructionoftheWolfCanyonTrunkSewer,atributary totheSaltCreekBasin,arealsobeingprepared.Thisimprovementwillservedevelopment projectsintheWolfCanyonBasin. TheCityhaspurchased19.8milliongallonsperday(mgd)ofcapacityrightsintheMetro Sewage System. Based on existing conditions in 2004, the City discharges approximately 16.6 MGD into the Metro Interceptor. Based on flow analyses, it is estimated that by the year 2030, the Citywillgenerateapproximately26.2mgdofsewage.TheCityisworkingwithMetrotoacquire additionaltreatmentcapacitytomeetthisdemand. DrainageInfrastructure Drainagefacilitiesarepublicimprovementstocontrolstormwaterrunoffsothatpeakrunoffdoes notthreatenpublichealthorsafetyintheformoffloodinganderosion.TheCitymaintainsstrict requirements for sediment control from water runoff. These requirements are found in various programsandpolicies,includingTheCityofChulaVista GradingOrdinance;SubdivisionManual;StormWater Drainage facilities ManagementStandardsRequirementsManual;development arepublicimprovements andredevelopmentprojects;andManagement to control stormwater runoff so that peak InChulaVista,severaldrainagebasinsandimprovements runoff does not threaten accommodatedrainagethroughanextensivesystem public health and safety containing miles of storm water pipelines; box culverts; lined in the form of flooding andnaturalchannels;andwaterdetentionfacilities.The and erosion. conditionoftheoveralldrainagesystemiscontinually monitored for any major deficiencies or problems. In addition tomaintainingtheexistingsystemandreplacingoutdatedor damagedcomponents,theCitymustalsoaddressupgradesandexpansionstoaccommodate newcollectionareasandincreaseddrainageflowsfromnewdevelopment,especiallyintheeast. PagePFS-7 BackboneInfrastructureforWastewaterCollection ProposedG.P.Amendment NORTH N.T.S. Figure8-1 PagePFS-8 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 TheCityofChulaVistaincludes16majordrainagebasins.Figure8-3showsmajordrainage improvements that handle storm water runoff in the City. Based on existing conditions in 2004, current facilities have adequate capacity for short-and mid-term development, defined as projected growth, within the 18-month and 5-year time frames. Long-term build-out includes majordevelopmentintheeasternsectionsoftheCitythatwilladdsignificantamountsofstorm watertotheexistingsystem. ChulaVistaispartoftheSanDiegowatershedarea.TheSanDiegowatershedarea'sNational PollutantDischargeEliminationSystem(NPDES)permitrequiresthatallrunoffbetreatedsothat pollutantlevelsatthestormwateroutfallsareminimizedtothemaximumextentpracticable. It is the City's intent toestablishapriorityprogramthroughtheChulaVistaStormWaterManagementUnit.Typically, NPDES on-site detention/desiltation facilities will be required on development projects. The City willmaintainitsabilitytoenforceadequatemaintenanceofthesefacilities.TheEnvironmental ElementalsoaddressesdrainageissuesthroughouttheCityastheyrelatetowaterquality. 3.1.1KeepingPacewithGrowthandMaintenanceNeeds (Water,Sewer,Drainage) The City and its servicing districts strive to maintain existing water, sewer and drainage facilities to meet current and future demand, andtocomplywithfederal,state,andlocalrequirements.The easternsectionsoftheCityarebeingdevelopedasmaster plannedcommunitiesaccordingtoGeneralDevelopment Plansthatgreatlyincreasetheabilitytopredictandaccommodate growth.Knowledgeoffuturezoningandpopulationdensity increasesinestablishedareasallowtheCityandservicedistricts to schedule and construct needed improvements. The challenge posedbynewdevelopmentistoextendservicetounservedareas, keeppacewithconstruction,andadjustforchangesinthe designated zoning or density.The challenge posed by density increases in older parts of the City systemistorepairexistingdeficienciesandmaintain,andpossiblyupsize,olderinfrastructure. Overtime,astheCitycontinuestoexpandandadditionalwater,sewer,anddrainagefacilitiesare added,thedemandformaintenance,alongwithassociatedfiscalimpacts,willalsogrow. PagePFS-9 Drainage Improvements NORTH N.T.S. Figure8-3 PagePFS-10 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 Ensure adequate and reliable water, sewer, and drainage service and facilities. Policies Coordinate with water districts by providing growth forecast information to allow PFS1.1 thedistrictstoplananddesignwaterfacilitiesandensureadequatesupply neededtoaccommodateanticipatedgrowth. PlanforadequatesystemsandfacilitiestomanagetheCity'swastewater PFS generation,treatment,anddisposal. 1.12 Plananddesigndrainagefacilities,andupgradeexistingfacilities,asnecessary, to meet current needs, accommodate growth, and satisfy state and federal PFS requirements. 1.23 PFS 1.34 For new development, require on-site detention of storm water flows such that, where practical, existing downstream structures will not be overloaded. Slow runoffandmaximizeon-siteinfiltrationofrunoff. Accelerate infrastructure upgrades throughout the City, especially in older portions PFS ofwesternChulaVistaasgrowthplacesadditionaldemandsonexisting, 1.45 potentiallysub-standardfacilities. To avoid recently improved streets from being torn up repeatedly, maintain a comprehensive facility phasing and capital improvement program. The program PFS shouldbebasedonanticipatedlanddevelopmentandbeconductedin 1.56 coordination with all utilities. Identify ways to obtain timely funding for public facility and service needs. Upon request by community representatives, facilitate the possible formation of assessmentdistrictstofinancepublicinfrastructure,upgrades,andmaintenance. PFS 1.67 PagePFS-11 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 3.1.2MeetingDemandThroughAlternativeTechnologies Growth will generate increased demand for water delivery and forseweranddrainagesystemsthroughouttheCity.Water willcontinuetobealimitedresourceinsemi-aridsouthern California.Theabilitytotreatwastewaterwillbeaffectedby thelimitationsoftheSanDiegoMetrosystem.Drainage facilities will need to handle increased storm water runoff and potentialpollutantsinthefaceofincreasedgrowthand diminishing supplies of land. Building moreinfrastructure andacquiringmorecapacitycanandshouldbeoffsetby usingalternativetechnologiestohandledemandbothinthe older,establishedpartsofthecityandinthenewlydeveloping areas.Thefollowingobjectiveandpoliciesaddressmeeting resourceand service demandsthrough use ofalternative technologies. Animportant and related topic, reducing demand through conservation measures, is discussed in more detail in the conservationportionoftheEnvironmentalElement,Chapter9ofthisGeneralPlan. Increase efficiencies in water use, wastewater generation and its re-use, andhandlingofstormwaterrunoffthroughouttheCitythroughuseof alternativetechnologies. Policies Promote and encourage local water resource development and explore all PFS2.1 opportunitiesforviablewatersupplies,includingdesalination.Ifappropriate, reserve suitable land areas to accommodate such potentially viable facilities and toprotectgroundwatersourcesandwaterstorageaquifers. Aspartofprojectconstructionanddesign,assurethatdrainagefacilitiesinnew PFS development incorporate stormwater runoff and sediment control, including state- 2.12 of-the-art technologies, where appropriate. Indesigningwater,wastewater,anddrainagefacilities,limitthedisruptionof natural landforms and water bodies. Encourage the use of natural channels that PFS simulatenaturaldrainagewayswhileprotectingproperty. 2.23 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-12 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 3.1.3Long-TermWaterSupplies BasedonwaterratesusedbytheOtayWaterDistrictandthe Sweetwater Authority, projected water demand for the City at buildout of updateareasunderthisGeneralPlanis23.92milliongallonsperday (mgd).TheCaliforniaWaterCoderequiresallurbanwatersuppliers withinthestatetoprepareurbanwatermanagementplan(s)and updatethemeveryfiveyears,inyearsendinginfiveorzero.Theplans aretoidentifysupplyanddemand,infrastructureandfunding.In accordance with state law, the County Water Authority (CWA) adopted anUrbanWaterManagementPlanin2000andupdateditin2005. The2000Planforecaststotalprojectedwaterdemandfortheentire area served by the CWA as 813,000 acre-feet of water in the year 2020. Thisfigureincludesmunicipal,industrial,andagriculturaldemand,and is adjusted for conservation savings. The report estimates total projected localwatersuppliesintheyear2020as223,500acre-feet.Localwater suppliesincludesurfacewater;waterrecycling;groundwater;and seawater desalination. Through a shortage contingency analysis, the reportalsoconcludesthattheCWAanditsmemberagencies,through EmergencyResponsePlans(ERP)andEmergencyStorageProjects (ESP),aretakingactionstoprepareforandappropriatelyhandlea catastrophicinterruptionofwatersupplies. While the CWA relies almost entirely on water imported from outside the region, the Sweetwater Authority has historically imported less than half of itswater to meet demand. Sweetwater andLoveland,thatstoresurfacerunofffromtheSweetwaterRiver.SweetwaterAuthorityalso adherestodevelopmentofadditionallocalresources,suchasgroundwaterpumpingand groundwaterdesalination.AsourCitygrows,theneedtoidentifythelong-termsupplyofwater continues. Ensure a long-term water supply to meet the needs of existing and futureusesinChulaVista. PagePFS-13 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 Policies AssistChulawateragenciesinpreparingandmaintainingUrbanWater PFS3.1 ManagementPlansthatidentifywaterdemandanticipatedbyexistingandnew development. PFS3.2 Coordinate withwater providerson long-rangeplanningprograms. PFS3.3 Participate in existing and future regional planning programs for water treatment, reclamation,anddistribution. PFS Encourage the development of new technologies and the use of new sources to 3.14 meetthelong-termwaterdemandsinChulaVista. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-14 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 3.1.4Long-TermSewerCapacities TheCitymaintainsandregularlyupdatesaWastewaterManagementPlantoevaluatethe adequacy of the existing wastewater collection system to sustain the long-term growth of the City. The Wastewater Management Plan helps the City budget for Capital Improvement Projects (CIP), allocate resources for the acquisition of additional sewage capacity, and determine the short and long-termsewercapacityneedsoftheCity. Objective-PFS4 Provide long-term wastewater treatment capacity to meet the needs of existingandnewdevelopmentinChulaVista. Policies Continually monitor wastewater flows and anticipate future wastewater increases PFS4.1 thatmayresultfromchangesinadoptedlandusepatterns. Participateinregionaldecision-makingtoexpandexistingregionalsewage PFS4.2 systems and control growth in wastewater treatment demand. Actively participate in the San Diego Metropolitan Sewage System (Metro) PFS4.3 wastewater expansion planning process, and, where appropriate, evaluate reasonablealternativesinordertoreduceChulaVista'sdependenceon Metro. PagePFS-15 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 3.2LawEnforcement,FireProtection,and Emergency Medical Services IntheCityofChulaVista,fireprotectionandemergencymedicalservicesareprovidedbythe ChulaVistaFireDepartment,andlawenforcementservicesareprovidedbytheChulaVistaPolice Department. Fire stations are dispersed throughout the City, while police facilities are centered in headquarters located in downtown Chula Vista (Figure 8-4 Police and Fire Station Locations). The current Fire Station Master Plan calls for nine fire stations, eight of which have been constructed. TheMasterPlanisbeingupdatedtoreflectchangestorespondtoarevisedsetofperformance criteria proposed in the Fire Department Strategic Plan. Therefore, the number and location of futurefirestations,alongwithhowtheyareequipped,maychange. Tomaintainthehighlevelofdependable,competentfireprotectionandemergencymedical services ourCity enjoys, several strategies will continue to be employed. The City will continue to useagrowthrelatedservicestandardtohelpdetermineifpublicsafetyisadequatelyprotected. FireDepartmentstaffingandequipmentwillcontinuetobeexpanded,asneeded,tomeetthe servicestandardandtominimizehazardstothefirefightersandpublic,inconformancewith changestotheupdatedFireDepartmentMasterPlan.TheFireDepartmentwillcontinueto enhance its capabilities and staffing through mutual aid agreements with fire departments in the surroundingcommunities. Similar strategies also facilitate the provision of law enforcement services that meet our City's needs.TheDepartmentwillcontinuetomonitorcallsforservice,analyzecrimestatisticsand residentsurveydata,andmakechangesinstaffingandpatrolstoreflectthegrowing community's needs. Effective fire protection and emergency medical and law enforcement services require two-way relationships with the community.Staff must understand the unique needs and conditions in the communityandthecommunitymustlendsupporttothevariousprogramsandeffortsofthe Police Department and Fire Department. The City encourages active participation by the Fire and Police Departments in all facets of community life, including involvement in area business, senior and youth activities. DisasterandEmergencyResponseProgram State regulations establish the Standardized Emergency Management System, (SEMS). The system includes requirements for incident command systems; multi-agency coordination systems; mutualaid agreements;andtheconcept.Asanagency(municipality)withemergency responsecapabilitywithinthestate,ChulaVistaisrequiredtousetheSEMSsystem. Chula Vista provides for the preparation and execution of plans for the protection of persons and property within the City in the event of an emergency (Chula Vista Municipal Code, Chapter 2.14, CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-16 PoliceandFireStationLocations NORTH N.T.S. Figure8-4 PagePFS-17 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 EmergencyOrganizationDepartment).TheCoderequires Chula Vista coordination of the emergency functions of the City with other public adopted a agencies,corporations,andorganizations. HAZMIT Plan in May 2004 to Theremaybeoccasionswhenalimitedscaleevacuationisthe appropriate response to an emergency situation.Under these help mitigate circumstances,peopleshouldbeevacuatedtoneighborhoodand impacts to the community schools, hospitals, and public facilities, where they could Cityintheevent receiveadequatecareandtreatment.Intheeventofamajor of a natural or disaster,wherealargepartoftheCitymayrequireevacuation,the man-made disaster. followingcirculationroutes,asshowninFigure8-5,maybeused: Interstate5;Interstate805;StateRoute54;andStateRoute125 E,H,JandLStreets;BonitaRoad;TelegraphCanyonRoad;OlympicParkway Naples,PalomarandMainStreets;OrangeAvenue Broadway; Fourth Avenue; Hilltop Drive; Oleander Avenue; Third Avenue; Melrose Avenue;OtayLakesRoad;andHeritageRoad. Federallaw(DisasterManagementAct2000)requiresthat,inordertoremaineligibleforpost- disasterFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA)fundingafterNovember2004,every jurisdictionintheUnitedStatesmusthaveanapprovedHazardMitigationPlan(HAZMITplan)to addressthemanagementof,andresponseto,emergencysituations.Inaddition,tobeeligiblefor pre-disaster FEMA funding for use in hazard mitigation, each jurisdiction's approved HAZMIT Planmustincludetheplannedusesofthosefunds.TheCityofChulaVistaadoptedaHAZMIT PlaninMay2004tohelpmitigateimpactstotheCityintheeventofanaturalorman-made disaster.TheCity'sHAZMITPlanwasincludedintheSanDiegoCountyMulti-Jurisdictional HAZMITPlansubmittedtoFEMAforapprovalincompliancewithFederallaw. 3.2.1KeepingPacewithGrowth (Police,FireProtection,andEmergencyMedicalServices) The City of Chula Vista has experienced significant residential growth over the last decade.The majorityofnewgrowthhasoccurredintheeast,wherecontinuedrelativelyhighgrowthis expectedinthecomingyears,alongwithdensityincreasesinthewest.Fireprotection, emergencymedicalserviceandpoliceserviceswillneedtoexpandtomatchthedemand broughtonbythisanticipatedgrowth. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-18 EmergencyEvacuationRoutes NORTH N.T.S. Figure8-5 PagePFS-19 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 maintainsonepoliceheadquarters,locatedinthewesternportionofthe City.If appropriate,the departmentcould establishsatellite storefront officestoprovideapresenceinotherneighborhoods. Maintain sufficient levels of fire protection, emergency medical service andpoliceservicestoprotectpublicsafetyandproperty. Policies ContinuetoadequatelyequipandstafftheFireDepartmenttoensurethat PFS5.1 establishedservicestandardsforemergencycallsaremet. Upgrade fire and emergency medical equipment, as required, to protect the public PFS5.2 fromhazardsandtoensurethesafetyoffirefighters. Supporttheprovisionofnewfirestations,asdeemednecessarythroughthe PFS5.3 existingorupdatedFireStationMasterPlan. Provide adequate law enforcement staff and equipment pursuant to Police PFS5.4 Departmentstrategicplanstomeetestablishedservicestandards. Explore the need to establish local, community-based satellite or storefront police PFS5.5 officestoenhancecommunitywell-being. Encouragecrimewatchprogramsinallneighborhoods. PFS5.6 Priortoapprovalofanydiscretionaryprojects,ensurethatconstructionisphased PFS5.7 withprovisionofpoliceandfireprotectionservicessuchthatservicesareprovided priortoorconcurrentwithneed. RequirethatthePoliceandFireDepartmentsmaintainactiveparticipatoryrolesin PFS5.8 the community. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-20 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 3.2.2EmergencyResponseandDevelopment GeneralPlanpoliciesandGrowthManagementstandardstienew developmentandredevelopmenttotheprovisionofadequatepublic facilities and services, including police and fire protection.Due to rolling terrain and varied topography, some new developments have winding streetsandirregularlayoutsinsteadofthegridpatternfoundinolder, traditionalneighborhoods.Somedesigncharacteristics,suchasnarrow street widths, aim to create walkable communities, serve to establish an overallneighborlyatmosphere,andtendtoreducetrafficspeeds.In mixeduseneighborhoods,densityincreasesmayresultintaller buildings.Theevolvingurbanformandthecumulativeincreasein developmentwillaffectemergencyserviceresponsetimesaswellasthe equipment, facilities and personnelneeded for fire andpolice services. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a method of incorporating design techniquesintoprojectstohelpreducethepotentialforcrime.CPTEDisusedinthedevelopment of parks; residential and commercial projects; schools; transit stations; and parking lots to reduce thenumberofcallsforservice.Thereducedcallvolumemayfavorablyimpactresponsetimes. CPTEDincludestheuseoffourprimarystrategies: Providingnaturalaccesscontrolintoareas; Improvingnaturalsurveillance(i.e.,Increasingonthe Maintainingandmanagingapropertytoreducecrimeanddisorder;and Usingterritorialreinforcementtodistinguishprivatespacefrompublicspace. Provide adequate fire and police protection services to newly developing andredevelopingareasoftheCity. Policies PagePFS-21 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 Continue to require new development and redevelopment projects to demonstrate PFS6.1 adequateaccessforfireandpolicevehicles. PFS6.2 Require new development and redevelopment projects to demonstrate adequate waterpressuretonewbuildings. PFS6.3 Encourage Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) techniques in newdevelopmentandredevelopmentprojects. 3.2.3Emergency Response Program A Citywide emergency response program provides the framework for responding to any type of emergency or disaster that might occur in ChulaVista.Accomplishingefficientemergencyresponseinvolves coordinationwithotheragenciesregardingdisasterpreparedness; preparationandregularupdateoftheemergencyresponseplan; educationofresidentsandbusinessesabouttheplanandabout evacuationroutes;andperiodictrainingofCitystaffandother emergencyresponsestafftoeffectivelyimplementtheplan. Develop pre-disaster programs to ensure swift and efficient response to emergenciesanddisasters. Policies ImplementaCitywideEmergencyResponsePlantorespondtolocalandregional PFS7.1 emergencies,maintainandupdateitasneededtorespondtochangesin emergency response systems and threats to public safety. Identify minimum widths fortheroadsandforvegeation-clearareasfortheidentifiedevacuationroutes. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-22 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 Educatethecommunityaboutemergencypreparednessandevacuationroutes. PFS7.3 Prepare,maintain,andimplementacurrentHazardMitigationPlan,incompliance PFS7.4 with Federal law. Whenapplicableandavailable,applyforHazardMitigationGrantProgramfunding PFS7.5 fromFEMA,withreferencetotheHAZMITPlan 3.2.4PostEmergencyResponse In the event of disasters and emergencies, a swift and efficient response minimizesinjuries,casualties,andpropertydamage.Planningpost- disasteroperationsensuresthesafety,health,andwelfareofour residents by allowing critical operations to continue as expeditiously and efficientlyaspossiblefollowingacatastrophicevent.Post-disaster analysiswillhelpourCityimprovesafetyplansandresponses. Provide for the efficient and effective delivery of public health, safety, and welfare services in post-disaster situations. Policies Cooperatewithlocal,state,andfederalagencies,andwithemergencyresponse PFS8.1 organizationssuchastheRedCross,toensuretemporaryhousingfordisplaced residents following an emergency or disaster situation. Withinsixmonthsofanyarea-widedisaster,analyzetheresponse,theCitywide PFS8.2 Emergency Response Plan, and the HAZMIT Plan, and propose revisions as needed.. PagePFS-23 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 Develop post-disaster development regulations to assist displaced residents to PFS8.3 rebuild damaged and destroyed structures as expeditiously as possible. IntheeventofadisasterinChulaVista,applyforandobtainFederalfunding PFS8.4 From FEMA, as applicable, to augment recovery efforts in the community. 3.3Schools Excellentschoolsareassetstoanycommunity.Twoschool districtsserve the City: Chula Vista Elementary School District Two school (CVESD)operateskindergartenthroughsixthgradeand;Sweetwater districts serve the UnionHighSchoolDistrict(SUHSD)operatesjuniorandseniorhigh City: Chula Vista schools,andancillaryprograms.Highereducationisavailable Elementary School throughSouthwesternCommunityCollege.TheCityisalsopursuing District (CVESD) developmentofafour-yearcollegeoruniversity. and Sweetwater UnionHighSchool Asof2004,theCVESDoperate42schoolsandtheSUHSDoperated District (SUHSD). 26schools,bothwithinandoutsidetheboundariesoftheCityof ChulaVista(Figure8-6).Bothdistrictsactivelyplanfor modernizationandexpansionofcampusestoaccommodate anticipatedincreasesinenrollments.TheCVESD,inparticular,hascompletedimprovementsto almostallitsschoolsintheolder,westernportionoftheCitythroughmodernizationprograms andbondissues.TheSUHSD,likewise,preparedmodernizationplansinpreparationfor construction in 2005. Both districts serve a diverse population beyond Chula Vista's City limits, including the San Diego Countycommunities of Bonita and Sunnyside, and the southern portion of the City of San Diego. Enrollmentsin2004were26,195forCVESDandover41,000forSUHSD(GrowthManagement Questionnaire). Approximately 45 languages are spoken in the districts, and more than one-third ofthestudentpopulationconsistsofEnglishlanguagelearners.Effortstoaccommodatehigh enrollmentsincludetheuseofmodular/relocatableclassrooms.Schoolsaredesignedto accommodate these modular units during temporary spikes in student enrollment. The school districts provide many educational programs and facilities.In addition to traditional instruction,FamilyResourceCentersarelocatedonthesitesoffourelementaryschools(asof 2004).TheseCentersoffervariouscommunityservices,including:casemanagement;counseling; emergencyfood;assistancewithhealthinsuranceandotherapplicationsorforms;jobsearch help;andemploymentinternships.Alsoinplacethroughtheschooldistrictsareprogramsfor CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-24 ExistingPrimaryandSecondarySchoolsServingChulaVista LEGEND E ElementarySchool CityofChulaVistaBoundary M MiddleSchool OtherCitiesBoundary H HighSchool Elementary School District Boundary A AdultSchool High School District Boundary CC CommunityCollege WaterBodies NORTH N.T.S. Figure8-6 PagePFS-25 BLANK PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 professional development, model technology; pre-service bilingual teacher training; dual languageacquisition;state-fundedpreschoolprograms;andextendeddaychildcare. ChulaVistahasactivelypursuedthepossibilityoflocatingauniversitywithinitsboundaries,asa UniversityofCaliforniacampusoranotherpublicorprivateinstitution.Asof2004,theCity identifiedapproximately1,250acresintheOtayRanch/SaltCreekareaoftheCityasasitefora potentialinstitutionofhighereducation. 3.3.1KeepingPacewithGrowthandTechnology (SchoolFacilities) DemandforschoolfacilitieswillcontinuetoincreaseasourCity's populationgrows.EasternChulaVista'sresidentialgrowthbetween2000 and2003,washigh,withcontinuedhighgrowthexpected.Inaddition, populationgrowthinwesternChulaVistamayimpactexisting,older schoolfacilities.Modernizationofschoolcampusesisexpectedto continue as the school districts plan for facility improvements. Technology continuestochangetheworkplaceandthesocialandcultural environmentsofourcommunity.Theschoolsystem,whichhelpsshape ourchildrenandourfuture,mustkeeppacewiththeneedsofa changing workforce and technological world. While the development andsitingofschoolsfallsunderthejurisdictionofthelocalschool districts, not the City, it is the City's intent to facilitate the district's efforts toprovideschoolservices. Develop schools that cultivate and educate people of all ages, that meet theneedsoftheworkforce,andthatserveascommunitycenters. Policies Coordinatewithlocalschooldistrictsduringreviewofapplicablediscretionary PFS9.1 approvaltoprovideadequateschoolfacilities,tomeetneedsgeneratedby development,andtoavoidovercrowding,inaccordancewiththeguidelinesand limitationsofGovernmentCode65996(b). PagePFS-27 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 Encourage the consideration of new approaches to accommodate student PFS9.2 enrollments,includingalternativecampuslocationsandeducationprograms. Assistschooldistrictsinidentifyingandacquiringschoolsitesfornew PFS9.3 constructioninneededtimeframes. Assistschooldistrictsinidentifyingsourcesoffundingfortheexpansionof PFS9.4 facilitiesinwesternChulaVista,asneeded,basedongrowth. Workcloselywiththeschooldistrictstoidentifyneedsforpubliceducation PFS9.5 facilities and programs, including developing and expanding extra-curricular recreationandeducationalprogramsforprimary,secondaryandadulteducation, and providing state-of-the-art information services 3.3.2SiteLocationandDesign (SchoolFacilities) This General Plan identifies only generalized locations for future schoolfacilities.Specificparcelsarenotidentifiedorzonedforthese publicuses.Thisallowsflexibilityinthedevelopmentprocessto ensureadequateacreage,properaccess,andappropriatedesign. Schooldistrictscontrolsiteselectionandschooldesign.Inall instances,safepickupanddropoffofstudentsisaprimaryconcern. Schoolsaregenerallydesignedwiththeintentofaddingmodular units to accommodate temporary spikes in student enrollment. While both Chula Vista school districts use this strategy, drawbacks include thefactthattheunitsdisplaceparking,openspaceandrecreation areas.SomeschoolsinwesternChulaVistaarealreadyrunningout oflimitedopenspaceandhavenoroomtoexpandtheircampuses intheircurrentlandlockedlocations. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-28 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 Efficientlylocateanddesignschoolfacilities. Policies Coordinateandmakerecommendationstotheschooldistrictsandproperty PFS10.1 ownersanddevelopersonthelocation,size,anddesignofschoolfacilities relativetotheir locationinthecommunity.Encourageschooldistrictstoconsider joint use and alternative structural design, such as multi-story buildings, where appropriate. Coordinate with the school districts to maximize student safetyat school PFS10.2 campusesandpubliclibraryfacilities. Requirethatproposedlandusesadjacenttoaschoolsitebeplannedinsucha PFS10.3 mannerastominimizenoiseimpactsandmaximizecompatibilitybetweenthe uses. Encourage the central location of new schools within the neighborhoods or areas PFS10.4 theyservesoastofurthercommunitydevelopmentandenhancethequalityof life. C oordinate with the school districts on the design of school grounds, PFS 10.5 gymnasiums and sports fields to provide for access and use of these facilities by theYouthSportsCouncilmemberorganizationsandthesurrounding community. Consider siting elementary schools adjacent to neighborhoodparks, where PFS10.6 feasible,toallowforexpandeduseoftheschoolgroundsandclassroomsbythe generalpublicandtheparkareabytheschoolchildren. PagePFS-29 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 3.4Libraries Successfullibrarysystemsservetoincreaseknowledgeand Planning is underway enrichliveswithinthecommunitybyequitablyconnecting to develop a facility to peopletoprograms,services,andresources.TheChulaVista PublicLibrary,createdin1891,twentyyearsbeforetheCityof servethenorthernand ChulaVistawasformallychartered,isanintegralpartofthe eastern portion of the City.Threelibraryfacilitiesserveourcommunity:CivicCenter City, including the Branch,EastlakeBranch,andSouthChulaVistaBranch.Asof Rancho Del Rey, 2004, these facilities comprised a total of 102,000 square feet of Eastlake, and Otay libraryspace,includingsupportandadministrativespace.A Ranchneighborhoods. fourthfacility,locatedinBonitaandoperatedbytheCountyof SanDiego,alsoservesChulaVistaresidents(Figure8-7). TheCivicCenterBranchLibraryisthesystem'slargestfacility,andhasmanyuniqueresources, includingcityandlocalhistoryinformation,environmentalimpactreports,andgenealogy resources.TheSouthChulaVistaBranchLibraryisoneofthemostattractive,dramatic,and functionallibrariesconstructedinthelasttenyears.Itincludesthelatestintechnologyanda strong collection of popular media. This branch serves as a model library and hosts regular tours of officials from other jurisdictions. The Eastlake Branch Library is a joint-use facility between the Chula Vista Public Library and the Sweetwater Union High School District.Housed in a building intherearareaoftheEastlakeHighSchoolcampus,thefacilityservesastheHighSchool Libraryduringtheschoolday,andasapubliclibraryduringnon-schoolhours. In 2001, the Chula Vista Public Library developed a strategic plan to provide a blueprint for library serviceoverthenextfiveyears,andtofocusprioritiesandresourcestoensurethatChulaVista residents receive the highest quality library service possible. Planning is underway to develop a facilitytoservethenorthernandeasternportionoftheCity,includingtheRanchoDelRey, Eastlake,andOtayRanchneighborhoods.AnewbranchoftheChulaVistaPublicLibraryis expectedtoopentothepublicinlate2007orearly2008. Although not formally counted as part of the library, the Civic Center Branch also oversees the operationoftheapproximately500-square-footChulaVistaHeritageMuseumontheedgeof MemorialPark.ThemissionoftheHeritageMuseumistolocate;collect;display;preserve;and recordmaterialsoflocalhistoricinteresttotheSouthSanDiegoBaycommunities.Themuseum collection has expanded beyond its available square footage and, therefore, uses the Civic Center Branchbasementtostoreandprocessphotosandmemorabilia. TheEducationalServicesDivision,formedin1998,overseestheliteracyprogramsandthe STRETCH and DASH after school-programs.The Office of Cultural Arts Division is responsible for fosteringacommunity-wideappreciationofthearts,producingartsevents,andproviding administrativeandtechnicalsupporttolocalartsgroups. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-30 ExistingandProposedLibraries NORTH N.T.S. Figure8-7 PagePFS-31 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 3.4.1KeepingPacewithGrowthandTechnology (LibraryFacilities) DemandforlibraryfacilitieswillcontinuetoincreaseastheCity's populationgrowsinboththeeasternareasoftheCity,throughnew development, and in the older western areas, through redevelopment anddensityincreases.Thelibrarysystemmustremainrelevantas technologycontinuestochangeourwork,social,andcultural environments.ThetimelydevelopmentandequippingofChulaVista librarieswillcontinuetobeanimportantgoaloftheCity. Objective-PFS11 Providealibrarysystemoffacilitiesandprogramsthatmeetstheneeds ofChulaVistaresidentsofallages. Policies Duringreviewoflanduseissuesrequiringdiscretionaryapproval,coordinatewith PFS11.1 theCityofChulaVistaPublicLibrarytoprovideadequatelibraryfacilitiesthat meettheneedsgeneratedbydevelopment. WithinfivetoeightyearsencourageanupdatetotheChulaVistaPublicLibrary PFS11.2 Facilities Master Plan. InneededtimeframesassisttheChulaVistaPublicLibraryinidentifyingand PFS11.3 acquiringlibrarysitesfornewconstruction. AssisttheChulaVistaPublicLibraryinidentifyingsourcesoffundingforthe PFS11.4 expansionoffacilitiesinwesternChulaVistaasneeded,basedongrowth. WorkcloselywiththeChulaVistaPublicLibrarytoidentifyneedsforpublic PFS11.5 outreach programs, including developing and expanding extra-curricular recreation and educational programs, and providing state-of-the-art information services. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-32 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 3.4.2SiteLocationandDesign (LibraryFacilities) Communitysurveysshowthatlocationisthesinglemostimportant reasonthatresidentschoosetouseaparticularpubliclibrary. Criteria for siting new library facilities include proximity to community activity centers, high visibility from the street, and adequate vehicularor transitaccesstothesite. ThisGeneralPlanidentifiesonlygeneralizedlocationsforfuture library facilities. Specific parcels are not identified or zoned, thereby allowing flexibility in the development process to ensure adequate acreage,properaccess,andappropriatedesign. Objective-PFS12 Efficientlylocateanddesignlibraryfacilities. Policies CoordinateandmakerecommendationstotheChulaVistaPublicLibraryand PFS12.1 property owners/developers on the location, size and design of library facilities relativetotheirlocationinthecommunity. Maximizecustomersafetyatpubliclibraryfacilities. PFS12.2 Requirethatproposedlandusesadjacenttoalibrarysitebeplannedinsucha PFS12.3 mannerastominimizenoiseimpactsandmaximizecompatibilitybetweenthe uses. PagePFS-33 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 3.4.3JointUseofSchoolandLibraryFacilities Increased residential densities and intensity of development in westernChulaVista,aswellascontinueddevelopmentineastern ChulaVista,willresultinanincreaseddemandonschoolandlibrary facilities.Creativemethodstomeetthisincreaseddemandwillbe pursued by the City.One opportunity would be joint-use facilities where school and library resources mutually benefit.A public library facilityassociatedwithanyfour-yearuniversityorcollegethat ultimately locates in the City could be a positive joint-use venture. Futurejointusefacilitieswillbedesignedtoensureproper accessibility. Objective-PFS13 Usealternativesitelocationanddesignmethods,includingjointuseof facilities,tomeettheschoolandpubliclibraryneedsoftheCity. Policies Consider and suggest joint-use of school and public library facilities, where PFS13.1 feasible,especiallyathighschoolsandinstitutionsofhigherlearning. Ensure that operation of joint-use facilities provides adequate and safe child PFS13.2 supervision consistent with school district policies. Encouragethemaintenanceofsafeaccess,clearsignage,andsufficientparking PFS13.3 forjoint-useschoolandpubliclibraryfacilities. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-34 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 3.5ParksandRecreation Parksandrecreationfacilitiesandprogrammingareessentialto Communityparks, thehealthandwelfareofthoselivingandworkingintheCityof Chula Vista. Parks can provide a relief from the stress of daily life designed to serve andcontributetoneighborhoodengagement,economic more than one developmentcommunityrevitalization andthehealthand neighborhood,are sustainability of the community. Figure 8-9 shows existing and ideally30ormore futureapprovedparksandrecreationfacilities.Thedifferent acres and provide typesofparksandrecreationfacilitiesfoundinChulaVistaare a wide variety of describedbelow.This section includes policies and objectives facilities. relatedtoprovidingavarietyofwellmaintained,safeand accessible active and passive recreational uses city-wide. Regional parks are large open space and recreational facilities, and include uses such as public golf courses; beaches; lakes; trails; campgrounds; and wildlife refuges. As of 2004, Chula Vista hadover9,433undevelopedacresofregionalparks,includingsignificantportionsofthe Sweetwater and Otay River Valleys and the Otay Reservoirs. These make up a significant portion of the Chula Vista Greenbelt, a concept first introduced in the 1989 General Plan. Communityparks,designedtoservemorethanoneneighborhood,areideally30ormoreacres andprovideawidevarietyoffacilitiesincluding:swimmingpools;playingfields;recreation centers; cultural centers; and picnic areas. The City's six community parks range in size from 15 to 60acres.The59.9-acreRohrParkcouldbeconsideredaregionalparkfortheSouthBay,givenits locationandamenities.Asof2004,theCityhadover177acresofcommunityparks. Neighborhoodparks,intendedtoservelocalresidents,rangeinsizefrom5to15acres,and includeopenplayspace,playingfields,playequipment,andpicnicareas.Asof2004,theCityhad approximately 195 acres of neighborhood parks within walking distance of the residents they serve. Mini-parksconsistofbothpublicandprivatefacilities,aretypicallylessthanfouracresinsize, serveasmallernumberofhomes,andcontainverylimitedfacilities,suchasatotlotorplay structureandsomegrassplayarea.Publicminiparksaretypicallylocatedintheolderwestern portionoftheCity.Privatemini-parks,includingcommonuseableopenspaceareas,aretypically locatedeastofInterstate805innewmasterplannedcommunitiesandarenotconsideredfor publicparkcredit.Approximately20acresofpublicmini-parksareinexistenceasof2004. Urbanparksaregenerallylocatedinurbandowntownareasandmaycontainfacilitiessuchas: public plazas; tot lots; play structures; public art features; sports courts (such as basketball or tennis); walking/jogging trails; dog walk areas; picnic or seating areas; some grass play area; and trees.Urbanparks,whichprimarilyonlyoccurwestofInterstate805,whereinfilland redevelopment activity is likely to occur, may be considered for public park credit as a necessary component of PagePFS-35 CityofChulaVistaListofExisting,Proposed,FuturePark&RecreationFacilities 1Bayside/MarinaPark32Unnamed-OVRPRecreation60UnnamedPark-WestLandfill 2UnnamedPark-BayfrontHarborSubareaArea661UnnamedPark-OtayRanchVillage2 3BayBoulevardPark33UnnamedPark-RiosAvenue62UnnamedPark-OtayRanchVillage2 4EucalyptusPark34Unnamed-OVRPRecreation63SantaVenetiaPark 5UnnamedPark-LowerSweetwaterArea764UnnamedPark-OtayRanchVillage4 6UnnamedPark-HarborView35RohrPark 65UnnamedCommunityCenter-OtayRanch 7UnnamedPark-Downtown36TerraNovaPark Village 4 8WillT.Hyde/FriendshipPark37ExplorerPark66UnnamedPark-OtayRanchVillage7 9NormanPark38BonitaLongCanyonPark 67UnnamedPark-OtayRanchVillage 8 10NormanParkCenter39MarisolPark 68UnnamedPark-OtayRanchVillage8 11ChulaVistaMemorialPark40DiscoveryPark 69Unnamed-OVRPRecreationArea10 41GayleMcCandlissPark70Unnamed-OVRPRecreationArea11East 12Chula Vista Memorial Park Community 42PaseoDelReyPark71UnnamedPark-SanMiguelRanch Center 13HilltopPark43SunridgePark72MacKenzieCreekPark 14LancerlotPark44IndependencePark73MontevallePark 15HaborsidePark45RanchoDelReyPark74MontevalleParkCommunityCenter 16Unnamed Park-PalomarGateway46TiffanyPark75ChulaVistaCommunityPark 17UnnamedPark-OxfordTownFocus47VoyagerPark76SaltCreekCommunityPark 18LauderbachPark48SunbowPark77SaltCreekCommunityCenter 19CommunityYouthCenter49GregRogersPark78MountainHawkPark 20PalomarPark50Park79SunsetViewPark 21SherwoodPark80WindingwalkPark 51ParkCommunity 22SDG&EPark81Unnamed Park-Eastern Urban Center Center 23LomaVerde&OrangeAvenueFields52HorizonPark 82Unnamed Community Center-Eastern Urban 24ReinstraBallFields53HeritagePark Center 25LosNinosPark 54HeritageParkCommunity 83UnnamedPark-OtayRanchVillage9 26ConnoleyPark Center 84UnnamedPark-OtayRanchVillage9 27HolidayEstatesIPark55HarvestPark 85UnnamedPark-OtayRanchVillage9 28HolidayEstatesIIPark56SantaCoraPark 86UnnamedPark-OtayRanchVillage13 29OtayPark57CottonwoodPark 87UnnamedPark-OtayRanchVillage13 30OtayRecreationCenter58BreezewoodPark88ChulaVista Nature Center 31UnnamedPark-BeyerWay59ValleLindoPark 89UnnamedPark-OtayRanchVillage3 90UnnamedPark-OtayRanchVillage10 Figure8-8 PagePFS-36 ExistingandProposedPublicParksandRecreationFacilities LEGEND PotentialNeighborhoodPark CityBoundary Recreational Complex Sweetwater Regional Park Boundary Future Recreational Complex OtayLakeCountyParkBoundary Community Center OVRP Concept Plan Boundary FutureCommunityCenter Community Park Mini Park FutureCommunityPark OVRP Potential Recreational Areas PotentialCommunityPark Neighborhood Park Special Purpose Park FutureNeighborhoodPark NORTH N.T.S. PagePFS-37 Figure8-9 BLANK PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 anoverallparkservicesolution,whereavailableandaffordable landisscarce.Similartomini-parks,urbanparksmayservea Chula Vista smallernumberofhomesthanneighborhoodparks,depending offersafullrange ontheultimatehousingdensitywithintheirserviceareas.Theywill of classes, typicallybelessthanfouracresinsize.Asof2004,nourban sportsactivities, parkswerelocatedintheCity. after-school programs and Specialpurposeparksmayvaryinsizeupto30acresormore, day camps containspecializedfacilitiesorthemes,andservetheentireCity. The3.4-acreChulaVistaNatureCenterisanexampleofaspecial for all ages. purpose park. Recreationfacilitiesaregenerallylocatedwithincommunityparks,andinclude:community centers; gymnasiums; swimming pools; youth centers; and senior centers.Recreation facilities are currently provided through development impact fees collected as part of the recreation componentoftheCity'sPublicFacilitiesDevelopmentImpactFee(PFDIF).Asof2004,theCityhad fourcommunitycenters;oneyouthcenter;oneseniorcenter;onegymnasium;andtwoswimming pools. Chula Vista offers a full range of classes; programs; events; sports activities; after-school programs; and day camps for all ages.In addition, the Chula Vista Public Library, the YMCA, Boys and Girls Club and other non-profit organizations; commercial vendors; school districts; churches; and volunteer groups maintain a series of after-school programs and other valuable recreational programs to serve the community. A wide variety of outdoor recreation and leisure opportunities areavailabletotheresidentsofChulaVistabecauseofitslocationinsouthSanDiegoCounty. Public beaches; harbors; local mountains; and deserts are all within short traveling distances. In addition, commercial facilities, such as the water park; Amphitheater; the Olympic Training Center; and numerous movie theaters; arcades; bowling alleys; skate parks; and regulation and miniature golf courses provide further recreational opportunities. Several related documents address the development of parks and recreation facilities in the City. TheChulaVistaParksandRecreationMasterPlan,adoptedinNovember2002,containsan inventory of existing parks and recreation facilities, a needs assessment, and policies to implement the General Plan. The Master Plan envisions the City's park and recreation facilities as an integrated system of amenities, programs, and services interwoven throughout over 700 acres of parkland to meet the expressed needs of the community. The Greenbelt Master Plan identifies segmentsofanoverallbackbonesystemof28linearmilesofopenspaceandparksthatencircle theCity.ItdiscussesuniqueopportunitiesforacontinuoustrailsystemtolinkCityparksand other resources outside of the City boundary. PagePFS-39 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 3.5.1KeepingPacewithGrowth (ParksandRecreation) TheCitystrivestomaintainexistingparksandrecreationfacilities;to offerrecreationalprogramstomeetcurrentdemand;toplanand constructnewparksandfacilities;andtodevelopnewprogramsto meet future demand due to growth. The majority of residential growth inthelastdecadehasoccurredineasternChulaVista;however,itis anticipated that significant growth will occur in both the east and the westinthefuture. TheParksandRecreationMasterPlanandPublicFacilities DevelopmentImpactFeeprogramprovidedirectionandfinancingfor the size and location of parks and recreation facilities, based on population, density, and land use designation. Timelydevelopmentandtheprovisionofstaffingandequipmentthatisresponsivetogrowthand community demands and expectations are important. Objective-PFS14 Provide parks and recreation facilities and programscitywide that are well-maintained;safe;accessibletoallresidents;andthatoffer opportunities forpersonal development, health, and fitness, in addition torecreation. Policies Maximizetheuseofexistingparksandrecreationfacilitiesthroughupgradesand PFS14.1 additions/changestoprogramstomeettheneedsofthecommunity. Construct new parks and recreation facilities that reflect the interests and needs PFS14.2 tothecommunity andthatprovideaccesstosafeplayspacesforchildrento encourage more physical activity. Continue to maintain and update the Chula Vista Parks and Recreation Master PFS14.3 Plan; the Greenbelt Master Plan; the Park Dedication Ordinance; the Parks and Facilities Rules Ordinance andtherecreationcomponentofthePublic Facilities DevelopmentImpactFee(DIF) CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-40 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 Useparkdedication;location;sitedesign;andacceptancestandards,asprovided PFS14.4 intheChulaVistaParksandRecreationMasterPlan;theParkDedication Ordinance;andtheRecreationDIF,asmaybeamendedfromtimetotime. Work with proponents of new development projects and redevelopment projects PFS14.5 attheearlieststagestoensurethatparks;recreation;trails;andopenspace facilities are designed to meet City standards and are built in a timely manner to meettheneedsofresidentstheywillserve. Design recreation programs to reflect the interests and recreation needs of the PFS14.6 children;teens;adults;andseniorslivinginourethnicallydiverseCity. Exploreopportunitiesforcollaborationsandpartnershipswithlocal PFS14.7 organizations,expanduseofvolunteers,anddevelopcommercialrecreational facilitiesthatmeetpublicdemandandneed. Continuetoprovideadequateparkmaintenance;parkrangerservice; PFS14.8 recreation services; staffing; and equipment to ensure safe, well-maintained, and well-managedfacilities. PFS14.9 Considerabroadmixofpublicparktypestomeetpublicparkrequirementsin theEasternUrbanCenter(EUC),inresponsetothedensitiesanddevelopment planned. PFS14.10 Explore opportunities in the Eastern Urban Center (EUC) for development of a unique,shared,orclusteredcomplexofpublicfacilities,suchasa recreationcommunitycenter;library;culturalartscenter;ormuseum. 3.5.2MeetingParkDemand HistoricparkdevelopmentinwesternChulaVistahasbeenimpacted byseveralfactors:pre-existingparkdevelopmentstandardsthat limiting park dedication requirements for new development); and Proposition13(statelegislationlimitingpropertytaxrevenues). createacorrespondingincreaseindemandforrecreation facilities and programs. The current City-wide standard for new PagePFS-41 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 developmentprovidesforeitherthededicationanddevelopmentofthreeacresofparklandfor every 1,000 residents, or the payment of in- Feeprovidesafundingmechanismandnewdevelopmentrecreationfacilityrequirements.City- wide parkland and recreation development policies to guide future ordinances and master planningareidentifiedbelow. Whilefuturegrowthwillresultintheneedandrequirementforadditionalparklandsand recreationalfacilities,therewillbeincreaseddifficultyinsecuringappropriateparkandrecreation sitesinwesternChulaVista,wherelandislargelybuiltout.Lackofvacantandunder-usedland, and/orcompetingdemandsandusesforlandinthewestprovidechallengestoincreasepark and recreation facility inventory . Maximizing the utility of existing parks and recreation facilities through renovation and expansion and consideration of non-active recreational use within existingutilitycorridorscanassistinaddressingexistingrecreationneedsinthewest;however, whilethisstrategywillnotprovideadditionalparkacreage,itwillpartiallymeettheneedsof future residents. In addition to parkland acquisition efforts, potential solutionsfornewparksitesincludethecoveringofportionsof Interstate5tocreateparkandopenspaceareas;activeandnon- active recreational uses on land controlled by the Port of San Diego; andjoint-useofschoolclassrooms;playingfieldsandsportscourts bythepublic,viajoint-useagreements.Theprovisionofa communitycenterwithinurbandevelopmentareasshouldbe considered, possibly within a new mixed use or storefront environment. AnoverallcombinationofparkandrecreationfacilitiestoserveallChulaVistaresidentsis planned. While a majority of the future demand for facilities may be met within planned public parksites,therewillcontinuetobeaneedtorelyonquasi-publicparksitesandjoint-use facilities to increase recreation facility inventory in our City. Details and strategies for meeting park demand will be addressed further through comprehensive revisions to the existing Parks and RecreationMasterPlan. Objective-PFS15 ProvidenewparkandrecreationfacilitiesforresidentsCity-wide. Policies Continuetopursueacity-widestandardfortheprovisionofdevelopedparkland PFS 15.1 fornewdevelopmentprojectsofthreeacresperestimatedonethousandnew residents. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-42 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 Consider a combination of land dedication, improvements, and/or in-lieu fees for PFS15.2 parkdevelopmentimprovementsintheNorthwestandSouthwestPlanning Areastobetterservethepublicparkandrecreationneedsoffutureresidents. Considerabroadmixofparktypesandfacilitiestowardmeetingpark PFS15.3 requirements in the Northwest and Southwest planning areas, in response to existingdevelopmentconditionsandlackoflandavailability.Suchfacilities couldincludeurbanparks;plazas;neighborhoodparks;andcommunityparks tomeettheparklanddedicationrequirementsofnewdevelopmentinthewest. Promotetheinclusionofparkandrecreationfacilitiesinornearredevelopment PFS15.4 areastobothservethenewdevelopmentandtocontributetomeetingexisting parkandrecreationneeds. Useparkdedication,location,sitedesign,andacceptanceofdedication PFS15.5 standards, as provided in the Chula Vista Parks and Recreation Master Plan, the Park Dedication Ordinance and the Recreation Development Impact Fee (DIF) program,asmaybeamendedfromtimetotime. Evaluatefinancingoptions,includingthepossibilityofageneralobligation PFS15.6 bond,foracquiringanddevelopingadditionalparkspaceandrecreation facilities,andforupgradingexistingfacilities. Work with proponents of new development projects and redevelopment projects PFS15.7 attheearlieststagestoensurethatparks;recreation;trails;andopenspace facilities are designed to meet City standards and are built in a timely manner to meettheneedsofresidentstheywillserve. AmendtheParksandRecreationMasterPlantoaddanew PFS 15.8 definition for parks that may be developed within western Chula Vista, subject to specificsiting,design,parkdedication,andcreditcriteria. Pursuethefunding,design,anddevelopmentofaspecialpurposeparkasa PFS 15.9 deck,ordeckscoveringportionsofInterstate5thatwouldprovideanenhanced community connection between the Bayfront, and the E Street Trolley Station Transit Focus Area. PagePFS-43 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 PFS15.10 Pursuethefunding,design,anddevelopmentofaconnectedparkaspartofthe Civic Center complex that links Will T. Hyde/Friendship Park, the Civic Center and Parkway Memorial Park PFS15.11 Considerthedesignofnon-traditional,uniquelythemedparksintheUrban CoreandBayfrontthatare-attractionsordestinations,having uniquecharacterandfeatures. PFS15.12 Supportthecreativepublic/privatepartnershipstoaddressthelackofgvacant and under-used land and challenges of increasing park and recreation facility inventory to provide safe andconvenient accessto physicaactivity 3.5.3RegionalFacilitiesinOtayValleyRegionalPark TheOtayValleyRegionalParkisan8,700-acre,multi-jurisdictional regionalopenspacebeingplannedbytheCityofChulaVista,the CityofSanDiegoandtheCountyofSanDiego.Itwillcontaina substantialpreservearea,aswellasactiverecreationandpassive parkopportunities.Equestrian,hiking, andbikingtrailsare anticipated.TheOtayValleyRegionalParkConceptPlan anticipates the park to extend throughout the Otay River Valley from SanDiegoBaytoUpperandLowerOtayLakes.Whiletheparkis regionalinscope,theprovisionofcertainactiveandpassive recreational facilities will effectively serve as local neighborhood and/orcommunityparksfortheCityofChulaVistaand,thus,will increase the total park land-to-population ratio in the City. TheMultipleSpeciesConservationProgram(MSCP)isa comprehensiveprogramforthepreservationofmorethan85 sensitiveplantandanimalspeciesintheregion.TheCityofChula VistaMSCPSubareaPlanimplementstheMSCPintheCityofChula Vista.TheSubareaPlananticipatesdevelopmentofupto246acres ofactiverecreationuseswithintheChulaVistaMSCPSubareaPlan preserveintheeasternportionoftheOtayValleyRegionalPark. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-44 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 Objective-PFS16 Develop active and passive recreational uses withinportions of the Otay ValleyRegionalParklocatedwithintheCityofChulaVista,in accordancewiththeMSCP. Policies ContinuetoactivelyparticipateintheplanninganddevelopmentoftheOtay PFS16.1 ValleyRegionalParkthroughimplementationoftheOtayValleyRegionalPark ConceptPlanandcoordinationwiththeCountyofSanDiegoandCityofSan Diego. Pursue Federal and State grant funding for the acquisition; development; PFS16.2 maintenance;andoperationoftheOtayValleyRegionalPark. Establish development guidelines and standards for new development projects PFS16.3 adjacenttotheOtayValleyRegionalParkthatrecognizeandprotectthenatural resourcesandenhanceuserexperiencesofthepark. 3.5.4ChulaVistaLandmarkPark Chula Vista enjoys an ideal setting on the bay, close to river valleys and mountains. The City's location within San Diego County and the geography of the area provide several advantages for attracting residents, businesses, and visitors. To enhance the attractiveness of Chula Vista, it has beenrecommendedthroughpublicinputreceivedintheupdatingofthisGeneralPlanthatthe Citystrivetoincreaseitslocalandregionalparkfacilitiestoserveexistingandfutureresidents. Further,theCityshouldcreateasignificantpublicopenspaceorgatheringplacethattheentire wouldprovideastrongsenseofplacewherepeoplecouldseefriends,meetandgreettheir neighbors, and where they would feel a strong sense of attachment to the community. This landmarkparkwouldprovideactivitiesfordifferentages,beaccessibleandeasytomove through,andwouldbewellintegratedwithadjoininglanduses.Itwouldbeaplacewhere peoplefeelcomfortable,safe,andenjoybringingout-of-townvisitors. PagePFS-45 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 Asconceptuallyimagined,alandmarkparkinChulaVistawouldbeofuniquedesign,and possiblyincludemuseums;aculturalartscenter;gardens;significantgatheringspaces;and performance areas. The park could be new or an enhancement to an existing City park or parks. Another possibility includes the development of a series of linear parks, linked together through anoverallmasterplannedtheme.Thelandmarkparkorcombinedlinearparkscouldbe20 acresormoreinsize.Figure8-10showspossiblelandmarkparklocations. DevelopasignificantlandmarkparkintheCityofChulaVista. Policies AmendtheParksandRecreationMasterPlan,asneeded,toaddressthe PFS17.1 possibilityofalandmarkparkintheCityofChulaVista. Prepare a feasibility study for the location and development of a landmark park in PFS17.2 theCityofChulaVista,includinganassessmentofpotentialsites,estimated constructionandoperationalcostsofanewparkoranenhancedexistingpark orparks,andtheidentificationofpotentialfundingmechanisms. Usethefollowinggeneralcriteriaforthesitinganddesignofalandmarkpark: PFS17.3 Primaryaccessshouldbeviaafour-lanecollectorroad; Publictransitshouldbeavailable; Goodpedestrianaccessfromseveraldirectionsshouldbeincluded; Goodvisibilityshouldbeincorporated; ConnectivitytotheCity'shistoricfeaturesisencouraged; Compatibilitywithadjacentlandusesisdesired;and Viewsfromwithintheparkandfromoutsidetheparklookinginshould be considered and enhanced. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-46 PotentialLandmarkParkLocations NORTH N.T.S. Figure8-10 PagePFS-47 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 3.5.5Joint-UseofParkandSchoolFacilities IncreasedintensityofdevelopmentinwesternChulaVistaandlack ofvacantandunderutilizedlandforparkfacilitieswillresultinan increaseddemandonparksandfacilitiesandschools.Thissituation provides an opportunity for joint-use of facilities so that the school childrenandthegeneralpublicmutuallybenefit. Publicdemandforfieldspaceforyouthleaguesexceedsthe supply of sports fields in City parks, due to competing demands with adult athletic leagues and the sheer number of youth sports teams to accommodate. The City currently relies on individual elementary, middle,andhighschoolstoallowusageoftheirfieldsbyYouthSportsCouncilleagues. Allowtheappropriatejoint-useofschoolandparkfacilities. Policies PromotetheCityCouncilandtheBoardsofthetwoschooldistrictsenteringinto PFS18.1 long-termmasteragreementstoallowallocationofschoolfieldstothe Youth Sports Council leagues via a process administered by the City, and to allow after-schooluseofclassroomsatdifferentschoolsforrecreationclasses. Coordinatewiththeschooldistrictsonthedesignofschoolgroundsandfieldsto PFS18.2 provideforuseofthesefacilitiesbytheYouthSportsCouncilleagues. Consider siting elementary schools adjacent to neighborhood parks, where PFS18.3 feasible,toallowforexpandeduseoftheschoolgroundsandclassroomsbythe generalpublicandtheparkareabytheschoolchildren. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-48 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 3.6ArtandCulture,Childcare,Healthand Human Services ArtandCulture Artandcultureareimportantpartsofanysociety,andtheCity Both art and culture ofChulaVistaenjoysanactiveandgrowingartsandculture community.Bothart(definedastheconscioususeofskilland aredependentonthe creative imagination), and culture, (defined as the collective human capacity to bodyofknowledge,customarybeliefsandsocialformsthat share and to pass defineagroupofpeople),aredependentonthehuman information on from capacitytoshareandtopassinformationonfromoneperson, one person, generation,orpeopletoanother. generation,orpeople to another. ChulaVistahasanumberofvenuesforthepresentationof culturalprogramsorevents.Thesefacilitiesincludelargeto smallprivatefacilities,suchastheCoorsAmphitheater;theOnStagePlayhouseonThirdAvenue; andtheRuthChapmanCenterforPerformingArts(whichisoperatedbytheSweetwaterUnion High School District); Mayan Hall at Southwestern College; and other various school and public venues.TheCityishosttoavarietyofculturalartsevents,exhibits,andprogramsthroughoutthe year,includingtheannualTasteoftheArtsbytheBay,theMusicintheParkseries,andthe McCandlissArtAwards.CultureandartsprogramsandclassesareofferedthroughtheCity RecreationDepartment,andculturalprogramsarepresentedatallthreeCitybranchlibraries. Childcare ChulaVistarecognizeschildcareasanimportantpartofthefabricoftheCityandthatto disregard the need for quality childcare is to endanger the City's long-term social, physical, and economichealth.Withagrowingcommunity,thedemandforqualitychildcareincreases. While the City does not administer them, a variety of profit and non-profit childcare facilities and programsareavailabletothosewhoworkand/orliveintheCityofChulaVista.Thetwo principal types of facilities are Family Daycare Homes and Childcare Centers.Other facilities and programsincludethoseprovidedbyschool,church,andrecreationgroups. HealthandHumanServices Healthandhumanservicescollectivelyreferstoawidevarietyofagencies,departments,and providersthathelptoimprovepeople'squalityoflife.SharpHealthCare,Scripps,andKaiser Permanente provide medical services in Chula Vista. Residents also benefit from Family Resource PagePFS-49 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 Centers(FRCs),one-stop,school-linkedcommunitycentersthatofferabroadarrayof comprehensiveandholisticsocialservices,adulteducation,andafter-schoolprograms.Services areopentoanyoneandarefreeofcharge.AnotherHealthandHumanServiceresourceisthe NormanParkSeniorCenter,amulti-purposepubliccommunityfacilitywhereadultsover50years ofageandtheirfamiliescanaccessservicesandprogramstomeetmanyoftheirsocial,physical, and intellectual needs. 3.6.1RoleinArtandCulture,Childcare,andHealthServices The City of Chula Vista recognizes that providing art and culture opportunities, quality childcare facilities, a well-planned health and humanservicesinfrastructure and the implementation of policies and programs that support the healthandsustainabilityofChula Vista is vital to the well-being of its residents and the overall community.T ypicallythe City's role is oneofsupporter,ratherthan provider,ofthesecommunityservices however the City is committed to continue to create policies andprogramsthatimprovethe physical and social environments, that promoteawarenessand access to healthy alternatives and amenitiesandcreatecommunity partnerships that support the well being of all residents.By acquiring Community Purpose Facility acreage or fees, the Cityactivelyrequiresnewdevelopmenttosetasidelandor contribute to funding for community facilitiesthatmayincludethoseaddressingchildcare, health and cultural needs. Objective-PFS19 Createpoliciesand programsthatenhancethequality of life in the City of Chula Vista and that support art and culture programs, childcare facilitiesandhealthandhumanservices Policies Promote land use designations that accommodate location ofchildcare facilities PFS19.1 and other health and human services near homes; schools; work places; activity centers;andmajortransitfacilitiesandroutes. Support and assist efforts to provide a variety of safe, affordable, and consistently PFS19.2 goodqualitychildcarefacilitiesandservicesthatareavailableandaccessibleto alleconomicsegmentsofthecommunity. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-50 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 Encouragethedevelopmentofchildcarespacewithinresidentialandcommercial PFS19.3 development projects, including new construction, replacement and reuse, to meettheneedsofresidentsandemployees. Strivetomaintaintheroleasamodelemployerbyactivelyand PFS19.4 comprehensively exploring options to meet the childcare needs of its employees andbydemonstratingthatemployer-sponsoredchildcarehasapositive, beneficial,andcost-effectiveinfluenceontheworkforce. Advocatesupportivelegislationatthestateandfederallevelsregardingthe PFS19.5 provisionofchildcareandtheprovisionofartsandculture. Encourageandparticipateineffortsthatincreasethequalityofchildcare,such PFS19.6 thatallfacilitiesareresponsive,interactive,nurturing,anddevelopmentallyappropriate. Supportandassistinthedevelopmentofbefore-and-afterschool,andholiday PFS19.7 andvacationcoverageaspartoftheoverallchildcareprograms. Encourageanintegrated,neighborhood-basedapproachtothedeliveryofhealth PFS19.8 and human services. Promotetheaccessibilityofartandculturalprograms. PFS19.9 Continue to require Community Purpose Facility acreage, in accordance with the PFS19.10 MunicipalCode,fortheprovisionofchildcareandothersocialservicefacilities. Pursuepartnershipswithhealthadvocatestodevelophealthycommunityprograms PFS19.11 and opportunities for marketing the benefitsofnutrition,healthyeatingandanactive lifestyle. Supportcriticalhourprogrammingatcentersitesandyouthcampswhenschoolsare PFS19.12 outofsession. 3.6.2FutureChulaVistaCulturalArtsCenter Whileseveralfacilitiesareavailablefordisplayandpresentationof theartsthroughoutourCity,includingtheCitybranchlibrariesand recreation centers, there is limited availability of adequately designed or appropriately located facilities for both performances and exhibits. Amain,centralculturalartsvenue,theaterorcenterislacking. Benefitsofaculturalartsvenueincludehavinganidentifiablecity facilitythatcouldservepublicandprivateperformancesand PagePFS-51 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 exhibitsthroughoutthesouthSanDiegoCountyregionand CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-52 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 stimulateeconomicdevelopmentandredevelopment.Asconceptuallyimagined,aCulturalArts CenterinChulaVistacouldincludeexhibitandperformanceareas,spaceforassociated educationclassesandadministrativeoffices,andsupportingcommercialdevelopment,suchas cafes, art stores, and restaurants. It could also be a beneficial use within a future landmark park. DevelopaculturalartscenterintheCityofChulaVista. Policies PrepareacitywideCulturalArtsMasterPlanthatdiscussesthedevelopment, PFS20.1 coordination, and use of arts and culture facilities; identifies partnerships and collaborations; promotes opportunities and coordination; and recommends ongoing financial support for the arts through consideration of a percentage for theartsprogramandanincreasedshareofTransientOccupancyTax. Prepareafeasibilitystudyforthelocationanddevelopmentofaculturalarts PFS20.2 center in the City of Chula Vista, including siting criteria, funding, construction, andoperationofthefacility. Encouragetheinstallationofartpiecesinpubliclyownedspacesandrequire PFS20.3 developers to pay fees or provide art pieces that serve to enhance an individual project and contribute to the appearance and vitality of the development. 3.7CivicFacilities Civicfacilitiesandservicesareanecessarycomponentofallcommunities.Includedamongcivic facilitiesaregovernmentaloffices,suchasCityHallandotheradministrativeandoperation centers. While not provided by the City, post offices are another example of civic facilities necessarytotheeverydayneedsofthecommunity.Friendly,professional,andeffectiveprovision ofCityservicesaffordsChulaVistaresidentsandthelargerregionapositiveimpressionofthe City.AstheCitycontinuestogrow,thedemandoncivicfacilitiesandserviceswillcontinueto grow as well. PagePFS-53 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 ProvidecivicservicestoChulaVistaresidentsandthosedoingbusiness intheCityinafriendly,efficientandeffectivemanner. Policies Assure the convenient location of regional and local government administrative PFS21.1 officesandservicefacilitiesbothinwesternChulaVistaandasintheEastern Urban Center. ContinuetofosteraCityorganizationalstructurethatvaluesandrewardsquality PFS21.2 customerserviceandpromotesahighstandardofexcellenceand professionalism. Locatecivicfacilitieswheretheircontributiontolocalbusinessandthe PFS21.3 community is maximized, including economic contributions and ease of access. 3.8Energy Fossilfuelproductssuchascoal;naturalgas;oil;anddiesel remainedtheprimaryfuelforgeneratingelectricityandforheating homes,water,andfoodin2004.Theglobalsupplyoftheseproducts is limited and the demand for electricity and fossil fuels continues to increase. Employing efficient energy efforts throughout the City and transitioning to non-fossil fuel alternatives will help to extend limited supplies;reducetheneedforexpensivenewregionalpower economic sustainability and regional competitiveness. Cleaner energy, more efficient power sources and conservation also producedbyfossilfuelbasedelectricalgenerationandheating,andfurtherthelong standing commitment to COreduction and the prevention of global warming. 2 PagePFS-53 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 SanDiegoGasandElectric(SDG&E)owns,operates,andmaintainsthepipes,wires,and appurtenancesneededtotransportnaturalgas,andtransmitanddistributeelectricitytoChula Vista residential; commercial; industrial; and institutional facilities. SDG&E estimates that additional infrastructure may be needed to deliver gas and electricity (energy) to serve a growing population,maintainlocalandregionalreliability,andmoveenergythroughthewesternregional U.S. System. SDG&E projects that infrastructure may include new electricity distribution substations inboththeeasternandwesternpartsoftheCity.Eachsubstationmayrequireatleasttwo separateanddistincttransmissionright-of-ways(ROW),whichmostlikelywouldbeaccomodated withinstreetROW.EachROWcouldbeupto25feetinwidthandcouldvaryinlength.Other SDG&E infrastructure improvements or upgrades may include a new 200-foot-wide transmission ROWinthenortheastsectionoftheCityandarelocationoftheSouthBayelectricitysubstation to a six-acre site. The following objective and policies relate to the provision of energy to the City.A discussion and relatedpoliciesaddressingenergyconservationarecontainedintheEnvironmentalElement, Chapter 9 of this General Plan. 3.8.1PoweringChulaVista PopulationgrowthinChulaVistawillincreasedemandforenergy andpower.Inresponsetoenergyneeds,theCityembarkedona mission to identify viable options to control the City's energy future. OnMay29,2001,theCityCounciladoptedtheCityofChulaVista EnergyStrategyandActionPlan(EnergyStrategy)andadoptedan ordinance to investigate the possibility of creating a municipal utility. TheEnergyStrategyidentifiesrecommendedactions,including monitoring the energy market and legal restrictions; being prepared to enter into an electrical services contract with an energy services providerorpowergenerator,asallowedbylaw;partneringwitha thirdpartytobuildandoperatepowergenerationfacilities; developinganemissionsoffsetprogram,basedonmobilesources; becomingamunicipalandacquiringelectricityat negotiatedratesforCityfacilitiesandparticipatingresidentsandbusinessowners;expanding energy conservation projects for City facilities and promoting energy-efficient and renewable energy programs for businesses and residents; and developing and implementing a legislative strategy that facilitatesthe City's overall energy plan. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-54 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 EnsureadequateenergysuppliesthroughoutChulaVista. Policies ContinuetoaddressenergyneedsinChulaVistabyperiodicallyreviewingand PFS22.1 updatingtheCityofChulaVistaEnergyStrategyandActionPlanandby implementingandmonitoringtherecommendationsoftheStrategy. Coordinatewithregionalenergyplanningprogramsandefforts. PFS22.2 Encourageandsupporttheresearch,development,anduseofalternativesources PFS22.3 of energy. Review energy facility requests and encourage siting and design techniques that PFS22.4 minimizecommunityimpacts.Suchtechniquesmayinclude:undergrounding facilities,wherepossible;co-locatingnewfacilitieswithexistingutility infrastructure;locatingfacilitiesinnon-residentialareas;andimplementing architecturaldetailsandlandscapingthathelpfacilitiesthatblendwiththe surrounding area. The development and operation of natural gas-fired plants withintheCityshallutilizeavailablecontroltothegreatest extentpracticable. PFS22.5 Maximizefuturesustainableenergyoptionsbypursuingdistributedgeneration andplanningenergytransmissionandtransportationoptionsthatcomplement thedevelopmentoflocalrenewableenergyoptions. Integratesensibleandefficientelectricalandnaturalgasfacilitiesinto thenaturalanddevelopedenvironment. PagePFS-55 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 Policies PFS23.1 Useexistingtransmissioncorridorsaseffectivewildlifecorridors. PFS23.2 Providesufficientopenspacebufferingbetweenutilityfacilitiesand residentialdevelopment. PFS23.3 Ensure adequate area is reserved early in the development process for critical electricalservicefacilities. PFS23.4 Assurethatutilityfacilitiessafelyintegrateintothedevelopedlandscape. PFS23.5 Appropriatesecondarylanduses(suchasnurseries,RVstorage,anduseableopen spaceandparks,amongothers)shouldbeencouragedtolocatewithinoverhead transmission facility rights-of-way, when appropria te. Trails can also be included as a secondarylanduse,pursuanttoagreementwithSDG&E. 3.9Telecommunications Therapidlyexpandingworldoftelecommunicationsallowsresidentsand businessestointeractwiththeglobalcommunityfromanywhereinour City.Technologyandcapabilitiescontinuetoadvanceatgreatrates, creating more efficient communication options. State-of-the-art servicesfacilitateahealthybusinessclimate,makingbusinessesmore competitiveandprovidinganedgeinaccessingandusingimportant information. Furthermore, telecommunication technologies allow residents toestablishhomeoffices,whichcandecreasecommutes,enhance neighborhoodsecurityandprovideflexibilityforworkingparents. In2004,telecommunicationsservicesinChulaVistaincludedtelephone, cable and wireless communication services provided by several companies. Future communicationtechnologiesmayexpandintootherfields.Infrastructureupgradesarebeing madebyprivateproviderstofacilitatehigh-speeddatatransmissionandinteractivevideo capabilities. The City encourages constructing new office and industrial buildings with state-of- the-arttelecommunicationcircuitstousetheseupgrades. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-56 PUBLICFACILITIES AND SERVICESELEMENT CHAPTER8 Promote state-of-the-art telecommunication services throughout Chula Vista. Policies Encourage telecommunication service providers to install state-of-the-art PFS24.1 infrastructureinChulaVista. Reviewnewtelecommunicationsfacilitiesandrequestsitinganddesign PFS24.2 techniques that minimize community impacts.Such techniques may include co- locating new facilities with existing utility infrastructure, locating facilities in non- residentialareas,andusingarchitecturalfeaturesordetailsthatblendwiththe surrounding area. Encourage developers of new office and industrial buildings to PFS24.3 incorporate state-of-the-art telecommunications technologies. 3.10SolidWaste Ingeneral,urbanizedareasgeneratesubstantialamountsoftrash, requiring disposal in nearby landfills. And, often times, materials that couldberecycledforotherusesareinsteadthrownout.TheCityof ChulaVistahasestablishedanexclusivefranchiseagreementwith Pacific Waste Services, which extends through 2007, for the removal, conveyanceanddisposalofanynon-recyclablewaste.TheCityhas threeadditionaleight-yearoptionsonthisagreement,takingcareof disposalneedsthroughtheyear2031.Theagreementincludesa number of programs and incentives for the franchisee and the public tomaximizerecyclingandotherformsoflandfilldiversion.Pacific Waste'sparentcompany,Allied,ownsandoperatesboththeOtayLandfillandtheSycamore Canyon Landfill located further north in San Diego County. Most of the solid waste generated in the City is disposed at the Otay Landfill (Figure 8-11). The important discussions of recycling and ofthehandlinganddisposalofhazardouswastematerialsareaddressedinChapter9, EnvironmentalElementofthisGeneralPlan. PagePFS-57 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 In 1989, with a population of approximately 135,0000 people, the citydisposedofapproximately189,000tonsoftrashattheOtay LandfillineasternChulaVista.In2003,withapopulationof approximately 200,000 people, the City disposed of approximately 170,000tonsoftrash.This19,000-tonreductionwasduetocity- wide recycling efforts. Nonetheless, as more development occurs, availablecapacityatdisposalsitesusedbytheCitywillbe reduced.Ataminimum,thiscouldresultinincreasedcostsfor transporting materials greater distances to available disposal sites, andthepossibilityofincreasingthenumberofwastetransfer siteswithintheCity. TheOtayLandfillisestimatedtoreachcapacityintheyear2027.Atthistime,thereisone proposed new landfill site in San Diego County: Gregory Canyon, located in north county, near thecommunitiesofFallbrook,Vista,andPaumaValley.The1,770-acreGregoryCanyonsiteis designedfora30-yearlifeexpectancy.Itsopeningdateisuncertain,duetooppositiontothe facility.InsouthSanDiegoCounty,anareainEastOtayMesawaspreviouslyidentifiedbythe Countyasatentativesite.However,theCountyisnolongerpursuinglandfillsitingatthis location,andtherearenoprivatesitingeffortscurrentlyproposed.TheEastOtayMesasiteretains atentativeclassificationforreservationasafuturelandfill.Onemayagainbeproposedthrough theCountyofSandiscretionarypermitprocess. OncetheOtayLandfillisclosed,itisanticipatedthataportionofthesitecouldbeusedfora trash transfer facility and/or a Material Recovery Facility (MRF) where recyclables are prepared for secondarymarkets.TheCityestimatedthecostofsuchafacilitytobeovertenmilliondollars. ThelongertheOtayLandfilliscapableofacceptingwaste,thelongerthisexpenseisdelayed. TheCityhasalsoacquiredrightstoapproximately30acresofspaceattheOtaylandfillfora compostingfacilitywhenthelandfillcloses.Compostablematerialaccountsforapproximately25 percent of the City's total waste stream.Recyclable and compostable materials, together, accountedforapproximately54percentoftheCity'swastestreamin2002.Therefore,continued efforts to expand recycling and to accommodate compostable materials will reduce future waste transfer costs. ChulaVistacurrentlyreliesontheCountyofSanDiegoLocalEnforcementAgency(LEA)to permit and regulate solid waste facilities.However, the City may choose to contract directly with thestateorestablishitsownLEA.Nonetheless,theCityhastheabilitytocontrolwasteproduction within its General Plan area. Current solid waste management strategies include source reduction,recycling,andcompostingtodecreasethewastestreamimpactinglandfills. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-58 SolidWasteFacility NORTH N.T.S. Figure 8-11 PagePFS-59 Chula Vista PUBLICFACILITIESANDSERVICESELEMENT Vision CHAPTER8 2020 3.10.1ProvidingforSolidWasteDisposal Thefollowingobjectiveandpoliciesaddresstheefficienthandlingofsolidwastethroughoutthe City.The important and related topics of reducing overall solid waste and of handling hazardous wastesareaddressedintheEnvironmentalElement,Chapter9ofthisGeneralPlan.Itis estimatedthattheOtayLandfillwillreachcapacitywithinthenext23years,requiringclosureof thefacility.Meetingfutureneedsoftheplanningareamayrequirethecreationofaregional transfer station, where solid waste collected from individual collection routes is transferred into large trucks for disposal. The transportation of solid waste to an alternate site must occur in an efficientmannerthatrestrictsadversecirculation,visual,andnoiseimpacts. EfficientlyhandlesolidwastedisposalthroughouttheCity. Policies Plan for adequate systems and facilities to manage the City's PFS25.1 solidwastegeneration,treatment,anddisposal. Permittransferstationstobesitedinareasdesignatedforgeneralindustrialuses, PFS25.2 providedcirculation,visual,andnoiseimpactsdonotadverselyaffectadjacent uses. Participate in interjurisdictional efforts to maintain available landfill capacity in PFS25.3 San Diego County. Attractmanufacturersthatuserecycledmaterials,thusprovidingjobsand PFS25.4 increasingthevalueofthesematerials. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PagePFS-60 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 TABLEOFCONTENTS 1.0INTRODUCTION 1 1.1PurposeandScope1 1.2ImplementingtheVisionandThemes1 1.3RelationtoOtherGeneralPlanElementsandPolicies2 1.4RelatedPlansandPrograms2 1.4.1RegionalGrowthManagementStrategy2 1.4.2RegionalComprehensivePlan3 1.5SustainableDevelopment3 Figure9-1:KeyComponentsofSustainableDevelopment4 1.6EnvironmentalJustice6 1.6.1RelationshiptoGeneralPlanLandUsePlanningAndPolicies6 1.6.2EquitableDistributionofPublicFacilitiesandServices7 1.6.3OverconcentrationofIndustrialUses7 1.6.4Transit-OrientedDevelopment7 2.0GOAL 9 3.0PLANNINGFACTORS,OBJECTIVES,ANDPOLICIES 10 3.1Conservation10 3.1.1MultipleSpeciesConservationProgram(MSCP)10 Figure9-2:CityofChulaVistaMSCPSubareaandPlanningMap13 3.1.2ProtectingWaterQuality15 Figure9-3:SanDiegoBayWatershedMap19 3.1.3MeetingWaterDemandThroughConservationandEfficientUse22 3.1.4PreservingtheOpportunityforAgriculturalUses24 3.1.5WiseUseofMineralResources26 3.1.6PromotingCleanAir28 Table9-1:SanDiegoFederalandStateDesignationsfor CriteriaPollutantsasofDecember200428 Figure9-4:MRZ-2Map29 3.1.7CreatingaSustainableEnergyFuture3 5 3.1.8PromotingSolidWasteReductionStrategies3 7 3.1.9ProtectingChulaCulturalResources38 3.1.10ProtectingPaleontologicalResources40 PageE-i CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 3.2OpenSpace42 3.2.1ConnectingandImprovingChulaOpenSpaceandTrailsNetwork44 Figure9-5:GeneralPlanAreaOpenSpaceMap45 Figure9-6:NaturalSystemsOpenSpaceMap47 3.2.2ProvidingConnectionstotheRegionalOpenSpaceandTrailsNetwork51 3.2.3ExploringEcotourismOpportunities52 3.3NaturalHazards53 3.3.1IdentifyingandLimitingGeologicHazards53 Figure9-7:GeologicHazardsMap55 3.3.2IdentifyingandLimitingFloodHazards57 Figure 9-8: Flood and DamInundation Hazards Map59 3.3.3IdentifyingandLimitingWildlandFireHazards60 Figure9-9:WildlandFireHazardsMap61 3.4HazardousMaterialsandWaste62 3.4.1RemediationofContaminatedSites62 3.4.2ManagingHouseholdHazardousWaste63 3.4.3SitingHazardousWasteFacilities64 Figure9-10:GeneralAreasMap66 3.4.4SitingandManagingFacilitiesthatUse,Store,andHandleHazardous MaterialsandWaste67 3.5Noise69 3.5.1ProtectingPeoplefromExcessiveNoise69 Table9-2:ExteriorLandUse/NoiseCompatibilityGuidelines70 Figure9-11:ExistingNoiseContourMap71 Figure9-12:Projected2030NoiseContourMap73 Figure9-13:BrownFieldYear2000NoiseContourMap75 3.5.2MinimizingTransportationNoise77 3.6EnvironmentalJustice78 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-ii ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 INTRODUCTION 1.0 1.1PurposeandScope The Environmental Element establishes the policyframeworkfor improving sustainability throughthe responsible stewardshipof promotionofboth physical and environmental health, and protectionofpersons and property from environmental hazards andnoise.Itcontains policies that reconcileconflicting demands createdwhen populationgrowthanddevelopmentconsumesnatural resources--both renewable andnon-renewable, finite resources and environmental justice policies to helpachieveahealthy sustainable community for everyone The California Government Code requires General Plans to include conservation, open space, noise,andsafetyelements.Theseelementsaddressrelevantenvironmentalissues,including: open space; water quality and conservation; biological resources; mineral resources; air quality; culturalresources;agriculturalresources;energy;noise;andgeologic,flood,andwildlandfire hazards. These and other issues and topics are addressed in this Environmental Element, which is divided into the following sections: Conservation; Open Space; Natural Hazards; Hazardous MaterialsandWaste;andNoise. 1.2ImplementingtheVisionandThemes The Vision for Chula Vista is to preserve and enhance the unique features that give Chula Vista its character and identity, while at the same time improving our community and meeting the opportunitiesandchallengesthatlieahead.AchievingthisVisionrequiresthattheCityrecognize thatitsnaturalresourcesarefinite,andthatresponsibleandjuststewardshipisessentialforthe futureenjoymentandutilizationoftheseresources.TheCityfurtherrecognizesthatintegrating policiesthatpromoteahealthyandsustainablecommunityisessentialtothequalityoflifefor allresidents. AfulldiscussionofourVisionandsevenThemesisfoundinChapter4ofthisGeneralPlan.This EnvironmentalElementfocusesonanddevelops four ofthoseThemes: Theme 1:StrongCommunityCharacterandImage Chula Vista continues to develop as a city with a distinct identity that its PageE-1 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 citizensareproudtocallhome. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-2 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 Theme 4:ImprovedMobility Chula Vista provides a wide rangeofconvenientandaffordablemobility options that allow people to go from where they are to where they want to be, inasafe;pleasant;rapid;cost-effective;andenvironmentallyfriendlymanner. Theme 5:Healthyand Sustainable Community ChulaVistaiscommittedtothehealthandwellbeingofallofitsresidents. Theme 6:High Quality Community Services ChulaVistaplacesahighpriorityonexemplarycommunityservicesand facilities (such as police and fire protection, libraries, and park and recreation), andcontinuestoensurethatservicesandinfrastructureexpandtomatch needscreatedbygrowthandredevelopment. 1.3RelationtoOtherGeneralPlanElementsand Policies The elements of a general planarecloselyinterrelated.Eachelementmustbeinternally consistent as well as consistent withoneanother.TheLandUseandTransportationElement addresses the location and compatibility oflandusesandprovidesforaplannedpatternofland uses, including lands designated for habitatconservation,openspace,andparksandrecreation uses.Integration betweenLand Use and Tranportation, such as mixed use, transit oriented development, is an integral part of a sustainable community.The Public Facilities and Services Element addresses municipal water and sewerservices;parksandrecreationfacilities;solid waste disposal; and energy, all ofwhichrelatetotheEnvironmentalElement.Cross-references are provided, where applicable, throughout theEnvironmentalElementtoidentifywherethese interrelationships with otherelements exist. 1.4RelatedPlansandPrograms 1.4.1RegionalGrowth ManagementStrategy The Regional Growth Management (Strategy) was adopted by the San Diego Association of Governments(SANDAG)in1993,asmandatedbythevotersthroughPropositionC,theRegional PlanningandGrowthControlInitiative.TheStrategytakesqualityofapproachtogrowth management,andcontainsstandards,objectivesandrecommendedactionsforninequalityof life factors, such as: air quality; water; sensitive lands and open space preservation and protection; and solid waste management.Through a joint powers agreement, local jurisdictions, including ChulaVista,haveagreedtocertifythattheirgeneralplansareconsistentwiththeStrategy. PageE-3 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 1.4.2RegionalComprehensivePlan SANDAGservesastheforumfordecision-makingonregionalissuesinSanDiegoCounty. Significant growth throughout the region and beyond has resulted in numerous challenges and anticipatedfuturegrowthrepresentsfurtherchallenges.Asaresult,SANDAGadoptedthe RegionalComprehensivePlan(RCP)in2004tohelpchartwheretheregion'sfuturegrowth shouldbefocusedandtoprioritizepublicinfrastructureinvestments.Whilenewconstructionin theregioninrecentdecadeshasoccurredlargelyinpreviouslyundevelopedareas,thevisionof theRCPisthatfuturepopulationgrowthwillbefocusedawayfromruralareasandcloserto existingandplannedjobcentersandpublicfacilities,includingtransit.TheRCPwasnot designedasaregulatoryplan,butratherasaguidanceplan.Assuch,thepreferred implementation approach is that local and regional agencies incorporate the recommended policyobjectivesandactionsintotheirlocalandregionalplansastheseplansareupdatedin thefuture.Additionally,theRCPrecommendsthatincentivesbeprovidedtomemberagencies forincludingthepolicyobjectivesintheirplans,andforhelpingtoimplementtheactions containedintheRCP.TheGeneralPlansupportsrelevantRCPpolicyobjectivesandactions. 1.5SustainableDevelopment ChulaVista'sVisiontopreserveandenhancetheunique features that give the City its identity, while at the same time creating a healthy and sustainable community that meets the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead, can be achieved, in part, through the promotion of sustainable development. Themostwidelyaccepteddefinitionof as,presentedbytheUnitedNationsWorld Commission on Environment and Development in 1987, is as follows: futuregenerationstomeettheirown Sustainabledevelopmentisameansofbalancinggrowthandeconomicprogresswiththe protectionofnaturalresourcesandtheenvironmentinasociallyresponsiblemanner. Sustainable development consists of three key components--economic security, environmental integrity,andsocial/culturalequity--thatoverlapandfunctiontogether,asillustratedinFigure9-1. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-4 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 These three components are equally important in developing a basis for sustainability, and are notmutuallyexclusive.Communitysustainabilityisstrengthenedthroughidentifyingand addressingtheissuesthataffectsustainabledevelopment,andcreatingmeasurestosecure, protect,andenhancevaluableresources and the physical health and well being of the community. Sustainabilityissuesexistonagloballevelandatall levelsofgovernment.ThisGeneralPlanaddresses sustainabledevelopmentatthelocal,communitylevel. Such a local effort requires coordination and cooperation betweenallagenciesthatprovideserviceswithinthe community.While not all aspects of sustainability can be affectedlocally,muchcanbeachievedbyincluding policiesandprogramsinajurisdiction'sGeneralPlan that promote sustainable development. Chula Vista currentlyimplementsanumberofprogramstopromote sustainabledevelopment,andstrivestoexpandupon such programs. Based upon the three key components illustrated in Figure 9-1, the following discussion addresses the characteristics of sustainability related to municipal planning functions: Figure9-1 Economic Security focuses on balancing revenues and expendituresneededtoprovidesustainableservicesand improvethequalityoflifeforlocalresidents.Thiscanbe accomplishedbycreatingaGeneralPlanthatfacilitates Economic Environmental revenue-generating sources sufficient to support the Security Integrity ongoingoperationofajurisdictionanditsabilityto providethefacilitiesandlevelsofservicedesiredbythe community.Jurisdictionscanpromoteamixofdiversejobs Social/Cultural and affordable housing that provides the opportunity for Equity residentstoliveandworkwithintheircommunity.By expanding educational opportunities within a community, residentscanincreasetheirmarketableskillswithoutleaving KeyComponents thearea.Alocaleconomythatprovidesuchopportunitiesis ofSustainableDevelopment consideredtobesustainable. PageE-5 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 EnvironmentalIntegrity deals with the preservation and conservation of natural resources, includingwater,biologicalresources,andairquality,andwithimprovingenvironmental sustainability,suchasincreasingdevelopmentofandrelianceonrenewableenergysources. Jurisdictionscantakeamajorsteptowardssecuringenvironmentalintegrityandensuringa sustainable community by developing a consistent approach to environmental issues through theadoptionofappropriateGeneralPlanpolicies. Social/Cultural Equity is realized through fair and equal access to community facilities and services, including: health care; social services; education; cultural arts; and natural resources. Thiscanbeachievedthroughageneralplanbyidentifyinghealthasacorevalue,identifying future community services needs and by establishing policies to ensure that such needs can be met. Closely related to sustainable development is the notion of an environmentally sustainable economy.Onalocallevel,thebackboneofanenvironmentallysustainableeconomycould consistof:facilitatingtheuseofrenewablesourcesofenergy;anurbanmobilitysystemcentered on a state-of-the-art public transportation system; and transit-and pedestrian-oriented development;andacomprehensivereuse/recycleprogram. Localjurisdictionscantakestepstowardspromotingandachievingsustainabledevelopment,as wellaseconomicandecologicalsustainability.Throughvariousexistingpolicies,programs,and procedures, Chula Vista has taken significant initial steps in this direction. Through various goals, objectives,policies,andimplementationmeasuresestablishedthroughtheadoptionofthis General Plan, Chula Vista will continue to move forward in supporting the ability to meet present needswithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-6 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 1.6EnvironmentalJustice Statelawdefinesenvironmentaljusticeas: adoption,implementation,andenforcementofenvironmentallaws,regulations,and TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencystates: treatmentmeansthatnogroupofpeople,includinga racial,ethnic,orasocioeconomicgroup,shouldbeara disproportionateshareofthenegativeenvironmental consequencesresultingfromindustrial,municipal,and commercial operations or the execution of federal, state, and Environmental justice problems are often related to procedural inequityandgeographicinequity.Proceduralinequityoccurs when the planning process is not applied uniformly, resulting indisproportionateimpactstolowerincomeorminoritypopulations.Geographicinequityoccurs when the burdens of undesirable land uses are concentrated in certain neighborhoods while the benefits are received elsewhere. It also describes a situation in which public amenities are concentratedonlyincertainareas. The following topics, discussed in detail below, represent areas in which environmental justicecanbeaddressedatthelocallevel--GeneralPlanlanduseplanningandpolicies; the promotion of a healthy and active lifestyles; equitable distribution of public facilities and services; overconcentration of industrial uses; and transit-oriented development. 1.6.1Relationship to General PlanLand Use Planningand Policies Planningpoliciesthatpromotehealthy,livablecommunitiesandsmartgrowthcanbetoolsfor achievingenvironmentaljustice.Theprimarypurposeofplanning,andthesourceof government authority to engage in planning, is to protect the public health, safety, and welfare. Traditionally,landuseplanninghasattemptedtominimizehealthandsafetyrisksby segregatinglanduses.However,rigidseparationoflanduseshasresultedindisconnected islands of activity and contributed to sprawl, counter to sustainable development goals. Mixed use development is a more sustainable approach to land use planning and a means to address healthconsiderations.Despitethedesirabilityofmixedusedevelopment,itisimportantto recognize that there are certain land uses (e.g.,industrial, agricultural, major roadways and freeways) that will, in most cases, be incompatible with sensitive receptors, including residential PageE-7 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 andschooluses.Sensitivereceptorsmaybeadverselyimpactedbyincompatiblelandusesasa result of air pollutant emissions, exposure to hazardous materials and related accident risks, and excessivenoise.MostlanduseincompatibilityissuescanbeaddressedattheGeneralPlanlevel through appropriate land use planning and the inclusion of policies addressing the siting and development of potentially harmful land uses in proximity to sensitive receptors. 1.6.2EquitableDistributionofPublicFacilitiesandServices To the extent feasible through its General Plan, a jurisdiction should plan for the equitable distribution of new public facilities throughout the community, and services that increase and enhancecommunityqualityoflife.Publicfacilitiesandservicesthatenhancequalityoflife include:parks;openspace;trails;recreationalfacilities;childcarefacilities;libraries;and museums.Theequitabledistributionoffacilitiesandserviceshastwocomponents.Thefirst componentisthenumberandsizeoffacilities--acommunityshouldhaveadequatefacilities andservicestoserveallresidentsequally.Thesecondcomponentisaccess,whichcanbe measuredasthedistanceortraveltimefromresidentialareastofacilitiesandservices. 1.6.3OverconcentrationofIndustrialUses Overconcentration occurs when two or more industrial facilities or uses, which do not individually exceedacceptableregulatorystandardsforpublichealthandsafety,poseasignificanthazardto adjacent sensitive receptors, due to their cumulative effects.It is important to differentiate betweenoverconcentrationandthemerepresenceofmaterialsthatmaybeclassifiedas hazardous. Many neighborhood businesses, such as, gas stations, retail paint stores, and dry cleaners, utilize hazardous materials. While these activities must be conducted in a responsible manner in accordance with applicable environmental regulations, they should not be confused withthosetrulyindustrialactivitiesthatareinappropriatewithinoradjacenttoresidentialor mixeduseareas.AGeneralPlanshouldseek toavoidthedevelopmentofsensitivereceptorsin closeproximitytolandusesthatposeasignificanthazardtohumanhealthandsafety,dueto thequantity,concentration,orphysicalorchemicalcharacteristicsofthehazardousmaterialsthat theyutilize,orthehazardouswastethattheygenerateoremit. 1.6.4Transit-OrientedDevelopment Expanding opportunities for transit-oriented development (TOD) promotes healthier and livable communities.TOD is defined as moderate-to high-density development located within an easy walk of a major transit stop, generally with a mix of residential, employment, and shopping opportunities. TOD can provide mobility choices; increase public safety; increase disposable householdincomebyreducingtransportationcosts;reduceairpollutionandenergy consumption rates; help conserve resources and open space;assist in economic development; andexpandthesupplyofhousing. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-8 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 Byimprovingaccessto multi-modaltransportationoptions,jobsandhousingandrevitalizing existingneighborhoods,TODcanbeatoolfor promotingahealthiercommunityand environmentaljustice.JurisdictionscanpromoteTODthroughgeneralplanpoliciesthat support the value of a healthy community, mixedusedevelopment;higherlandusedensities; reducedparkingrequirements;andincreasedtransitservice.TODpoliciesshouldfacilitatea pedestrian-orientedenvironmentwithfeaturessuchastrafficcalmingstrategiesand architectural and streetscape design that orients buildings to sidewalks, plazas, parks, and other publicspaces,ratherthantoparking. Thepromotionofenvironmentaljusticeonalocallevelmaybeaccomplishedthroughabroad range of actions taken on various fronts, including through land use planning and policies at the general plan level.The issues of land use incompatibility; access to nutritious and healthier food options,equitabledistributionofpublicfacilitiesandservices;overconcentrationofindustrial uses;andtransit-orienteddevelopmentcanbeaddressedinageneralplan.Throughvarious goals, objectives, policies, and implementation measures established through the adoption of this GeneralPlan,ChulaVistaistakingstepstoaddresstheseissuesintheinterestofpromoting environmental justice. PageE-9 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 GOAL 2.0 TheoverallgoaloftheEnvironmentalElementisto: Provide a healthy and sustainablecommunitythroughthe improved health of all citizens, environmental justice,the responsible stewardship of Chula Vista'snaturalandcultural resources;promotionofenvironmentalhealth;andprotectionof persons and property from environmentalhazardsandthe undesirableconsequencesofnoise. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-10 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 PLANNING FACTORS, 3.0 OBJECTIVES,ANDPOLICIES There are several planning factors involved in achieving the goal of the Environmental Element. SuchfactorsarediscussedinSections3.1-3.6ofthiselement.Eachfactorhasatleastone objective,orfocusedgoal,andeachobjectivehasatleastonepolicy,whichdescribeshowthe Citywillmeettheobjectives. 3.1Conservation Conservation is the planned management, preservation, and wise utilizationofnaturalresourcestoassuretheircontinuedavailabilityfor use,appreciation,andenjoyment.TheConservationSectionofthis EnvironmentalElementprovidestheCitywiththenecessarydirection towardsthatend.Thetopicspresentedinthissectioninclude: MultipleSpeciesConservationProgram Photographer:JeffPriest ProtectingWaterQuality MeetingWaterDemandThroughConservationandEfficientUse PreservingtheOpportunityforAgriculturalUses WiseUseofMineralResources PromotingCleanAir CreatingaSustainableEnergyFuture PromotingSolidWasteReductionStrategies ProtectingChulaVista'sCulturalResources ProtectingPaleontologicalResources 3.1.1Multiple Species Conservation Program (MSCP) Background TheMultipleSpeciesConservationProgram(MSCP)isacomprehensive,long-termhabitat conservationplandevelopedtoaddresstheneedsofmultiplespeciesandthepreservationof natural vegetation communities in San Diego County. The MSCP Subregional Plan was adopted bytheCityofSanDiegoandSanDiegoCountyin1997,andconditionallyapprovedbythethe CityofChulaVistainOctober2000.TheMSCPSubregionalPlanencompassesanareaof approximately580,000acresand12localjurisdictions,includingtheCityofChulaVista. PageE-11 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 CityofChulaVistaMSCPSubareaPlan OnMay13,2003,theCityofChulaVistaCityCouncilandPlanning CommissionapprovedtheCityofChulaVistaMSCPSubareaPlan (SubareaPlan)andformallyadopteditaspartoftheGeneral Plan.TheSubareaPlanisthepolicydocumentthroughwhichthe MSCPSubregionalPlanisimplementedwithintheCity'sjurisdiction. TheSubareaPlanprovidestheframeworkforhabitatplanningand specifically establishes areas of conservation and development within theChulaVistaMSCPPlanningArea.Figure9-2depictsthedesignated conservationanddevelopmentareaswithintheChulaVistaMSCP PlanningArea.Itshouldbenotedthatselectareasdesignatedfor developmentintheSubareaPlanarenotnecessarytoconservefor biologicalpurposes.However,otherlocalCityplans,policies,or Photographer:JulieVanderweir guidelinesmayfurtherregulateorprohibittheextentofdevelopment intheseareasforavarietyofreasons,suchastopographicalconstraintsoraesthetics(for example,thepeakofRockMountain). Additionally,sincethecompletionoftheCountySubareaPlanandtheapprovalofthe SubareaPlan,severalareaswithinthenorthernpartoftheCity,aswellastheunincorporated CountyportionoftheOtayRanch,havebeenacquiredbypublic/quasi-publicagenciestobe preserved as Permanent open space. These areas are depicted on Figure 5-12. TheSubareaPlanisintendedtoimplementallrelevantsectionsoftheMSCPSubregionalPlan, includingthehabitatandspeciesconservationgoalsandrequirementsfoundinTable3-5ofthe SubregionalPlan.AnyprojectapprovedbytheCitymustbeinconformancewiththeSubarea Plan. ThecompleteSubareaPlandocumenthasbeenincludedaspartofthisGeneralPlanandis providedunderseparatecoverasAppendix1.TheSubareaPlangoalsfoundonpage1-2ofthe Subarea Plan are as follows: Subarea Plan Goals 1.ToconserveCoveredSpeciesandtheirhabitatsthroughtheconservationof interconnectedsignificanthabitatcoresandlinkages. 2.To delineate and assemble a Preserve using a variety of techniques, including public acquisition,on-andoff-sitemitigation,andlanduseregulations. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-12 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 3.To provide a preserve management program that, together with the federal and state managementactivities,willbecarriedoutoverthelong-term,furtherensuringthe conservationofCoveredSpecies. 4.To provide necessary funding for a Preserve management program and biological monitoringofthePreserve. 5.To reduce or eliminate redundant federal, state, and local natural resource regulatory and environmental review of individual projects by obtaining federal and state authorizationsfor86species. Biological Resources ThemajorityofthenaturalbiologicalresourceswithintheCity consistofnativeuplandhabitats,includingcoastalsagescrub TheOtayRancharea (3,815acres),grasslands(3,125acres),andsmallareasof includes important maritimesucculentscrub(293acres).Approximately15percent habitat resources, ofthenaturalvegetationcommunitieswithintheCityalso most notably the consistofwetlandresources,including:southerncoastalsalt marsh(204acres);riparian/tamariskscrub(604acres);and Otay River Valley naturalfloodchannels(159acres).(Source:CityofChulaVista and its tributary MSCPSubareaPlan,February2003.) canyons: Salt Creek, Poggi, and Wolf AsidentifiedintheSubareaPlan,atotalofapproximately2,251 Canyons. acresoftheMSCPPreserve(approximately1,940acresof undisturbedhabitattypes)willbeconservedwithinthecentral andnorthernareasoftheCity.The Subarea Plan specifically providesprotectionformajorcanyonsystemswithintheCity,includingRiceCanyonandBonita LongCanyon.Thesecanyonsystemssupportlargeareasofcoastalsagescrubandmaritime succulentscrub.Additionally,avarietyofnarrowendemicplantspecieswillbeconserved,aswell asdocumentedlocationsoftheQuinocheckerspotbutterfly.Thefederallylistedendangered Quino checkerspot butterfly was not included as a Covered Species under the MSCP Subregional Plan. However, because the Subarea Plan defines the actions to be undertaken to provide for the long-termconservationandrecoveryofthisspeciesintheChulaVistaSubarea,theQuino checkerspotbutterflyisincludedasaCoveredSpeciesundertheSubareaPlan. The portion of the Otay Ranch located within the City boundaries includes substantial areas of landthathavehistoricallybeenusedfordryfarming.Approximately2,742acreswithinOtay Ranch will be conserved within the subarea boundaries (approximately2,617 acres, which representundisturbedhabitattypes).TheOtayRanchareaalsoincludesimportanthabitat resources, most notably the Otay River Valley and its tributary canyons; Salt Creek: Poggi, and Wolf Canyons. PageE-13 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula CityofChulaVistaMSCPSubareaandPlanningMap Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 Figure9-2 PageE-13 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-14 BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 ImplementationoftheMSCP Implementation of the Chula Vista MSCP Subarea Plan will ensure conservation of core biological resourceareasandassociatedhabitatlinkagesidentifiedintheMSCPSubregionalPlanlocated withintheboundariesoftheChulaVistaSubarea,comprisedofthelandareawithinthe incorporated boundary of the City. In addition, implementation of the Subarea Plan will contribute significantconservationoutsidetheChulaVistaSubarea,withintheChulaVistaMSCPPlanning Area, in the unincorporated County Multi-Habitat Planning Area. Objective-E1 ConserveChulasensitivebiologicalresources. Policies ImplementtheCityofChulaVistaMSCPSubareaPlan. E1.1 3.1.2ProtectingWaterQuality Waterqualityreferstothepurityofwaterandthelackofpollutants.Urbanrunoffdischargedinto streams,bays,andoceansisoneoftheprincipalcausesofpoorwaterquality.Pollutantssuchas motor oil, antifreeze, fertilizers, and pesticides accumulate on impervious surfaces and are picked upandtransporteddownstreamviathestormdrainsystem,ultimatelyreachingtheSweetwater andOtayRivers,SanDiegoBay,andthePacificOcean.Thesepollutantsinurbanrunoffcan causebothshort-termandlong-termimpactstolocalwaterbodies. CleanWaterAct TheCleanWaterActfocusesonimprovingthequalityofthenation'swaterandprovidesa comprehensive framework of standards and technical tools to address the causes of pollution andpoorwaterquality.TosatisfytherequirementsofCaliforniaWaterCodeSection13241and Clean Water Act Section 303, water quality criteria are assigned to all waters of the state. In Chula Vista,waterqualityobjectivesareachievedprimarilythroughestablishmentofwastedischarge requirements,andthroughimplementationoftheWaterQualityControlPlanfortheSanDiego Basin (1994). PageE-15 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 NPDES OnFebruary21,2001,theSanDiegoRegionalWaterQuality ControlBoardissuedaNationalPollutantDischargeElimination System(NPDES)Permit(MunicipalPermit)tothe18 municipalitieswithinSanDiegoCounty,includingtheCityof ChulaVista.SanDiegoCountyandtheSanDiegoUnifiedPort Districtwereco-permitteesoftheMunicipalPermit.The minimum requirement of the Municipal Permit is to ensure that pollutantsindischargesfromstormdrainsystemsownedand operatedbytheco-permitteesarereducedtothemaximum extentpracticable.TheMunicipalPermitoutlinestheindividual responsibilities of the co-permittees, including, but not limited to, the implementation of managementprograms,bestmanagementpractices(BMPs),andmonitoringprograms.The NPDESregulations alsoconsider the need to conserve natural areas, minimize impervious surfaces,andencouragetheuseofnativeordroughttolerantplantmaterialinlandscaping. InaccordancewithNPDESrequirements,constructionprojectsinChulaVistaarerequiredto implementBMPstominimizethedischargeofpollutantsfromconstructionsites.Forcertaintypes of developments, the Municipal Permit requires the implementation of permanent, post- construction BMPs, as described in the Chula Vista Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan andintheCityofChulaVistaDevelopmentandRedevelopmentProjectsStormWater ManagementStandardsRequirementsManual. TheChulaVistaPollutionPreventionPolicyaddressespollutionreductionpracticesforCity facilities and incorporates BMPs to prevent and reduce water pollution.The Pollution Prevention Policy identifies procedures and other practices for various City operations, including using environmentallyfriendlyproductsforequipmentmaintenance;cleaning;swimmingpool maintenance;andtheuseofchemicalsandpesticidesinparks,parkways,andstreetmedians. WatershedPlanning TheStateWaterResourcesControlBoarduseswatershedplanningtoimproveandprotectthe qualityoflocalandregionalwaters.Watershedsaretheareasaboveandbelowgroundthat drain into a particular water body. This watershed planning approach recognizes that BMPs and treatmentfacilitiesmaybemoreeffectivewhenlocatedwithinawatershedordrainagebasin, rather than on individual project sites.Watershed management practices can provide an integratedapproachtoprotectingwaterquality. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-16 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 San Diego Bay Watershed TheSanDiegoBaywatershediscomprisedofthree subwatersheds,twoofwhicharewithintheGeneralPlanarea (SweetwaterRiverandOtayRiverwatersheds),andathird (PuebloSanDiegowatershed),situatedtothenorth(Figure9- 3). The 2001 Municipal Permit required local co-permittees to implementacomprehensiveUrbanRunoffManagement Programatboththejurisdictionalandwatershedlevel.In compliance with the Municipal Permit, Chula Vista prepared a JurisdictionalUrbanRunoffManagementProgram. Additionally, the City, along with seven other municipalities, SanDiegoCounty,andtheUnifiedPortDistrict, preparedtheSanDiegoBayWatershedUrbanRunoffManagementProgram,whichisa collaborativeandcomprehensivewatershedplanfortheSanDiegoBayWatershed.Bothofthese watershed planning programs have been developed to identify and prioritize areas where local waterqualitycanbeimprovedandprovidesolutionstomitigateproblemsattributabletolocal urban runoff. Sweetwater River Watershed TheSweetwaterRiverwatershedisthelargestofthethree TheSweetwaterRiver subwatershedscomprisingtheSanDiegoBaywatershed,with watershed is the 230-square-milesoftheapproximately415-square-miletotal. largest of the three Over86percentoftheSweetwaterRiverwatershediswithin unincorporated jurisdictions, with the urbanized lower portion of subwatersheds thewatershedcontainingportionsofthecitiesofSanDiego, comprising the NationalCity,ChulaVista,LaMesa,andLemonGrove.Major San Diego Bay waterbodiesinthewatershedincludetheSweetwaterRiver, watershed, with SweetwaterReservoir,LovelandReservoir,andtheSanDiego 230-square-milesof Bay.Themostimportantwatershedissuesarerelatedtothe the approximately protectionofmunicipalwatersuppliesandtheprotectionand 415-square-miletotal. restorationofsensitivewetlandandwildlifehabitats. The Sweetwater River flood control channel, which generally represents the jurisdictional boundary between Chula Vista and National City, extends from Interstate 5 east to Interstate 805. TheSweetwaterRegionalParkextendsfromInterstate805eastthroughtheChulaVistaand BonitagolfcoursestotheCounty'sSummitParkonthewestedgeoftheSweetwaterReservoir; theparkcomprises570acres,178ofwhicharewithinChulaVista.Norecentwatershed planningeffortsfortheSweetwaterRiverwatershedhavebeenundertakenandnoneare planned at this time. PageE-17 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 OtayRiverWatershed TheOtayRiverwatershed,whichencompassesapproximately 160 square miles, is the second largest of three hydrologic units thatdischargeintoSanDiegoBay.TheOtayRiverwatershed consistslargelyofunincorporatedarea,butalsoincludes portionsofthecitiesofChulaVista,ImperialBeach,Coronado, NationalCity,andSanDiego.Themajorinlandwaterbodies, UpperandLowerOtayLakes,aretwowatersupplyreservoirs thatalsoprovideimportanthabitatandrecreational opportunities. Approximately 36 square miles of the watershed arewithintheChulaVistaMSCPPlanningAreathatcontains habitatforawiderangeofendangeredplantandanimalspecies. Currently,SanDiegoCountyisleadingtheeffortsinthedevelopmentofaWatershed ManagementPlan(WMP)andSpecialAreaManagementPlan(SAMP)fortheOtayRiver watershed.TheWMPwillidentifycriticalresourceareasandrecommendBMPsneededto prevent water pollution. The WMP will provide the framework for management activities to be implementedwithinthewatershed,whichwillensuretheprotectionofexistingbeneficialuses andnaturalresources.TheSAMPwillbeacomprehensiveassessmentoftheOtayRiver watershed, which will provide regional protection of wetlands and wetland species.Furthermore, theSAMPwillstreamlinetheregulatorypermittingprocessbyassistingthefederal,stateand local regulatory agencies with their decision-making and permitting authority to protect aquatic resources. Both plans will identify measures needed to preserve sensitive wetland species and habitat while still providing for reasonable economic growth. Thegoals of the watershed planning process includepreventingwaterpollutionandprotectingnaturalresourcesandexistingactivitiesthat arebeneficialtothepublic,suchastheOtayValleyRegionalPark. ImplementationofWaterProtectionMeasures WithfurthergrowthandredevelopmentinChulaVista,theprotectionoflocalandregionalwater resourcesmustbeadequatelyaddressed.ChulaVistawillcontinueitseffortstoreducethe dischargeofpollutantsintothemunicipalstormdrainsystemandnaturalwaterbodiesin accordance with established NPDES standards and watershed planning efforts involving the City. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-18 SanDiegoBayWatershedMap Legend 1.PuebloSanDiego 2.SweetwaterRiver 3.OtayRiver Figure9-3 PageE-19 BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 Objective-E2 Protect and improve water quality within surface water bodies and groundwater resources within and downstream of Chula Vista. Policies Ensure safely swimmable and fishable surface waters through careful E2.1 managementoflandusesandactivitieswithinChulaVista. Pursuesafealternativestotraditionalpestmanagementmethodsinorderto E2.2 reducetoxicsinurbanrunoffandlargeopenusesofland(e.g.,golfcourses, parks, and agricultural lands). Educate residents, business owners and City departments about feasible E2.3 methods tominimize the discharge of pollutants into natural drainages and themunicipalstormdrainagesystem. Ensure compliance with current federal and state water quality regulations, E2.4 includingtheimplementationofapplicableNPDESrequirementsandthe City'sPollutionPreventionPolicy. Encourage and facilitate construction and land development techniques that E 2.5 minimizewaterqualityimpactsfromurbandevelopment. Maximizetheprotectionofpotablewatersupplyresourcesfrompollutants. E2.6 Collaborate with other applicable jurisdictions in the development and E2.7 fundingofregionalwatershedmanagementplansthatwillprovideabalance between watershed protection, regional economic growth, and development of public infrastructure and services consistent with the goals and objectives of the General Plan. PageE-21 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 3.1.3MeetingWaterDemandThroughConservation and Efficient Use ThissectionoftheEnvironmentalElementaddressesthe conservation and efficient use of water. The Public Facilities and ServicesElementaddressescurrentandfuturewatersupplyand delivery issues. Three water districts serve Chula Vista: The Otay Water District, Sweetwater Authority, and Cal-American Water Company. These districts base theirfacility master plans and capital improvement programs on projected population growth.Within the Otay Water District'sservicearea,whichincludestheplannedfuture developmentareaswithineasternChulaVista,allpotablewatercomesfromimportedsources purchasedfromtheSanDiegoCountyWaterAuthority.Duetothelackofsignificant undeveloped land area within the boundaries of the Sweetwater Authority's service area, future increases in the demand for potable water will be associated with infill development and redevelopme sources, including Sweetwater Reservoir, a brackish groundwater demineralization facility, and om local sources. Areas served by the Cal-American Water Company are presently built out and significant growth inwaterdemandisnotanticipated. Waterrecyclingandconservationaremajorissuesinsouthern California, as water suppliers strive to meet the increased water Chula Vista can help demandsfrompopulationgrowth.ChulaVista'sGrowth to ensure adequate ManagementProgramandGrowthManagementOrdinance water supply by requirethataWaterConservationPlan(WCP)bepreparedfor continuingtopromote allmajordevelopmentprojects.WCPsprovideananalysisof the development of potable and recycled water usage requirements and incorporate provenmethodstoreducepercapitawaterconsumption.The water efficient adoptedWCPGuidelinesrequireallmajorprojectstoinstall communities and to specificindoorandoutdoorwaterconservationdevices.The implement water requirement to prepare and implement WCPs promotes water- conservation programs. efficient development and community awareness of valuable waterresources. Chula Vista's Landscape Manual identifies the need for water conservation practices to be implemented,asrequiredbyStatelawandtheStateDepartmentofWaterResourcesWater Efficient Landscape Ordinance. In addition, the City's Landscape Manual requires the use of recycledwatertoirrigatelandscapedareasofresidential,commercial,andindustrial developments,aswellasschools,parks,andgolfcourses,whererecycledwaterisavailable. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-22 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 WithintheGeneralPlanarea,onlytheOtayWaterDistrictprovidesrecycledwater.ItsCodeof Ordinancesrequiresrecycledwatertobeusedwhereveritistechnicallyandfinanciallyfeasible, includingtheirrigationofgreenbeltandopenspaceslopes;roadwaymedians;parks;andthe common areas of schools and multi-family residential properties. The Otay Water District's recycledwatersupplyoriginatesfromtheDistrict'sRalphW.ChapmanWaterRecyclingFacilityin RanchoSanDiegoandispumpedtoeasternChulaVista.Inthefuture,6.0milliongallonsper day(mgd)ofrecycledwaterwillbesuppliedfromtheCityofSanDiego'sSouthBayWater ReclamationPlant.AsrequiredbyanagreementwiththeCityofSanDiego,theOtayWater District is responsible for installing the infrastructure necessary to distribute recycled water within itsservicearea.Recycledwaterisnotapartofthepotablewatersupply. The demand for water will continue to increase as Chula Vista experiences further growth.Chula Vista can help to ensure adequate water supply for future generations by continuing to promote thedevelopmentofwaterefficientcommunitiesandtoimplementwaterconservationprograms. Objective-E3 Minimizetheimpactsofgrowthanddevelopmentonwatersupply resourcesthroughtheefficientuseandconservationofwaterby residents,businesses,andcitygovernment. Policies Promote state-of-the-art water conservation practices in existing and new E3.1 development,whereproventobesafeandenvironmentallysound. Promotetheuseoflowwaterdemandlandscapinganddroughttolerantplant E 3.2 materialsinbothexistingandnewdevelopment. Wheresafeandfeasible,promoteandfacilitatethecontinueduseofrecycledwaterin E3.3 newdevelopments,andexploreopportunitiesfortheuseofrecycledwaterin redevelopment projects. Support the continued use of graduated rate structures by water suppliers in order to E3.4 promotewaterconservation. PageE-23 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 RequirethepreparationandimplementationofWaterConservationPlansforlarge E3.5 development and redevelopment projects in accordance with the City's Water ConservationPlanGuidelinesoritsequivalent,pursuanttotheCity'sGrowth ManagementProgram. For existing development, as well as small development and redevelopment projects E3.6 not subject to the City's Growth Management Program, promote water conservation by residentsandbusinessesthroughappropriatelytargetededucationandcommunity programs. 3.1.4PreservingtheOpportunityforAgriculturalUses Throughtheearly1990s,thelastofthelarge-scaleagricultural operationsinChulaVistawerelocatedprimarilyonlarge WithintheGeneral landholdings within the eastern portion of the General Plan area. Plan area the Agriculturalproductiononlandswithinthisareahasbeen potential remains historicallyconstrainedduetothelimitedavailabilityofwaterfor for some degree of irrigationandthehighcostofwaterwhereithasbeenavailable. agricultural uses to occur on both AlthoughtheGeneralPlanareadoesnotcontainanylands specificallydesignatedforagriculturaluses,thepotentialremains an interim and foragriculturalusestooccurwithincertainportionsoftheGeneral long-term basis. Planareaonbothaninterimandlong-termbasis.2002State Department of Conservation mapping identified 13 acres of Prime FarmlandwithintheCitylimits(plusanadditional21acreswithin theremainderoftheGeneralPlanarea).TherearenoactiveWilliamsonActcontractsor properties,whichareestablishedagriculturalpreserves,withintheGeneralPlanarea. Alimitednumberofparcelsretainagriculturalzoning,whichis consideredaholdingzone,pendingdevelopmentproposalsin conformancewiththeapplicablelanduseplans.Muchoftheland zonedforagriculturewestoftheSweetwaterReservoirhasbeen incorporatedintoparkland.Onlyarelativelyfewlandholdings within the western portion of the General Plan area, located primarilyinthevicinityoftheOtayRiver,stillretainsmall-scale agricultural operations. Agricultural production on these parcels mayincludeseasonalfruitandvegetablecropsbutmayalso includenurseries;apiaries;ridingfacilities;orsimilaruses.Landszonedforagriculturewithinthe easternportionsoftheOtayRanch,eastoftheOtayReservoir,andnorthandsouthofDulzura Creek,aregenerallylocatedinareascontainingbiologicalresourcesandinterimagriculturaluses CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-24 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 arebeingphasedout.Intermittentcattlegrazinganddrylandfarmingoccurprimarilyonthe non-irrigated land in the east.Production associated with these uses is not significant in terms of countywideagriculturalvalue.Long-termagriculturaluseisnotplannedfortheGeneralPlan area,butisallowedwhereitisconsistentwiththeChulaVistaMSCPSubareaPlanandzoning, includingwithinportionsoftheChulaVistaGreenbeltopenspacesystem. AlthoughagriculturehasalonghistorywithinChulaVistaandthesurroundingarea,the economic contributions of agriculture have continually decreased in both production and employment value over time.Although agricultural production within the General Plan area will not be a major factor in the local or regional economy, the potential remains for some degree of agricultural uses to occur on both an interim and long-term basis. Furthermore, recreational and educational benefits can be derived from agricultural-related uses, such as community gardens, whichcanbeintegratedwithindevelopmentareas. Objective-E4 Maintain the opportunity for limited agricultural and related uses to occurasaninterimlandusewithinplanneddevelopmentareasandas apotentialpermanentlandusewithinappropriatelocations Policies All ow historical agricultural uses to continue within planned development areas as E4.1 aninterimlanduseinaccordancewiththeMSCPSubareaPlan. Allow agricultural uses on privately-owned property within the Chula Vista Greenbelt E 4.2 andelsewhere,providedtheuseisconsistentwiththeprovisionsoftheChulaVista MSCPSubareaPlan,aswellasthezoningoftheproperty. Encourage the development of community gardens and similar related uses within E4.3 appropriate, compatible locations throughout theCity. PageE-25 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 3.1.5WiseUseofMineralResources Mineralresourcesareimportantcommoditiesinthestateof California.TheSurfaceMiningandReclamationActof1975 Themostvaluable (SMARA) includes requirements and programs to ensure the long- mineral resource termavailabilityofmineralresourcesandthatthesignificant in Chula Vista is adverse environmental impacts of surface mining are adequately construction mitigated.MineralResourceZones(MRZs)areareasidentifiedby theStateofCaliforniarelativetoknownorexpectedmineral aggregate. resources. Portions of the Otay River Valley within the General Plan areaareidentifiedasanMRZ-2area--anareawhereadequate information indicates that significant mineral deposits are present or where it is judged that a high likelihood for their presence exists (Figure 9-4).Two other MRZ-2 areas are located on and justoutsidetheGeneralPlanarea:oneintheSweetwaterRiverValleyeastoftheSweetwater Reservoir; and the other along the Jamul/Dulzura Creek east of Lower Otay Lake (Figure 9-4). OfthemineralresourcesidentifiedintheMRZ-2zone,the mosteconomicallyvaluabletothestateandtheSanDiego regionistheminingofsand,gravel,andcrushedrock resources, known collectively as construction aggregate. Constructioncostsaresignificantlyreducedifaggregate materialsareavailableclosetoandinsufficientqualityand quantitytosupportnearbyconstruction.Giventhattheneed isgreatestinrapidlyurbanizingareas,aproblemfacingsand andgravelproducersthroughouttheregionisthattheyare beingreplacedbytheurbangrowththattheysupport. Both the Sweetwater River and the Otay River valleys contain significant deposits of construction qualitysandreserves.ThereachoftheSweetwaterRiverthatfallswithintheGeneralPlanarea isalsowithinaregionalparkand,therefore,nofurtherextractionofthisresourceispermitted.In additiontosandandgravelresources,RockMountain,situatedimmediatelynorthoftheOtay River, is currently being mined for boulders, which are processed into crushed rock. Although the MRZ-2zonewithintheOtayRiverValleyhasexperiencedsandandgravelmininginthepast,the majorityofthisareaisnowwithintheChulaVistaMSCPPreserve. TheMSCPisacomprehensive,long-termhabitatconservationprogramthataddressestheneeds ofmultipleendangered,threatened,andsensitiveplantandanimalspecies.Pursuanttothe ChulaVistaMSCPSubareaPlan,inthelong-termitisenvisionedthatnomining,extraction,or processingfacilitiesand/oractivitieswilloccurinthePreserve.TheSubareaPlanmandatesthat alltemporarysandminingandrelatedactivitiesmustbeconsistentwiththeobjectives, guidelines, and requirements of the MSCP Subregional Plan, the City of Chula Vista's ordinances, andSMARA.TheMSCPSubregionalPlanstatesthat:orexpandedminingoperationson landsconservedaspartofthePreserveareincompatiblewithMSCPPreservegoalsforcovered CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-26 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 species and their habitats unless otherwise agreed to by the wildlife agencies at the time the parcelis SurfaceminingisregulatedpursuanttoSMARA,asimplementedbytheCitythroughitsrecently adoptedSurfaceMiningOperationsOrdinance.Aswiththe stateandtheSanDiegoregion,themostvaluablemineral resourceinChulaVistaisconstructionaggregate.Ifanarea containing such resources is developed prior to accessing theseresources,itmayresultinthepermanentlossof mineralsthatareoflocalandregionalsignificance.Rock MountainisavaluableassetfortheCityandtheregion;the continuedminingofthisresourceisanticipatedforthenear future.However,theminingofresourceswithintheCity beyond Rock Mountain is anticipated to be very limited in the near-term and either very limited or nonexistent in the long-term.Furthermore, in the long-term, nominingisenvisionedtooccuratallwithintheChulaVistaMSCPPreserve. Objective-E5 Efficiently extract regionally significant mineral resources in accordance withtheChulaVistaMSCPSubareaPlanandrequiretheappropriate reclamation of mined areas for suitable future development, recreation, openspace,and/orhabitatrestoration. Policies Ensure that permit applications for proposed mineral resource extraction are E5.1 consistentwiththeChulaVistaMSCPSubareaPlan. Consider and minimize impacts from mining operations to existing and future E5.2 surrounding land uses. Ensurethatapprovedminingreclamationplansfullycomplywithrequirementsof E5.3 theChulaVistaMSCPSubareaPlan;ChulaVistaGreenbeltMasterPlan;Otay ValleyRegionalParkConceptPlan;andallotherapplicableplansregardingthe restorationofbiologicalhabitatsandthecreationoftrailsandparkland. City ofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 3.1.6PromotingCleanAir Both the federal government and the State of California have enacted legislation designed to improveairquality,includingthe1970FederalCleanAirActandtheCaliforniaCleanAirActof 1988. Attainment areas are in compliance with the national and/orCalifornia ambient air quality standards for a given pollutant; whereas, non-attainment areas are not.San Diego County's federalandstatedesignationsforeachofthecriteriapollutantsasofDecember2004areas follows: TABLE9-1 SanDiegoFederalandStateDesignationsforCriteriaPollutants as of December 2004 CriteriaPollutantFederalDesignationStateDesignation Ozone(onehour)AttainmentNonattainment Ozone(eighthour)Nonattainment(nostatestandard) CarbonMonoxideAttainmentAttainment NitrogenDioxideAttainmentAttainment SulfurDioxideAttainmentAttainment LeadAttainmentAttainment Sulfates(nofederalstandard)Attainment HydrogenSulfide(nofederalstandard)Unclassified Visibility(nofederalstandard)Unclassified 1 PM10UnclassifiableNonattainment 2 PM2.5(to bedesignated)(to bedesignated) 1 Source:CountyofSanDiegoAirPollutionControlDistrict particulatematterof10micronsorlessindiameter 2 andU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency particulatematterof25micronsorlessindiameter Unlikeparticulatematterandtoxicairemissionsthatcanbeemitteddirectlyfromavehicle's tailpipe,smogformsintheatmospherefromthephotochemicalreactionofvolatileorganic compoundsandoxidesofnitrogen,bothofwhichareemittedbymotorvehicles.Cars,trucks, andothermotorvehiclesproduceabouthalfofthesmog-formingemissionsinSanDiego County.In addition, motor vehicles emit toxic air contaminants, contribute significantly to particulate matter levels, and in areas where substantial vehicular congestion occurs, can result in carbonmonoxide(CO) Atoxicaircontaminantisanairpollutantthatmayincreasea person'sriskofdevelopingcancerand/orotherserioushealth effects.Since 1990, the San Diego County Air Pollution Control District(APCD)hasoperatedtoxicsamplingsitesinElCajon andChulaVista.Datafromthesesiteshasconsistentlyshown asignificantdownwardtrendinconcentrationsofseveral knowncarcinogens.Overall,emissionsofairtoxicsare declining,withan80percentreductioninestimatedindustrial toxicairemissionssincetheearly1990's. City of Chula Vista General Plan Page E-28 MRZ-2AreaMap Figure9-4 PageE-29 BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 TheCaliforniaAirToxicsInformationandAssessment TheChula Vista Actrequiresfacilitiesemittingtoxicsubstancestoprovidelocalair Carbon Dioxide pollutioncontroldistrictswithinformationthatwillfacilitatean Reduction Plan assessment of the air toxics problem; identification of air toxics containstwentyaction notification of thepublicexposedtosignificantrisk;anddevelopmentofeffective measures aimed at strategiestoreducepotentialriskstothepublicoveraperiodof reducing greenhouse fiveyears.TheAPCDistheimplementingagencyforapproximately gas emissions, 1,600facilitiesrequiredtocomplywiththeActwithinSanDiego improving air quality, County. and encouraging energy conservation. Atthestatelevel,theCaliforniaAirResourcesBoardcontinuesto implementanongoingprogramtoidentifytoxicaircontaminants, assess their public health risks, and develop air toxics control measures to reduce toxic emissions fromspecificsourcecategoriesstatewide.Localairdistrictsthenmustadoptandimplementthe state-approved emission reduction measures. The APCD has adopted statewide air toxics control measures(orisdirectlyimplementingmeasures)requiringactions,including:emissionscontrols for chrome plating operations; medical and commercial sterilizers; medical waste incinerators; dry cleaningoperations;metalmeltingoperations;andautomotivemaintenanceandrepairactivities. APCDRule1200(ToxicAirContaminantsNewSourceReview),adoptedin1996,requires evaluationofpotentialhealthrisksforanynew,relocated,ormodifiedemissionunitthatmay increaseemissionsofoneormoretoxicaircontaminants.Therulerequiresprojectswithan increaseincancerriskbetween1and10inonemillionto installtoxicsbestavailablecontroltechnology.Additionally, projectswithanincreaseincancerriskbetween10and100 inonemillionmustmeetsignificantlymorestringent requirements to mitigate risks before they can be approved. Energyconservationandatransitionfromfossilfuelbased electricitygenerationandheatingtonon-fossilfueled alternativeswillreducetheamountoflocal,regional,and globalairpollutionproducedandresultinimprovedair quality.TheCityofChulaVistahasdevelopedanumberof plansandstrategiesthatfocusonimprovingairqualityandenergyconservation.TheChulaVista (CarbonDioxide)ReductionPlan,adoptedinNovemberof2000,containstwentyactionmeasures aimedatreducinggreenhousegasemissions,improvingairquality,andencouragingenergy conservation.The City requires the preparation of an Air Quality Improvement Plan (AQIP) for all majordevelopmentprojects.ThefocusofanAQIPistoprovideforenergyconservationandair qualityimprovementsthroughimprovedprojectdesignandparticipationinenergyefficient building programs. LanduseandtransportationhavethegreatestimpactonairqualityinChulaVista.While progresshasbeenmadeattheregionallevelthereisstillmuchthatcanbedonelocally. Safeguardingpublichealthisthefocusoffederalandstateactivitieswithregardtoairquality programs. The impact of air quality on the health of the residents of Chula Vista is an important PageE-31 City ofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 issue. Energy conservation and a transition to renewable, non-fossil fuel based energy are an importantmeanstoreduceemissionscausedbythegenerationofelectricity.Asgrowthand redevelopmentcontinuesinChulaVista,airqualitywillremainanimportantfactortothequality oflifedesiredbythecommunity. Objective-E6 Improvelocalairqualityandreducegreenhousegasemissionsby minimizingthereleaseofairpollutantsandtoxicaircontaminantsand limitingtheexposureofpeopletosuchpollutants. Policies Encouragecompactdevelopmentfeaturingamixofusesthatlocateresidential E6.1 areaswithinreasonablewalkingdistancetojobs,services,andtransit. Promote and facilitate transit system improvements in order to increase transit E6.2 useandreducedependencyontheautomobile. Facilitate the use of alternative fuel and low-and zero-emission vehicles and E 6.3 equipmentinthecommunity. Donotsiteneworre-poweredfossil-fueledbaseloadorpeaking-typeElectric E6.4 Generating Facilities and other major toxic emitters within 1,000 feet of sensitive receptors, or site sensitive receptors within 1,000 feet of such facilities. Ensure Electrical Generating Facilities incorporate cleaner fuel sources and least E 6.5 pollutingtechnologiesinordertohelptransitiontheCitytoalessfossilfuel- dependentfuture,whilemeetingChulaenergydemand. Exploreincentivestopromotevoluntaryairpollutantreductions,including E6.6 incentives for developers who go above and beyond applicable requirements and forfacilitiesandoperationsthatarenototherwiseregulated. Encourageinnovativeenergyconservationpracticesandairquality E6.7 improvements in new development and redevelopment projects consistent with theCity'sAirQualityImprovementPlanGuidelinesoritsequivalent,pursuantto theCity'sGrowthManagementProgram. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-32 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 Encourageclimateresilientdesigntechniquesinnewbuildingsand E 6.8 infrastructure to reduce future risks from climate change-related impacts suchaswildfires,extremeheat,andflooding Discourage the use of landscaping equipment powered by two-stroke E6.9 gasoline engines within the City and promote less-polluting alternatives to their use. Thesitingofnewsensitivereceiverswithin500feetofhighwaysresultingfrom E6.10 development or redevelopment projects shall require the preparation of a health riskassessmentaspartoftheCEQAreviewoftheproject.Attendanthealthrisks identifiedintheHealthRiskAssessment(HRA)shallbefeasiblymitigatedtothe maximumextentpracticable,inaccordancewithCEQA,inordertohelpensure that applicablefederal and state standards are not exceeded. Develop strategies tominimize CO hotspots that addressall modes oftransportation. E6.11 Promotecleanfuelsourcesthathelpreducetheexposureofsensitiveusesto E 6.12 pollutants. Encourageprogramsandinfrastructuretoincreasetheavailabilityandusageof E 6.13 energy-efficient vehicles, such as hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles, or those thatrunonalternativefuels. E 6.14 alternativefuelvehiclesascurrentmunicipalfleetvehiclesarereplaced Siteindustries:andotherstationaryemittersinawaythatminimizesthepotential E 6.15 impactsofpoorairqualityonhomes,schools,hospitals,andotherlanduses wherepeoplecongregate,anddisadvantagedpopulations. Encouragetheuseofbicyclesthroughsupportofbikeshareopportunities, E 6.16 communitybikeprograms,andtheprovisionofbicycleparkingopportunities suchasbikeracksandbikelockers. Objective-E6A Exploreopportunitiesforimprovingindoorairquality. Policies E6.A.1 Continue to limit exposure to secondhand smoke by encouraging the creation of smokefreespacesandfacilitiesinpublicspaces,andatallworkplacesand multi unit housing. PageE-33 City ofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 Workwithoutsidepartnerssuchasthelocalschooldistrictsandothercommunity E6.A.2 stakeholderstoeducatethepublicaboutenvironmentalhealththreatssuchasof moldgrowthandestablishprogramstoassistinreducingsuchthreats. Encourageprogramstopreventinsectandrodentinfestation. E6.A.3 Supportleadabatementprograms. E6.A.4 E6.A.5 Increasesafehouseholdhazardouswastedisposalprogrammingandoutreach. Leverage home and business energy upgrade programs to improve indoor air E6.A.6 qualityandcomfortforoccupants. Objective-E6 B Prioritizegreeningeffortstokeepair,water,andlandclean Policies Protect and develop shade tree coveralongstreetsandwithinparkinglotsasa E6.B.1 priority, particularly in new developments ortree-deficientareas. Preferentiallyplantfemalestreettreestoreducepollen,especiallyinthemost E6.B.2 populatedareas. Prioritize natural filtration, as opposed toimpermeablehardscaping,within E6.B.3 new development projects, along roadways, and adjacent to stream and river banks. Update the building code to supportbestpracticesindesign, E6.B.4 construction, and operations. Providefast-trackpermittingforprojectsthatimplement E6.B.5 design and construction. Encourage or require all new buildingconstructiontoincorporategreen E6.B.6 roofs and encourage conversions of existingroofspacetogreenroofsto reduceheatislandeffect. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-34 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 3.1.7CreatingASustainableEnergyFuture The focus of this section is energy conservation. (The Public Facilities Since 1990... Chula andServicesElementaddressesenergydemand,supply,and infrastructure.)Energyisessentialtomaintainingtheexistingquality Vistahasimplementeda of life and economic development and sustainability of the region. number of measures to TheprimarysourcesofenergyinSanDiegoCountyareelectricity improve the energy andnaturalgas.Atpresent,theregionisheavilydependentupon efficiency of City theimportationofnaturalgastoproduceelectricitylocally,aswell operations and facilities astheimportationofelectricityproducedoutsideoftheregion. and transitionto alternative clean energy Reducingdemandforelectricityandnaturalgasisanimportant sources. steptohelpmeetthegrowingenergyneedsoftheregionand meetingtheintentandspiritoftheenvironmentalgoals. Plans and programs currently implemented by regional and local agencies to conserve energy andnaturalgasarehelpingtoreducedemand. In1994,SANDAGadoptedtheSanDiegoRegionalEnergyPlan that identified energy issues and specific measures to improve the efficiency of energy use and develop distributive power generation. AsaresultoftheRegionalEnergyPlan,theSanDiegoRegional Energy Office (SDREO) was formed to provide information on energyissuesfortheregion.In2002,SDREOpreparedtheSan DiegoRegionalEnergyInfrastructureStudythatprovidesan inventory and evaluation of energy supply and infrastructure necessarytomeetregionalneedsthrough2030. This study was used to develop the 2003 Regional Energy Strategy, a comprehensive plan that addresseselectricityandnaturalgassupplyanddemand.Itcontainsabroadvisionofhowenergy challengesshouldbeaddressedandhowenergywillbeproducedandconsumedthroughoutthe region through 2030. TheCityofChulaVistaEnergyStrategyandActionPlan(EnergyStrategy)hasninestrategyactions. Thestrategyactionsaregroupedintocategoriesbasedonriskfactorsandpayofftimeframes, ranging from continued or expanded conservation and education programs to the formation of a municipalutilitytoprovideenergyservices.InadditiontotheEnergyStrategy,abroadrangeof energy efficiency programs are implemented by the federal and state governments and utility providers that provide incentives to energy users to promote the use of energy efficient equipment andappliancesandtobuildersthatdesignandconstructenergyefficientbuildings.ChulaVista hasimplementedanumberofmeasurestoimprovetheenergyefficiencyofCityoperationsand facilitiesandtransitiontoalternativecleanenergysources,including,butnotlimitedto,the purchase of alternative fuel buses; the use of biodiesel, energy efficiency upgrades for traffic signals andbuildings;andtheinstallationofphotovoltaicsystemsonCityfacilities. PageE-35 City ofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 MeetingthefutureenergyneedsofChulaVistaandtheregionwillrequireanintegrated approach,including:increaseddevelopmentof,andreliance,onrenewableenergysources; decreased dependence on non-renewable energy sources; and the expansion and promotion of energyconservationprogramsandmeasures.Thedevelopmentofrenewablesourcesofenergy withinChulaVistaandtheregionwillfacilitatetheabilitytomeetenergyneedsinan environmentally sensitive manner and reduce dependency upon imported energy. Objective-E7 Promoteenergyconservationthroughtheefficientuseofenergyand throughthedevelopmentoflocal,non-fossilfuel-basedrenewable sourcesofenergy. Policies Promotedevelopmentofregulationsandbuildingdesignstandardsthat E 7.1 maximize energy efficiency through appropriate site and building design and throughtheuseofenergy-efficientmaterials,equipment,andappliances. Encourageandsupportthelocalresearch,development,generation,anduseof E 7.2 non-fossil, fuel-based renewable sources of energy, including wind and solar resources,thatmeetlocalenergyneedsinanenvironmentallysensitivemanner andreducedependenceonimportedenergy. Develop and provide pertinent information about the benefits of energy E 7.3 conservation and available energy conservation incentive programs to all segmentsofthecommunity. Pursue and encourage the expansion of local energy conservation, energy E 7.4 efficiency,andrelatedincentiveprograms. E7.5 Pursue40%City-wideelectricitysupplyfromclean,renewableresourcesby2017. E.7.6 Encouragetheconstructionandoperationofgreenbuildings,consideringsuch TM programsastheLeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesign(LEED)Green Building Rating System. E7.7 Supporttreeplantingprogramsthatwillbeimplementedtoreduceenergyneeds. E 7.8 Ensure that residential and non-residential construction complies with all applicableCityofChulaVistaenergyefficiencymeasuresandothergreen buildingmeasuresthatareineffectatthetimeofdiscretionarypermitreviewand Approvalorbuildingpermitissuance,whicheverisapplicable CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-36 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 3.1.8PromotingSolidWasteReductionStrategies WhilethePublicFacilitiesandServicesElementaddressescurrentandfuturesolidwaste disposal facility needs, this section of the Environmental Element addresses recycling and waste reductionefforts. Recyclingandsolidwastereductionprogramshavebeeninplacein ChulaVistasince1990tomeettheStategoalofdivertingorreducing Chula Vista 50percentofthesolidwastegeneratedbyallresidential,commercial, has reduced or andindustrialuses.ACity-wideresidentialcurbsidecollection diverted more programforrecyclableitemshasbeeninplacesince1991.The than50percent preparationofasolidwastemanagementplanisrequiredaspartof ofthesolidwaste the permit approval process for new development and redevelopment generated within projects; the plan must address the pre-construction, construction, and operationalphasesoftheproject.Asaresultoftheseefforts,Chula the City. Vistahasreducedordivertedmorethan50percentofthesolidwaste generatedwithintheCity,therebyachievingtheStategoal. Chula Vista's household hazardous waste (HHW) program, designed to provide a means to safely collect;recycle;treat;anddisposeofHHW,wasimplementedin1997.HHWcollectedattheCity's facility is sent to various locations throughout the United States for treatment and/or recycling. Section 3.4.2 of this element, Managing Household Hazardous Waste, further addresses the management of HHW. Public education and awareness programs, including programs for school-agechildren,supporttherecyclingprogramandcontributetohighparticipationrates.In additiontorecycling,ChulaVista'ssolidwastemanagement strategies include source reduction and composting.The City is working towards the goal of establishing a permanent compost siteattheOtayLandfill. Thecurrentandfuturedemandforsolidwastedisposalrequires ChulaVistatotakeanaggressiveapproachtosourcereduction. Continuedeffortstoeducatethepublicaboutrecycling,proper disposal of household hazardous waste, and composting will be critical to meeting the future solidwastedisposalneedsoftheGeneralPlanarea. Objective-E8 Minimize the amount of solid waste generated within the General Plan areathatrequireslandfilldisposal. PageE-37 City ofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 Policies Promoteeffortstoreducewaste,minimizetheneedforadditionallandfills,and E 8.1 provide economically and environmentally sound resource recovery, management, and disposal facilities. Support the development of composting programs for commercial and residential E 8.2 development. Implementsourcereductionstrategies,includingcurbsiderecycling,useofsmall E 8.3 collection facilities for recycling, and composting. Provideinformationaboutapplicablesolidwastereductionprogramstoall E 8.4 segmentsofthecommunity,includingothergovernmentalinstitutions. Encourage the reduction of household hazardous waste generation and disposal E 8.5 bypromotingtheuseofsafesubstitutes,andbypromotingandfacilitating recyclingofhouseholdhazardouswaste. Permitrecyclingoperationsandbusinessesthatutilizerecyclablematerialswithin E 8.6 industrialzonesincloseproximitytoOtayLandfill,subjecttoconformancewith applicableSPAPlan-levelpoliciesandzoningregulations. 3.1.9ProtectingChulaCulturalResources Culturalresourcesconsistof:buildings;structures;objects; Culturalresourcesthat archaeologicalsites;districts;landscapes;places;traditional reflect the history of a cultural properties; manuscripts; and other resources deemed community, from to be historically significant or significant from an architectural; descendants of the engineering;scientific;economic;agricultural;educational; earliest Native social; political; military; or cultural standpoint at the local, state, Americans to later ornationallevel.Aculturalresourcemay:bethelocationofa explorers, settlers, and prehistoricorhistoricoccupationoractivity;bealocalethat immigrants, are has been, and often continues to be, of religious, mythological; important to the cultural,economic,and/orsocialimportancetoanidentifiable ethnicgroup;beassociatedwitheventsthathavemadea community and, significant contribution to history or cultural heritage; be therefore, warrant associatedwiththelivesofimportantpersons;embodythe protection by the City. distinctivecharacteristicsofatype,period,region,ormethod of construction; represent the work of an important creative individual; possess high artistic values; or yield information important in prehistory or history. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-38 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 Culturalresourcesmaybelistedinalocalregisterofhistoricalresources,intheCaliforniaRegisterof HistoricalResources,andintheNationalRegister ofHistoricPlaces.TheChulaVistaListofDesignated Historic Sites constitutes the City of Chula Vista's local register of historical resources.On September EvaluationofHistoricPreservationinChulaPoliciesaddressingtheimplementationofthe report'srecommendationsarecontainedinSection7.6oftheLandUseandTransportationElement. Due to the relationship between historic buildings, community character, and urban design, the specific issuespertainingtohistoricbuildingsareaddressedintheLandUseandTransportationElement.The focusofthissectionisontheremainingtypesofculturalresources. Native American presence in San Diego County is known to extend backapproximately9,000yearsfromtoday.Approximately600 prehistoricarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenrecordedwithinthe ChulaVistaGeneralPlanarea,manyofwhichremaininpartorin total,suggestingthelikelihoodthatadditionalunrecordedsitesare present within undeveloped, as well as some previously developed, portionsoftheGeneralPlanarea. Spanishcontactintheregionin1769markedtheendoftheprehistoriceraandthebeginningofthe historicera.TheChulaVistaareawaspartofaSpanishlandgrantknownasRanchodelRey,the King'sRanch.UnderMexicanrulein1821,thisranch,encompassingNationalCity,ChulaVista, Bonita,Sunnyside,andtheSweetwaterRiverValley,wasknownasRanchodelaNacion.TheUnited Statesmilitaryoccupiedtheregionin1846andassumedformalcontrolwiththeTreatyofGuadalupe- Hidalgoin1848.In1850,theCaliforniaStateLegislatureformallyorganizedSanDiegoCounty.The SantaFeRailroadwasbroughttosouthernCaliforniain1885,withitsfirstterminusinNationalCity. Subsequently,theSweetwaterDamwasbuilttobringwatertoChulaVistaandarailroadwasbuilt connectingChulaVistaandOtayMesawithNationalCityandSanDiego.Intime,ChulaVistabecame thelargestlemon-growingcenterintheworld. TheCityofChulaVistawasincorporatedin1911,withapopulationof550.Afteritsincorporation, ChulaVistacontinuedtobealeadinglemon-growingcenter;otherimportantcropsproducedinChula Vistaincludedtomatoesandcelery.ChulaVistawasalsohometoseveralothersignificantindustries. TheSaltWorkshasbeenoperatingontheChulaVistabayfrontsincetheendofthenineteenth century,andRohrAircraftCompanywasestablishedontheChulaVistabayfrontduringthe1940s. ChulaVistaassessesandmitigatesthepotentialimpactsofprivatedevelopmentandpublicfacilities andinfrastructuretosignificantculturalresourcespursuanttotheprovisionsoftheCalifornia EnvironmentalQualityAct(CEQA).Sections15064.5and15126.4oftheStateCEQAGuidelinesdefine historical resources (i.e., cultural resources) and address, in general terms, mitigation requirements for significantandpotentiallysignificantimpactstosuchresources.PursuanttotheStateCEQA Guidelines, historical resources are not limited to officially listed resources, but also include resources found to be eligible for listing at the local, state, and federal levels.Cultural resources that reflect the history of a community, from descendants of the earliest Native Americans to later explorers, settlers, and immigrants, are important to the community and, therefore, warrant protection by the City. Furthermore, the accessibility of important cultural resources to the public for educational, religious, cultural,scientificandotherpurposesshouldbesupportedandencouragedbytheCity. PageE-39 City ofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 Objective-E9 encouragetheiraccessibilitytothepublic. Policies E 9.1 Continuetoassessandmitigatethepotentialimpactsofprivatedevelopmentand public facilities and infrastructure to cultural resources, in accordance with the CaliforniaEnvironmentalQualityAct. E 9.2 resourcestothepublicforeducational;religious;cultural;scientific;andother purposes, including the establishment of museums and facilities accessible to the public, where such resources can be appropriately studied, exhibited, curated, etc. Discourage disruption, demolition, and other negative impacts to historic cultural E9.3 Resources. 3.1.10Protecting PaleontologicalResources Paleontologicalresources,orfossils,aretheremainsand/ortracesof prehistoric (i.e., older than approximately 10,000 years) plant and animallife.Fossilsprovideuswithdirectevidenceofancient organismsanddocumentthepatternsoforganicevolutionand extinctionthathavecharacterizedthehistoryoflifeoverthepast3.4 billion years. Paleontological resources, like archaeological resources, representalimited,non-renewable,andsensitivescientificand educationalresource.InCalifornia,impactstopaleontological resourcesareaddressedthroughtheenvironmentalreviewprocess pursuant to CEQA. Fossil remains, such as bones, Negative impacts to teeth, shells, and wood are found paleontological inthegeologicdeposits(sedimentaryrockformations)within resources generally whichtheywereoriginallyburied.Inthesenseofbeingburied, take the form of paleontologicalresourcesarelikearchaeologicalresources. However,archaeologicalresourcesaretypicallyfoundin physical destruction shallowsurficialsoilsandcolluvium,whilepaleontological of fossil remains by resourcesarefoundindeeperbedrocklayersofsandstone, excavationoperations. mudstone,orshale. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-40 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 Paleontologicalresourcescanbethoughtofasincluding notonlyactualfossilremains,butalsothelocalitieswhere thosefossilsarecollected,andthegeologicformations(rock units)containingthelocalities.Thisdirectrelationship betweenfossilsandthegeologicformationswithinwhich they are entombed is important for planning purposes. Knowledgeofthegeologyofaparticularareaandthe paleontological resource sensitivity (i.e., fossil productivity) of particulargeologicformationsmakesitpossibletopredict wherefossilsmay(ormaynot)beencountered.Anumber ofdistinctgeologicformationsthatrecordportionsofthe past140millionyearsofEarthhistoryarepresentwithintheGeneralPlanarea;however,the recordismostcompleteforonlythepast42millionyears.Thegeologicformationspresent withintheGeneralPlanareaconsistof:MissionValleyFormation;OtayFormation;SanDiego Formation; Sweetwater Formation; Bay Point Formation; Unnamed nearshore marine sandstone; LindavistaFormation;Unnamedriverterracedeposits;LaterQuaternaryalluvium;andSantiago PeakVolcanics.Thepaleontologicalresourcesensitivityoftheseformationsrangesfrom marginal to high. Decipheringthisgeologicalandbiologicalrecordisanongoingprocessandeachyearbrings new discoveries.This is especially the case in the City of Chula Vista, where continued growth anddevelopmentpresentspotentialimpactstolocalpaleontologicalresources.Overthepast 20-plusyears,mitigationoftheseimpactshasresultedintherecoveryandconservationof thousands of significant fossils, including many that represent species new to science. Negativeimpactstopaleontologicalresourcesgenerallytaketheformofphysicaldestructionof fossilremainsbyexcavationoperations.Burialofpaleontologicalresourcesisnotconsideredto representasignificantimpact,sincetheresourcesarenotdestroyed.Significantimpactsto sensitivepaleontologicalresourcescanbemitigatedthroughamitigationprogram.Typically, mitigation occurs during construction, consisting of monitoring during excavation operations and the recovery of significant resources. Recovered resources are then curated at an appropriate institution,wheretheyareavailableforimmediateandfuturepaleontologicalstudyandcanbe displayedforpublicviewing. ChulaVistaassessesandmitigatesthepotentialimpactsofprivatedevelopmentandpublic facilitiesandinfrastructuretopaleontologicalresourcespursuanttotheprovisionsofCEQA. PursuanttoSection15065oftheStateCEQAGuidelines,aleadagencymustfindthataproject mayhaveasignificanteffectontheenvironmentwheretheprojecthasthepotentialtoeliminate important examples of the major periods of California prehistory, which includes the destruction ofsignificantpaleontologicalresources. PageE-41 City ofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 Objective-E10 Protect important paleontological resources and support and encourage publiceducationandawarenessofsuchresources. Policies Continuetoassessandmitigatethepotentialimpactsofprivatedevelopment E10.1 and public facilities and infrastructure to paleontological resources in accordance withtheCaliforniaEnvironmentalQualityAct. Supportandencouragepubliceducationandawarenessoflocalpaleontological E 10.2 resources,includingtheestablishmentofmuseumsandeducational opportunitiesaccessibletothepublic. 3.2OpenSpace Open space provides for the preservation of natural resources, suchas:wildlifeandtheirhabitats;scenicvistas;unique The Chula Vista naturalconditions;sensitivevegetation;agriculturaluses;and Greenbeltincorporates productivesoils.Openspacealsocanprovideabreakinthe developed and un- urbanstructure,creatingvisualrelief;diversity;texture;pattern; developed open space andcontinuitytotheoverallpatternofdevelopment. andpotentialnewopen Additionally,openspacecanbeusedtolimitorrestrict space linkages to form development in areas exposed to significant hazards, such as: earthquakes;landslides;fires;floods;anderosion,andasa a continuous 28-mile buffertoprotectsensitiveusesfromnoise. open space and park system around the Thefollowingfouropenspacelandusedesignationshave perimeter of the City. beenestablishedtoaddressthedifferenttypesandfunctions ofopenspaceareasthroughouttheGeneralPlanarea:Open Space;OpenSpacePreserve;OpenSpace-ActiveRecreation; andParksandRecreation.Thesespecificdesignationsapplytoareasthathaveanabundance ofnaturalresources;visualresources;recreationalvalue;and/orpublicsafetyconcerns,among other attributes.The Land Use and Transportation Element describes the open space land use CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-42 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 designationsandtheirlocationsthroughouttheCity.Theaforementionedfouropenspaceland usedesignationsaredepictedonFigure9-5asacompositeopenspacenetwork. TheChulaVistaGreenbeltincorporatesdevelopedand undevelopedopenspaceandpotentialnewopenspace linkagestoformacontinuous28-mileopenspaceandpark systemaroundtheperimeteroftheCity,servingasalimitto theCity'surbandevelopment(Figure9-6).TheChulaVista GreenbeltMasterPlanaddressesavarietyofissuesand challenges,including:existingandpotentialtraillocations; developmentstandardsforfuturetrailsandparking/staging areas;managementandmaintenanceresponsibilities;andthe establishmentofanopenspacenetworkthatconnectsparks andactivityareasthroughouttheCity. TheChulaVistaParksandRecreationMasterinventoryincludesexistingparksand recreation facilities, a needs assessment, and policies to implement the General Plan.It also discussesopenspaceareasandtrails. TheOtayRanchGeneralDevelopmentPlan(GDP)governsthedevelopmentofthe23,000-acre OtayRanch.AsapartoftheOtayRanchGDP,alargeregionaltrailsystemlinkedtopaseosand publicparkswillprovideforavarietyofrecreationaloptions.An11,000-acreopenspacepreserve hasbeenestablishedtoprotectmostofthenaturalresourceareaswithinOtayRanch.TheOtay RanchGDPandOtayRanchResourceManagementPlanrecognizetheimportanceof environmentalandlandformpreservation,andtheneedtodesignenvironmentallysensitive communities. The Otay Valley Regional Park Concept Plan addresses the planned 8,700-acre, multi- jurisdictional regional open space system extending through the Otay River Valley from San Diego Bay to the Otay Lakes (Figure 9-6).Opportunities exist for the park to contain substantial preservearea,aswellasactiveandpassiverecreationareasandequestrian,hiking,andbiking trails. TheMultipleSpeciesConservationProgram(MSCP)isacomprehensiveprogramforthe preservationofnumeroussensitiveplantandanimalspeciesintheregion.TheChulaVista MSCP Subarea Plan anticipates the development of active recreation uses within portions of the Otay River Valley and limited opportunities for trails and passive recreation within portions of the MSCP Preserve. (See Section 3.1.1 if this element for more information on the MSCP.) PageE-43 City ofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 3.2.1ConnectingandImprovingChulaOpenSpaceand Trails Network ChulaVistahassignificantopenspaceareaswithavariety ofnaturalresources.TheCityhastakenamulti-track approach to the conservation and management of its open spaceresources,includingthepreservationofcritical landformsandrequirementsforopenspacededicationin masterplannedcommunities.Therearecurrentlyseveral thousandacresofundevelopedlandthroughoutthe GeneralPlanarea.Althoughsomeofthislandwillremain as permanent open space and is designated as such throughtheGeneralPlan,muchofitwillbedevelopedin the future. TheprimaryopenspacenetworkintheCityofChulaVistaandsouthSanDiegoCountyisthe ChulaVistaGreenbelt(Figure9-6).Asthebackboneofanopenspaceandparksystemthat extends throughout Chula Vista and beyond, the Greenbelt encircles urban areas, providing visualrelief;recreationalopportunities;resourceprotection;andauniqueidentityfortheCity. Inmasterplannedcommunities,theCityrequiresdedicationofopenspacetopreservenatural resources and to create visual relief, diversity, and texture for the community. Some of the open space created in this manner is within the Chula Vista Greenbelt, while the remainder is internal tothecommunities.TheCityhasothersmallopenspaceareasoutsideofmasterplanned communities,includingutilitycorridors,unimproveddrainagecourses,andundevelopedcanyon areas.Parksareconsideredacomponentoftheopenspacenetwork,inlightofthevisual reliefthattheyprovidefromthebuiltenvironment.Parkandrecreationneedsofthecommunity areaddressedinthePublicFacilitiesandServicesElement. ThedevelopedportionsofwesternChulaVistaincludelimitedamountsoftrailsandopenspace. WithincreasedresidentialdensitiesandintensityofdevelopmentinthisportionoftheCity,there willbeacorrespondingincreaseindemandforallformsofopenspace.Openspaceareasin newer developments often lie disconnected from the Greenbelt. There are opportunities to provide internaltrailconnections,especiallywithinexistingutilitycorridorsandalongimportant roadways. Trailsaredefinedaspathsusedforwalking,bicycling,horsebackriding,orotherformsof recreation or transportation. The Greenbelt Master Plan envisions two types of trails within the Greenbelt:multi-usetrailsandruraltrails.Multi-usetrailsaredesignedforavarietyofusers,such as: bicyclists; equestrians; pedestrians; joggers; and other non-motorized activities; and may be improvedwithavarietyoftrailsurfaces.Ruraltrailsprovideaccesstoopenspaceareasandare CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-44 GeneralPlanAreaOpenSpaceMap NORTH N.T.S. Figure9-5 PageE-45 Blank NaturalSystemsOpenSpaceMap PageE-47 Figure9-6 BLANK ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 designedtominimizeimpactstonaturalresources,limitaccess tomaintenanceandemergencyvehicles,andmaylimitthetype ofusers,dependingonpermittedusesintheseresourceareas. LimitedopportunitiesexistfortrailswithinportionsoftheChula VistaMSCPPreserve(Figures9-2and9-6).Theprovisionof futuretrailsshouldnotonlyconsiderthosewithintheGreenbelt andtheMSCPPreserve,butalsolandscapepromenades, paseos,orotherurbantrails/pathsthatconnectcommunity featuresoractivityareas,orthatconnectthecoreareaofthe CitytotheGreenbeltandMSCPPreserve. AsdevelopmentandpopulationgrowthinChulaVistacontinues,improvementoftheCity'sopen spaceandtrailsnetwork,includingtheprovisionofadditionalinternalconnectionsbetweenthe various elements of the network, will become increasingly important. The preparation of a City- wideTrailsMasterPlanisneeded,andthecreationofconnectedpaseosandtrailsbetween community activity areas should be encouraged. The provision of sufficient open space areas is neededwithintheremainingdevelopmentareasoftheCity'smasterplannedcommunitiesand withinotherlarge-scaledevelopments,suchasontheBayfront.Urbancommunity-based infrastructurethatisdistinctfromhabitatconservationshouldbeexpandeduponand encouraged. The retention and utilization of open space areas, including undeveloped natural areas, utility corridors, and key scenic corridors, should be encouraged, where feasible. Objective-E11 provisionofadditionalinternalconnectionsbetweenthevarious elementsofthenetwork. Policies Provideanintegratednetworkofopenspaceareas,asneeded,throughoutthe E11.1 Cityto serveresidents,aswellastoserveasaregionalassetandattractorof visitors (e.g., on the bayfront and within the Otay River Valley). Planforthelong-termpreservationandenhancementofopenspacewithinthe E11.2 Chula Vista Greenbelt. ConserveopenspacewithintheChulaVistaGreenbeltthroughpublicacquisition E11.3 of private property and other acceptable conservation methods. PageE-49 City ofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 PrepareandimplementaCity-wideTrailsMasterPlanthatdefinesstagingand E11.4 accessareas,trailtypes,standards,andsitingcriteria,consistentwiththe GreenbeltMasterPlanandtheChulaVistaMSCPSubareaPlan,includingthe placement of appropriate limitations on public access outside of designated trails and staging and access areas. Encouragethecreationofconnectedpaseosandtrailsbetweencommunity E11.5 activityareasandenhancewithkiosksandreststations. TheSweetwaterRivercorridorshouldberestoredandenhancedasan E11.6 environmental and recreational resource for the community. Expanduponandencourageurbancommunity-basedinfrastructurethat E11.7 isdistinctfromhabitatconservation(e.g.,community,neighborhood,andpocket parks,disturbedcanyons,communityandroofgardens,andvegetateddrainages) and ensure that such facilities are integrated into new development and redevelopment in western Chula Vista. Developagreenbeltparkand/oropenspacesystemthroughtheBayfront E11.8 PlanningAreatolinktheSweetwaterandOtayriversandtobuffersensitive natural resources from development within the planning area. Work with utility owners and operators to promote the use of utility easements E11.9 andcorridorsasopenspaceandtrailcorridors. Encourage the retention of open space areas, including undeveloped natural E11.10 areas and utility corridors, wildlife corridors, and key scenic corridors. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-50 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 3.2.2ProvidingConnectionstotheRegionalOpenSpaceandTrails Network ChulaVista'sopenspaceandtrailnetworkabutsother regionalopenspaceareasandtrails,including:the BayshoreBikeway;CaliforniaRidingandHikingTrail; Sweetwater Valley trail system; future Otay Valley Regional Parktrailsystem;andtheopenspacepreserveinthe unincorporatedeasternportionofOtayRanch.Some connectionsbetweentheCity'sopenspaceandtrails networkandtheregionalnetworkexisttoday;othersare planned;andadditionalopportunitieswilllikelybecome evidentasfutureregionalopenspaceandtrailsplansare formulatedandimplemented. FutureconnectionsbetweentheCity'sopenspaceandtrailsnetworkandtheregionalnetwork willserveChulaVistaresidentsandvisitors,aswellassurroundingcommunities.Providingsuch connections will require careful collaboration with the applicable agencies responsible for planning,implementing,andmanagingthevariouscomponentsoftheregionalopenspaceand trailsnetwork.Inaddition,opportunitiesforconnectionstotheregionalopenspaceandtrails networkthroughdevelopmentsadjacenttothenetworkshouldbeexploredastheCityprocesses developmentproposals. Objective-E12 ProvideconnectionsbetweenChulaopenspaceandtrails networkandtheregionalnetwork. Policies Collaborate with San Diego County, the City of San Diego, and other applicable E12.1 agenciestoprovideconnectionsbetweenChulaVista'sopenspaceandtrails networkandtheregionalnetwork,inaccordancewiththeChulaVistaMSCP SubareaPlanandOtayValleyRegionalParkConceptPlan. Exploreopportunitiesforconnectionstotheregionalopenspaceandtrails E12.2 network through developments within the City adjacent to the network as development proposals are reviewed and processed, and work with project proponentsandapplicableagenciestoplan,develop,andmanagesuch connections. PageE-51 City ofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 3.2.3ExploringEcotourismOpportunities ChulaVistaandthesouthSanDiegoCountysubregionpossess a multitude of natural resources and ecologically-oriented recreationalamenities,including:theSanDiegoNational Ecotourism promotes WildlifeRefugeComplex;SanDiegoBay;PacificOcean; the conservation of SweetwaterValleyRegionalPark;plannedOtayValleyRegional naturalresourcesand Park;OtayLakes;BayshoreBikeway;CaliforniaRidingand contributes to the HikingTrail;andaportionofthePeninsularRanges.SanDiego Countyhasover200plantandanimalspeciesthatarefederally diversification and and/or state listed as endangered, threatened, or rare; proposed health of the orcandidatesforlisting;orotherwiseareconsideredsensitive, local economy. manyofwhichoccurinthesubregion.Theseandmanyother speciesofplants;fish;amphibians;reptiles;birds(including migratory species); and mammals reside within the vast array of upland and wetland habitats of the subregion's coastal, inland, andmountainareas.Thenaturalresourcesandecologically-orientedrecreationalamenitiesofthe subregionarepresentlyenjoyedbylocalresidentsaswellasvisitorsfromthroughoutthe southernCalifornia/northernBajaCaliforniabinationalregionandbeyond. TheInternationalEcotoursimSocietydefinesecotourismas "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people." ChulaVistaandthesouthSanDiegoCountysubregion possessuniqueandvariednaturalresourcesand ecologically-oriented recreational amenities. Ecotourism alsopromotestheconservationofnaturalresourcesand contributestothediversificationandhealthofthelocal economy.Giventheecologicalandeconomicbenefitsthat couldbederivedfromecotourisminChulaVistaandthe subregion,itspotentialviabilityisworthyofexploration. Objective-E13 Acknowledgetheuniquenessofthenaturalresourcesandecologically- oriented recreational amenities in Chula Vista and the south San Diego Countysubregionandthepotentialviabilityofecotourismtoenhance economicandenvironmentalsustainability. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-52 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 Policies CollaboratewithotherjurisdictionsandagencieswithinChulaVistaandinthe E13.1 southSanDiegoCountysubregiontoexplorethepotentialviabilityofnear-term and long-term ecotourism opportunities, and to promote such opportunities. 3.3NaturalHazards NaturalhazardsinChulaVistaareassociatedwithearthquakes;landslides;slopeinstability; flooding;daminundation;andwildlandfires.Thissectionidentifiestheenvironmentalsafety hazardsfacingexistingandnewdevelopmentinChulaVistaandincludesgeneralhazardand riskreductionstrategiesandpolicies,suchasthemitigationofhazardsthroughavoidancein newdevelopmentandredevelopment. 3.3.1IdentifyingandLimitingGeologicHazards Seismic Hazards ChulaGeneralPlanareaissituatedwithinseismically Planning for a safe activesouthernCalifornia.WhilenoknownAlquist-Priolo communityrequires Earthquake Fault Zones or active faults (i.e., faults that exhibit evidenceofgrounddisplacementduringthelast11,000years) consideration of traverse Chula Vista, traces of the potentially active La Nacion geologic hazards. faultzoneareknowntocrosstheCityinagenerallynorth- Incorporating proper southdirectionwithinthecentralportionoftheCity(Figure9- geotechnical 7).ThegreatestmagnitudeearthquakeexpectedontheLa engineering techniques Nacionfaultisestimatedtobe6.0.Thenearestactivefaultsare indevelopmentprojects theRoseCanyonfault,locatedapproximately14miles can reduce the risks northwestoftheCity,andtheCoronadoBankfault,located approximately30milesfromtheCity.Otheractivefaultsinthe associated with regionarelocatedmorethan60milesfromtheCity. geologic hazards to an acceptable level. Ingeneral,hazardsassociatedwithseismicactivityinclude: stronggroundmotion;groundsurfacerupture;liquefaction; and seismically induced settlement.Ground surface rupture is not considered likely to occur in theGeneralPlanarea,duetotheabsenceofanyknownactivefaults.Lurchingorcracking ofthegroundsurfaceasaresultofnearbyordistantseismiceventsisalsoconsideredunlikely. Strongvibrationsduetoearthquakescancauseliquefactionofcertainsoiltypes.AreasofChula PageE-53 City ofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 Vista in close proximity to San Diego Bay and the Sweewater and Otay River Valley (Figure 9-7) haveshallowgroundwatertablesandpoorlyconsolidatedgranularsedimentspotentiallysubject to seismically-induced liquefaction. Seismic activity within the region can cause structures to fail, resulting in significant property damage, business disruptions, injuries and even loss of life. Landslides and Slope Instability Areasofknownlandslides,orareasgenerallysusceptibleto landsliding,withintheGeneralPlanareahavebeenidentified(see Figure9-7).Thepotentialforearthquake-inducedlandslidingin hillsideterrainisalsopresent.Slopessteeperthan25degrees (approximately 2:1) are potentially subject to instability. Such areas may be prone to hazards such as: surficial failures; earthflows; debris flow; mudslides;rockfalls;soilcreep;anderosion.Failuresofman-made slopescouldalsooccurinsomeofthepreviouslydevelopedareasof the City. Planningforasafecommunityrequiresconsiderationofgeologic hazards. Incorporatingproper geotechnical engineering techniques in development projects can reduce the risks associated with geologic hazards to an acceptable level. TheStateHistoricalBuildingCodeisatoolthatisavailabletotheCitytoensurereasonable safetyofhistoricallysignificantbuildingsfromgeologichazardswhilefacilitatingthe maintenanceofthehistoricalintegrityofsuchbuildings. Objective-E14 Minimize the risk of injury, loss of life, and property damage associated withgeologichazards. Policies Tothemaximumextentpracticable,protectagainstinjury,lossoflife,and E14.1 majorpropertydamagethroughengineeringanalysesofpotentialseismic hazards,appropriateengineeringdesign,andthestringentenforcementofall applicableregulationsandstandards. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-54 GeologicHazardsMap PageE-55 Figure9-7 Blank ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 Prohibitthesubdivision,grading,ordevelopmentoflandssubjecttopotential E 14.2 geologichazardsintheabsenceofadequateevidencedemonstratingthatsuch development would not be adversely affected by such hazards and would not adverselyaffectsurroundingproperties. Require site-specific geotechnical investigations for proposalswithin areas subject E 14.3 topotentialgeologichazards;andensureimplementationofallmeasures deemednecessarybytheCityEngineerand/orBuildingOfficialtoavoidor adequatelymitigatesuchhazards. Promoteprogramstoidentifyun-reinforcedmasonrybuildingsandother E 14.4 buildings and structures that would be at risk during seismic events; and promote strengtheningofthesebuildingsandstructures,whereappropriate. Wherever feasible, land uses, buildings, and other structures determined to be E14.5 unsafe from geologic hazards shall be discontinued, removed, or relocated. 3.3.2IdentifyingandLimitingFloodHazards Duringsevererainseasons,low-lyingareasalongthefloodplainsoftheSweetwaterandOtay Rivers and several of their tributaries, including Telegraph Canyon Creek, Poggi Channel, Salt Creek, and Jamul (Dulzura) Creek, as well as certain drainage facilities, may experience flooding. Dams, levees, reservoirs and drainage channels have been constructed to control the drainage of muchofthewatershedfortheGeneralPlanarea,therebyreducingthepotentialforhazardous floodingofdevelopedareas.TheFederalEmergencyManagement Agency(FEMA)hasdelineated inundationareasfor100-and500-yearfloods.Areasdesignatedtobewithinthe100-yearflood zone are shown on Figure 9-8. Figure 9-8 also depicts areas subject to flood inundation in the event of failure of the Sweetwater, UpperOtay,orSavage(LowerOtay)Dams.Damstypicallyfailduetoovertoppingbyreservoir water during heavy rainfall episodes, structural damage, and earthquake-related hazards such as landsliding,groundshaking,andseiches,whicharewavesinanenclosedorsemi-enclosedbody of water, such as a lake or bay. Tsunamis,longwavelengthseismicseawavesgeneratedbysuddenmovementsoftheocean bottomduringsubmarineearthquakes,landslides,orvolcanicactivity,conceivablycouldhave adverseeffectsonthecoastalareasofChulaVista.However,becausetheCityisadjacenttoa relativelyprotectedpartoftheSanDiegoBay,thepotentialforsignificantwavedamageis consideredlow.Intheunlikelyeventofthedevelopmentofnoticeableseiches,itisconceivable thatlocalareasadjacenttotheOtayLakesandtheSanDiegoBaycouldbeimpactedbywave activity. City ofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 Floodingassociatedwithheavyrainfallepisodes,aswellasdamfailure,poseasignificant hazard to people and property. Although much less likely to occur, tsunamis and seiches also represent potential flood hazards in portions of Chula Vista in proximity to the San Diego Bay and the Otay Lakes. Furthermore, flooding can result in costly damage to private and public property and infrastructure and by damaging roadways and creating unsafe driving conditions, flooding impedes traffic and disrupts business operations. Objective-E15 Minimize the risk of injury and property damage associated with flood hazards. Policies E 15.1 Prohibitproposalstosubdivide,grade,ordeveloplandsthataresubjectto potential flood hazards, unless adequate evidence is provided that demonstrates thatsuchproposalswouldnotbeadverselyaffectedbypotentialfloodhazards andthatsuchproposalswouldnotadverselyaffectsurroundingproperties. Require site-specific hydrological investigations for proposals within areas subject topotential floodhazards;andimplementallmeasuresdeemednecessarybythe City Engineertoavoidoradequatelymitigatepotentialfloodhazards. E 15.2 Wherever feasible, land uses, buildings, and other structures determined to be unsafefromfloodhazardsshallbediscontinued,removed,orrelocated. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-58 FloodandDamInundationHazardsMap PageE-59 Figure9-8 Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 3.3.3Identifyingand Limiting WildlandFire Hazards Wildlandfireriskzonesareareasthathavesteepslopes,limited precipitation, and plenty of available fuel, or combustible plant material.WildlandfireriskzonesdesignatedbytheCalifornia DepartmentofForestryandFireProtectionin1999aredepicted onFigure9-9,portionsofwhichhavesubsequentlybeen convertedtourbandevelopment.Brushmanagementisrequired tobeundertakenintheCityinareaswhereurbandevelopment interfaceswithopenspace,inordertoreducefirefuelloadsand reducepotentialfirehazard.TheCityadoptedthe1997editionof theUrban-WildlandInterfaceCode(UWIC)asapartoftheChula Vista Municipal Code, which became effective in 1999, and subsequently adopted the 2000 edition of the UWIC in 2002. The City is currently reviewing the 2003 edition of the International Urban-Wildland Interface Code with the intent to incorporate amendments appropriate to local conditionsintotheUWIC.ThepurposeoftheUWICistolessentherisktolifeand structuresfromintrusionoffirefromwildlandfireexposuresandfireexposuresfromadjacent structures and to prevent structure fires from spreading to wildland fuels.The Chula Vista MSCP SubareaPlanalsoprovidesbrushmanagementguidelinesforreducingpotentialfirehazardsfor existing and new communities within the City.The MSCP Subarea Plan references provisions for emergencybrushmanagementactivitiesconductedatthediscretionoftheFireMarshal. SinceChulaVistareceiveslimitedprecipitation,thepotentialforwildland firesrepresentsa significanthazardwithinareasoftheCity.However,implementingappropriatetechniques, consistentwiththeChulaVistaMSCPSubareaPlanandtheCity'sUWIC,canreducesuch hazards. Objective-E16 Minimize the risk of injury and property damage associated with wildlandfirehazards. Policies Implement brush management programs that which are consistent with the E16.1 ChulaVistaMSCPSubareaPlanandtheCity'sUrban-WildlandInterfaceCode, withinurbandevelopmentandopenspaceinterfaceareasinordertoreduce potential wildland fire hazards. Brush management guidelines with in the MSCP SubareaPlanandtheUrban-WildlandInterfaceCodeshallincludelimitsand measurestopreventincreasedriskoferosion. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-60 WildlandFireHazardsMap Figure9-9 PageE-61 Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 3.4HazardousMaterialsandWaste Hazardousmaterialsareused,transported,produced,andstoredforavarietyofpurposesin Chula Vista.Associated with commercial, lightindustrial, public, and residential areas, hazardousmaterialshavethepotentialtoimpairpublichealthanddegradetheenvironment. Hazardous materials may exhibit toxic, corrosive, reactive, and/or flammable characteristics. The riskposedbyaparticularmaterialdependsonitschemicalcomposition,physicalstate,and concentration.Riskalsodependsonmanagementandhandlingtechniques,aswellasthe number of people exposed to the materials.Protecting the public from potential threat requires addressingtheseriskfactors. Regulations Federal,stateandcountyagenciescloselyregulatehazardousmaterialstoprotectpublichealth and the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, State of California Environmental Protection Agencyand the Hazardous Materials Management Division of the County of San Diego Department of Environmental Health regulate and issue permits for the use, storage,disposal,andtransportofhazardousmaterials.Conditionsofsuchpermitsrequire precautionarymeasurestominimizepotentialrisks. 3.4.1RemediationofContaminatedSites Asearchoffederal,stateandlocaldatabasesidentified numerousknownandpotentiallycontaminatedsites withinandimmediatelyadjacenttoChulaVista.The majorityofthesesitesarelocatedinolderindustrialand commercialareaswestofInterstate805andalongMain StreeteastofInterstate805.Knownandpotentially contaminatedsiteswithinChulaVistaareprimarily associatedwithunauthorizedreleasesofoiland hazardous substances (e.g., leaking underground storage tanks);formersolidandhazardouswastedisposaland transfer sites; use, storage, and transport of hazardous materials;andhazardouswastegeneration. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-62 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 Futureredevelopmentofcontaminatedsitescouldbeimpairedunlessadequateremediationof suchsitesoccurs.RedevelopmentproposalswillcontinuetobereviewedbytheCityto determine the presence and extent of contamination affecting redevelopment project sites. Remediation of contaminated sites will continue to be required of developers, as necessary, to protectpublichealthandsafety,inaccordancewiththerecommendationsofappropriate environmentalassessmentsandconsistentwithallapplicableregulationsandstandards. Objective-E17 Ensuretheadequateremediationofcontaminatedsitesas redevelopmentoccursinordertoprotectpublichealthandsafety. Policies Cleancontaminatedsitestoprotectivelimitstoensurethatplannedfutureusesof E17.1 suchsitesandpublichealthandsafetyarenotcompromised. Prior to the redevelopment of contaminated sites, ensure adequate remediation in E17.2 accordance with the recommendations of appropriate environmental assessments andconsistentwithallapplicableregulationsandstandards. 3.4.2 ManagingHouseholdHazardousWaste Householdhazardouswaste(HHW)generatedbyChulaVista residentscannotbedisposedofatthelocalandregionallandfills servingtheCityandis,therefore,handledseparatelyfromnon- hazardoussolidwaste.HHWincludes:usedmotoroil;latexandoil basedpaints;usedantifreeze;cleaningproducts;aerosolcontainers; dry cell and automotive batteries; pesticides and garden chemicals; andsolvents.ChulaVista'sHHWeffortsaredesignedtoprovidea meanstosafelycollect,recycle,treat,anddisposeofHHW.Chula Vista'scurrentHHWprogram,initiatedin1997,includesatemporary storagefacilitylocatedattheCity'sJohnLippittPublicWorksCenteron MaxwellRoad.Thisfacilitywasdesignedasaregionalfacilityto accommodate waste from the South Bay area, including areas outside theCitylimits.ThemajorityoftheHHWcollectedattheCity'sfacilityis reusedor recycled and is, thus, diverted fromlandfill disposal. HHW is sent to variouslocations throughouttheUnitedStatesfortreatmentand/orrecycling.InadditiontotheCity'sHHWfacility, PageE-63 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 theCityprovidesfreecurbsideusedmotoroilandoilfiltercollectionthroughitssolidwaste collection franchisee. Source reduction, a form of diversion, is promoted through public education on alternatives to toxic products. The City plans to expand its HHW program to include conditionally exempt, small-quantity generators, such as small group painters and very small- scalemobileautomobilemechanics. IntheabsenceofconvenientandaffordableHHWcollectionfacilitiesandsufficientpublic education,theextentofimproperHHWdisposalwouldlikelybegreat.Theadverseimpactsof improper HHW disposal to the environment and to public health and safety warrant significant efforts to facilitate proper disposal. Public education on alternatives to toxic products can yield a reductionofHHWsourcesand,inturn,areductioninHHWgeneration;therefore,suchefforts are also warranted. Objective-E18 Minimizetheuseoftoxicproductsbyresidentsandsmallbusinesses andfacilitatetheproperdisposalofhouseholdhazardouswaste. Policies Provideconvenientandaffordablehouseholdhazardouswastecollectionfacilities E18.1 and services for residents and small businesses, including City facilities, community collectionevents,andcurbsidecollection. Minimizetheuseoftoxicproductsbyresidentsandsmallbusinessesthroughpublic E18.2 educationonalternativeproductsandmethods. 3.4.3SitingHazardousWasteFacilities Products as diverse as gasoline; paint; solvents; film-processing chemicals; household cleaning products;refrigerants;andradioactivesubstancesarecategorizedashazardousmaterials.After use, or processing, hazardous materials that remain are considered hazardouswaste. Nearly all industryandbusinessesinChulaVistageneratesomeamountofhazardouswaste.Hazardous wasteisofconcerninlightofpotentialadversepublichealthandsafetyandenvironmental impacts that can result from the improper handling and disposal of such materials. Therefore, the appropriatesitingofhazardouswastestorage,collection,treatment,disposalandtransferfacilities CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-64 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 isimportant.Alsoimportantisthesitingofsuchfacilitiesinrelativelycloseproximityto generation sources in order to facilitate proper and efficient disposal of hazardous waste and to reducethetransportofhazardouswastewithintheCity. be established. Proposed hazardous waste facilities willbe considered only if they are withinthe industrialzonedgeneralareasshownonFigure9-10andmeetspecificsiting,design,and operatingcriteriaas,definedinPolicyE19.1below,asestablishedbytheChulaVistaZoning Code,andpursuanttositingcriteriaguidelinesestablishedbytheCity. Objective-E19 Maintaintheabilitytoestablishhazardouswastestorage,collection, treatment,disposal,andtransferfacilitiestoservetheneedsofChula VistaindustryandbusinesseswithinappropriatelocationsoftheCity, whileensuringadequateprotectionofthecommunity. Policies Proposals for hazardous waste storage, collection, treatment, disposal, and transfer facilities E19.1 shall be accepted for review, only if located on industrial-zoned land within a designated generalarea,asshownonFigure9-10.Theproposalshallbereviewed, baseduponthe followingcriteria: Theapplicationshallincluderiskassessments,environmentalreviews,andother reports necessary to determine project impacts on the environment. Ahealthriskassessment,asdescribedintheChulaVistaZoningCode, shallbe preparedunderthedirectionoftheCity,theLocalAssessmentCommittee (LAC) and any Ad Hoc Technical Committees that may be created to advise the City and the LAC on such matters. All facilities shall be a minimum of 1,000 feet from any residential zone; residence;school;hospital;hotel;motel;orothersimilarlanduse. Setback or buffer areas shall be precluded from future residential uses through propertyrestrictions,suchaseasementsorcovenants,and,where appropriate, through zoning. PageE-65 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan GeneralAreasMap LEGEND General Plan Boundary City Boundary GeneralArea NORTH N.T.S. Figure9-10 PageE-66 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 Specialdesignfeaturesand/oron-siteemergencyservicesmayberequiredwhere deemednecessarytofacilitatetheadequatehandlingofhazardousmaterials accidents. Atraffic/transportationstudyshallbepreparedaspartoftheenvironmental analysisandhealthriskassessment.Thestudyshalladdresstheproximityofthe proposedfacilityto areasofwastegeneration;thedistancealongminorand majorroutesfromareasofwastegenerationtotheproposedfacility,andfrom theproposedfacilitytothefreeway;thenumberandtypesofresidences,schools, hospitals and shopping centers fronting the affected minor and major routes; and thehighwayaccidentrate,asdeterminedbytheCaliforniaDepartmentof Transportation, along highways identified as part of the transportation route. Establish hazardous waste facility siting criteria guidelines that will ensure adequate E 19.2 protectionofthecommunity,tobeutilizedintheevaluationofhazardouswaste FacilitiesproposedwithinthegeneralareasestablishedbytheCity. 3.4.4SitingandManagingFacilitiesThatUse,Store,andHandle Hazardous Materials and Waste Theuse,storage,andhandlingofhazardousmaterialsand waste within Chula Vista are rigorously controlled by federal, state,andlocalregulations.TheCityusesavarietyoftools toregulatefacilitiesthatuse,store,andhandlehazardous materialsandwasteinordertoensurecompatibilitywith existingandplannedsurroundinglanduses.Theprimary toolsutilizedbytheCityarezoningregulations, environmentalreviewofproposeddevelopmentsin accordancewiththeCaliforniaEnvironmentalQualityAct, and the issuance of business licenses. AsdevelopmentandredevelopmentinChulaVistacontinues,thepotentialexistsforfacilitiesthat use,store,andhandlehazardousmaterialsandwastetobesitedinlocationswheresuch activitiesmaybeincompatiblewithexistingandplannedsurroundinglanduses.Throughtheuse of appropriate tools, the City will ensure that facilities using, storing, and handling hazardous materials and waste will be appropriately sited and that the operation of such facilities will be regulatedsuchthatsignificantadverseeffectstosurroundinglanduseswillbeavoided. PageE-67 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 Objective-E20 Ensurethatfacilitiesusing,storing,andhandlinghazardousmaterials andwastedonotresultinsignificantadverseeffectstoexistingand planned surrounding land uses. Policies Onaperiodicbasis,reviewandmodify,wherenecessary,theCity'szoningregulations E20.1 toensurethatadequateprovisionsareinplacetoavoidadverseeffectsto surrounding land uses from facilities using, storing, and handling hazardous materials and waste. Through the environmental review of proposed developments, in accordance with the E20.2 CaliforniaEnvironmentalQualityAct,theCityshallensurethatsignificantand potentially significant adverse effects from facilities using, storing, and handling hazardousmaterialsandwastetoexistingandplannedsurroundinglanduseswill be avoided. Priortotheissuanceorrenewalofbusinesslicensesforbusinessesinvolving E20.3 hazardousmaterialsand/orgeneratinghazardouswaste,theCityshallcontinueto requirelicenseestoprepareandsubmitanacceptableBusinessPlanandRisk Management Prevention Program to the County Departmentof Environmental Health, asapplicable,andtoobtainallothernecessarylicensesandpermits. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-68 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 3.5Noise 3.5.1ProtectingPeoplefromExcessiveNoise NoiseConditionsinChulaVista UrbanizationinChulaVistahasresultedinasteadyincreasein noise levels throughout the area. Many sources contribute to the To establish the noiselevelsexperiencedwithinChulaVista,including:vehicular compatibility of traffic;activecommercialandbusinesscenters;airconditioning various land uses systems;andtheoperationoflandscapeequipment.InChula with exterior noise Vista,themostprevalentnoisesourceisvehiculartraffic.Traffic levels, the City uses noiseisgreatestaroundfreeways.Othernoisesourcesinclude Community Noise theSanDiegoTrolley,operatedduringdaytimeandevening hours,andfreightserviceintermittentlyoperatedonthesame Equivalent Level, or raillinesatnightwhenthetrolleyisnotinservice.Coors CNEL,initsplanning Amphitheaterandindustrialoperations,suchastheOtay guidelines. Landfill,theSouthBayPowerPlantandtheChulaVista Generating Station, also generate noise. Finally, activities associatedwithvariouscommercialactivitiesandoperationsgeneratenoisethroughouttheCity. Noise levels can be estimated and represented as noise contour lines, which indicate the area subjecttoaparticularnoiselevel.Figures9-11and9-12 showtheestimatedexistingandprojectedfuturenoise contoursinChulaVista,basedonrecenttrafficvolume countsandprojected2030trafficvolumes.Ingeneral, noiselevelsareprojectedtoincrease,duetothe construction of new roads and increasing trafficvolumes throughouttheCityandtheregion.Figure9-13shows Brown Field year 2000 aircraft-produced noise contours, ascontainedintheadopted1981BrownField ComprehensiveLandUsePlan(CLUP).Althoughthe BrownFieldAirportInfluenceAreaextendsintothe GeneralPlanareaandintotheCity,theexistingand plannedlanduseswithinthisareaarecompatiblewiththelandusenoisecompatibility guidelinescontainedinTable9-1andwiththeadoptedBrownFieldCLUP. PageE-69 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 NoisePlanningandStandards Landusesthatgeneratesignificantnoiseshouldbeseparatedfromusesthatareparticularly sensitivetonoise.Noisesensitivelandusesconsistprimarilyofresidences,butalsoinclude schools; hospitals; libraries; parks; and places of worship.To establish the compatibility of various landuseswithexteriornoiselevels,theCityusesCommunityNoiseEquivalentLevel,orCNEL,in itsplanningguidelines.CNELtakesintoaccounttheheightenedsensitivityofpersonstonoise duringeveningandnighttimeperiods. Table9-1 TABLE9-2 EXTERIORLAND USE/NOISE COMPATIBILITY GUIDELINES ExteriorLandUse-NoiseCompatibilityGuidelines AnnualCNEL in Decibels LandUse505560657075 Residential Schools, Libraries, Daycare Facilities, Convalescent Homes, OutdoorUseAreas,andOtherSimilarUsesConsideredNoise Sensitive NeighborhoodParks,Playgrounds CommunityParks,AthleticFields OfficesandProfessional PlacesofWorship(excludingoutdooruseareas) GolfCourses RetailandWholesaleCommercial,Restaurants,MovieTheaters Industrial,Manufacturing Table9-2illustratesChulaVista'sexteriorlanduse-noisecompatibilityguidelines.These guidelinesreflectthelevelsofnoiseexposurethataregenerallyconsideredtobecompatiblewith varioustypesoflanduses.Theseguidelinesaretobeusedatthelanduseplanningstage,for noiseimpactassessments,andtodeterminemitigationrequirementsfordevelopmentproposals. The noise control ordinance of the Chula Vista Municipal Code establishes noise level limits for individualgenerators.Noiselevellimitsvary,baseduponthetypeofreceivinglanduse(s)and timeofday.Inadditiontoregulatingnoisegenerators,thenoisecontrolordinancelimitsare usedinnoiseimpactassessmentstodeterminemitigationrequirementsforproposedgenerators ofnoisetoensurethattheywillnotadverselyimpactsurroundinglanduses.Conversely,the CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-70 ExistingNoiseContourMap Figure9-11 PageE-71 BLANK Projected2030NoiseContourMap Figure9-12 BLANK BrownFieldYear2000NoiseContourMap ProjectedAircraft-ProducedCommunityNoiseEquivalentLevel (CNEL)Contours MapSource:SanDiegoAssociationofGovernments,ComprehensiveLandUsePlan,BrownField,SanDiego,CA1981 PageE-75 Figure9-13 Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 guidelines listed in Table 9-2 reflect the total noise exposure, including vehicular traffic noise levelsthatarenotregulatedbythenoisecontrolordinance,thatiscompatiblewithaparticular landuse.Becausethenoisecontrolordinanceservesapurposethatisdistinctfromthe guidelines within in Table 9-2, the noise control ordinance and the guidelines in Table 9-2 neither conflictwithnorcontradictoneanother. Varioustypesoflandusescanbeadverselyaffectedbyexcessivenoise.Thelevelofnoise exposure that is generally considered compatible varies by land use type, as illustrated in Table 9- 2. However, the character (e.g., urban versus suburban) of the area where a particular land use is proposedtobelocatedand/orthenatureofthenoisethataparticularlandusewouldbe exposed to can affect this relationship. Therefore, the guidelines listed in Table 9-2 are intended to beconsideredandappliedinlightofproject-specificconsiderations. Objective-E21 Protectpeoplefromexcessivenoisethroughcarefullanduseplanning andtheincorporationofappropriatemitigationtechniques. Policies Applytheexteriorlanduse-noisecompatibilityguidelineslistedinTable9-2 E21.1 ofthisEnvironmentalElementtonewdevelopment,whereapplicable,andinlight ofproject-specificconsiderations. Where applicable, t he assessment and mitigation of interior noise levels shall E21.2 adhere to the applicable requirements of the California Building Code with local amendmentsandotherapplicableestablishedCitystandards. Promotetheuseofavailabletechnologiesinbuildingconstructiontoimprove E21.3 noiseattenuationcapacities. ContinuetoimplementandenforcetheCity'snoisecontrolordinance. E21.4 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-76 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 3.5.2MinimizingTransportationNoise Vehiculartrafficnoiseassociatedwithagivenroadwayisafactorof trafficvolume,thetypesofvehiclesutilizingtheroadway,andthe speedsatwhichtheytravel.Astrafficvolumesincreaseordecrease, noiseincreasesordecreases.Heavyvehiclesandtrucksproduce significantlymorenoisethanautomobiles.Noiseproducedona roadway is directly proportional to traffic speed.Therefore, lower traffic speedsandtrafficcalmingdevices(e.g.,narrowroadways,on-street parkingincommercialandmixedusedistricts)resultina commensuratedecreaseinnoiselevels. The electric-powered San Diego Trolley presently extends through Chula Vista parallel to Interstate 5. With the exception of warning horns and audible crossing gates, electric-powered trolleys are relatively quiet.While the intermittent nature of trolley operations does not significantly increase daily average noiseexposure,limitingat-gradecrossingsofroadswould decreasenoiselevelsbyreducingthenumberofrequired audible crossing gates and warning signals. Minimizingtrafficnoisecanresultfromreductionsintrafficvolume,decreasesinthenumberof trucksandheavyvehiclesonaroadway,anddecreasingtrafficspeeds.Othermethodsof reducingandmitigatingtrafficnoiselevelsareassociatedwithchangesinroadwaymaterialand the construction of barriers between roadways and adjacent land uses.Dense or open graded asphalt road surfaces produce less source noise than does Portland concrete cement.The greatestnoisereductionattributabletoroadwaysurfacehasbeenachievedthroughtheuseof rubberizedasphalt.Barriersreducenoiseexposurebyinterruptingthelineofsightfromthenoise source to the receiver.The effectiveness of a barrier is dependent upon the height of the barrier, thequalityofconstruction,andthebarriermaterialmassandacousticalproperties. Objective-E22 Protectthecommunityfromtheeffectsoftransportationnoise. PageE-77 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan Chula Vista ENVIRONMENTAL Vision CHAPTER9 2020 Policies Worktostabilizetrafficvolumesinresidentialneighborhoodsbylimitingthroughways E22.1 andbyfacilitatingtheuseofalternativeroutesaround,ratherthanthrough, Neighborhoods. Explorethefeasibilityofusingnewtechnologiestominimizetrafficnoise,suchasuse E22.2 ofrubberizedasphaltinroadsurfacematerials. Employtrafficcalmingmeasures,whereappropriate,suchasnarrowroadwaysand E22.3 on-streetparking,incommercialandmixedusedistricts. E22.4 Encouragewalking;biking;carpooling;useofpublictransit;andotheralternative modes of transportation to minimize vehicular use and associated traffic noise. Require projects to construct appropriate mitigation measures in order to attenuate E22.5 existing and projected traffic noise levels, in accordance with applicable standards, including the exterior land use/noise compatibility guidelines listed in Table 9-2 of this EnvironmentalElement. 3.6EnvironmentalJustice Environmental justice is introduced, defined and discussed in Section 1.6 of this Environmental Element.Pleaserefertothatsection,andotherrelatedsectionsofthisdocumentforadditional background ThefollowingobjectiveandpoliciesaugmentotherpartsofthisGeneralPlanthathelptofurther, atthelocallevelsomeofthecomceptsandprinciplesthathaveemergedregardingthistopicat atthenational,state,andregionallevels. CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan PageE-78 ENVIRONMENTAL CHAPTER9 Objective-E23 Provide fair treatment for people of all races, cultures, and income levels with respect to development, adoption, implementation, and enforcement ofenvironmentallaws,regulationsandpolicies. Policies E 23.1 Provide public outreach efforts and public involvement opportunities for residents affectedbyproposedCityprojects. E23.2 Planfortheequitabledistributionofpublicfacilitiesandservices. E 23.3 Donotsiteindustrialfacilitiesandusesthatposeasignificanthazardtohuman healthandsafetyinproximitytoschoolsorresidentialdwellings. E 23.4 Buildnewschoolsandresidentialdwellingswithsufficientseparationand bufferingfromindustrialfacilitiesandusesthatposeasignificanthazardto human health and safety. E 23.5 Promote more livable communities by expanding opportunities for transit-oriented development. PageE-79 CityofChulaVistaGeneralPlan TableofContents 1.0INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................4 1.1.Relationship to Other Documents................................................................................................4 1.1.1.................................................................................................4 1.1.2.......................................................5 1.1.3................................................................................5 1.1.4.-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan...........................................................5 1.1.5.Climate Action Plan...............................................................................................................6 1.1.6.Sustainable Communities Strategy.......................................................................................6 2.0NATURAL & MAN-MADE HAZARDS ANALYSIS..................................................................................8 2.1.Existing Conditions........................................................................................................................8 2.1.1.Planning Area........................................................................................................................8 2.2.Geologic Hazards...........................................................................................................................8 2.2.1.Seismic Hazards...................................................................................................................11 2.2.2.Landslides............................................................................................................................18 2.2.3.Subsidence..........................................................................................................................19 2.2.4.Expansive Soils....................................................................................................................19 2.2.5.Tsunamisand Seiches.........................................................................................................21 2.3.Fire Hazards.................................................................................................................................24 2.3.1.Wildland Fires.....................................................................................................................24 2.3.2.Fire Hazard Severity Zones..................................................................................................24 2.4.Flooding.......................................................................................................................................27 2.4.1.Major Sources of Flooding..................................................................................................27 2.4.2.Dam Inundation..................................................................................................................30 2.4.3.Drainage System.................................................................................................................32 2.5.Climate Change and Resilience...................................................................................................34 2.5.1.Climate Change...................................................................................................................34 2.5.2.Extreme Heat......................................................................................................................34 2.5.3.Sea Level Rise......................................................................................................................35 2.5.4.Resilience............................................................................................................................37 2.5.5.Vulnerability Assessment Summary....................................................................................37 2.5.6.Critical Facilities..................................................................................................................37 2.6.Drought.......................................................................................................................................43 2.6.1.Drought Severity.................................................................................................................44 2.6.2.California Drought History..................................................................................................46 2.6.3.Water Supply.......................................................................................................................47 2.7.Hazardous Materials...................................................................................................................49 2.7.1.Hazardous Materials Incidents............................................................................................50 2.7.2.Transportation of Hazardous Materials..............................................................................50 2.7.3.Hazardous Materials Sites...................................................................................................50 2.7.4.Household Hazardous Waste Program...............................................................................55 2.8.Emergency Planning/Response...................................................................................................55 2.8.1.Emergency Operations Plan................................................................................................55 City of Chula Vista1 2.8.2.Emergency Preparedness Program.....................................................................................56 2.8.3.Public Safety Services..........................................................................................................57 2.8.4.Evacuation Routes...............................................................................................................58 3.0GOALS, POLICIES, AND ACTIONS.....................................................................................................63 ListofTables Table 1: Geology...........................................................................................................................................9 Table 2: Local Climate Change Snapshot....................................................................................................34 Table 3: California Coastal Commission Sea Level Rise (SLR) Projections..................................................35 Table 4: Critical Facilities List......................................................................................................................38 Table 5: Drought Severity Classification.....................................................................................................44 Table 6: Historical Droughts........................................................................................................................46 Table 7: Hazardous Materials Sites.............................................................................................................51 ListofFigures Figure 1: Geology........................................................................................................................................10 Figure 2: Regional Fault Locations..............................................................................................................14 Figure 3: Local Fault Locations....................................................................................................................15 Figure 4: Shake Potential Map....................................................................................................................16 Figure 5: Liquefaction Zones.......................................................................................................................17 Figure 6: Landslide Areas............................................................................................................................20 Figure 7: Soils..............................................................................................................................................22 Figure 8: Tsunami Map...............................................................................................................................23 Figure 9: Fire Hazard Severity Zone............................................................................................................26 Figure 10: FEMA Flood Zones......................................................................................................................29 Figure 11: Reservoir Inundation..................................................................................................................31 Figure 12: Watersheds................................................................................................................................33 Figure 13: Sea Level Rise.............................................................................................................................36 Figure 14: Critical Facilities Map A..............................................................................................................41 Figure 15: Critical Facilities Map B..............................................................................................................42 Figure 16: California Drought Map.............................................................................................................45 Figure 17: California American Water Service Area Map...........................................................................48 Figure 18: Hazardous Materials Sites..........................................................................................................54 Figure 19: Evacuation Routes Map.............................................................................................................60 Figure 20: Evacuation Route Vulnerable Neighborhoods...........................................................................62 City of Chula Vista2 City of Chula Vista3 A community's safety and well-being can be influenced by many natural and man-made hazards. The Safety Element is a mandatory chapter of a jurisdiction's General Plan, as required by California Government Code Section 65302, and addresses the need to protect citizens from risks associated with natural and man-made hazards. Natural hazards constitute natural phenomena and include naturally occurring events like geologic and seismic activity, wildfire, flooding, and drought. Conversely, man-made hazards are hazardous events that are caused by human activity. Man-made hazards may include hazardous materials spills, terrorism, sabotage, crime, and human-caused health crises or fires. These hazards have the potential to cause serious impacts on the City of ChulaVista and its residents. The Safety Element contains goals, policies, and actions to reduce the potential short-and long-term risk of death, injuries, property damage, economic damage, and social dislocation associated with hazards. The City's response to these issues will determine its success in maintaining and attracting residents and businesses. Chula Vistawill address safety issues comprehensively to ensure an enjoyable, safe, and healthy environment for Chula Vista's residents, workforce, and visitors. 1.1.Relationship to Other Documents The Safety Element works jointly with other General Plan elements and planning documents and is implemented by several City departments through goals, policies, and implementation methods. The Safety Element relates to nearly every General Plan element but most closely relates to the Land 1 Use, Transportation, Environmental,andHousing Elementsof the General Plan.Additionally, the Safety Element relates to other planning documents, including the Chula VistaEmergency Operations Plan (EOP), Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan(MJHMP),andClimate Action Plan.These plans are integrated in the Safety Element. The Land Use and Transportation Elementprovidesa central framework for the General Plan and serves as a compass to guide the public, planners, decision-makers, and City staff on the desired pattern of development in Chula Vista. Development is closely linked to safety as it provides an opportunity to design and guide the growth of the City with hazards and safety in mind. 1.1.1. The Land Use and Transportation Elementestablishes theland use designations, intensity of development, and nature of development. The element reflects anticipated levels of development including critical facilities such as schools,city services,utilities,police and fire protection services,and so on. It is necessary to make sure,as much as possible,that these developments are inareas that are not in hazard zones or that the hazards are mitigated to ensurethe safety of the structures and users. TheLand Use and TransportationElement also evaluatesthe road system necessary to serve that development, as well asalternative formsof transportation available to move people and goods and to provide facilities that complement and enhance the nature of the surrounding neighborhood.Designation 1 Environmental Element Covers the requirements of Conservation Element per Office of Planning and Research Guidelines. City of Chula Vista4 of and access to evacuation routes based on the Land Use and Transportation Element is studied as a part ofthe Safety Element. The Housing Element-year strategy for the enhancement and preservation of the community; segments;and provides the official policy guidance for local decision-making related to housing.Similar to the LandUse and Transportation Element, the Housing Element isrelated to the Safety Element for the evaluation and mitigation of proposed development in any hazard zones. California Government Code Section 65302requiresthe Safety Element to be updated every time a Housing Element is updated. The Environmental Element sets policies and describes the natural resources of within the City including land, water, and ecosystem services. Essentially, it focuses on sustainable land use, resource management, and environmental protection. These are directly related to climate resiliency policies of the Safety Element. 1.1.2.CountyOperational Area Emergency Operations Plan The San Diego County Operational Area (OA) was formed in the 1960's to assist all of the cities and the County in developing emergency plans, exercising those plans, developing MutualAid capabilities between jurisdictions and, in general, establishing relationships that would improve communications between jurisdictions and agencies. The OA consists of the County and all jurisdictions within the county. The SanDiego County Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan (OA EOP)is for use by the County and all of the cities within the county to respond to major emergencies and disasters. It describes the roles and responsibilities of all county departments (including many city departments), and the relationship between the County and its departments and the jurisdictions within the county. The Cities are encouraged to adopt the OA EOP as their own, with modifications as appropriate for their city. The Plan is subject to update every four years by the Office of Emergency Services and the Unified Disaster Council of the Unified San Diego County Emergency Services Organization. 1.1.3.CityVista Emergency Operations Plan Operations Plan (EOP) was updated in July 2021 andaddresses Emergency Preparedness (those activities supporting enduring operational readiness) and Emergency Response (those immediate and ongoing actions that lead the jurisdiction through an identified crisis or disaster event).The goal of this plan is to provide for a coordinated effective response to ensure the protection of life, property, resources, and the environment. The City of Chula Vista EOP is based on the County of San Diego Operational Area Emergency Operations Plan (OA EOP). It is designedto meet the needs of the City with respect to organizational structure and identified hazards. It is fully integrated into the Safety Element and may be found at this location: /https://pub-chulavista.escribemeetings.com/filestream.ashx?DocumentId=35655. 1.1.4.-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan The City of Chula Vista is a jurisdictional partner in San Diego CounMulti-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan(MJHMP). TheMJHMP identifies ways to minimize damage from natural and human- City of Chula Vista5 caused disasters. The plan is a resource for hazard management, stateand federal program requirements, local hazard mitigation capability, and inter-jurisdictional coordination. MJHMPwas revised in 2023 to include recent hazards and mitigation measures. San Diego County received an achievement award from the National Association of Counties for the original MJHMP drafted in 2004. The2023MJHMP was crafted in accordance with the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 and followed the Federal Emergency Management Agen.The MJHMP incorporates a process where hazards are identified and profiled, the people and facilities at risk are analyzed, and mitigation actions are developed to reduce or eliminate hazard risk.The implementation of these mitigation actions, which include both short-and long-term strategies, involves planning, policy changes, programs, projects, and other activities.The MJHMP is fully integrated into the Safety Element and may be found at this location: https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/oes/emergency_management/oes_jl_mitplan.html 1.1.5.Climate Action Plan Since 2000, Chula Vista has change impacts to the local community.Greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions represent a unique hazard because until the Cityreaches its net-zero goal community-wide actions will contribute to an increase in the hazards they cause and will only be reduced by global GHGemissions reductions. The most recent plan is the 2017 Climate Action Plan (CAP). It includes ambitious new goals and policies to strengthen the -benefits such as utility savings, better air quality, reduced traffic congestion, local economic development, and improved quality of life. It brings together past City of Chula Vista climate plan efforts including the original Carbon Dioxide Reduction Plan (2000), the mitigation plan (2008),and the adaptation plan (2011), and an updated plan is expected to be released in 2024.The City regularly conducts greenhouse gas emission inventories to help guidethe execution of the CAPas well as to monitor and evaluate the progress.The CAP is fully integrated into the Safety Element and may be found at this location: https://www.chulavistaca.gov/home/showdocument?id=15586. 1.1.6.Sustainable Communities Strategy The Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS) was adopted in 2021 as a part ofthe San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG)2021 Regional Plan and isdesigned to help create more sustainable and livable 2 communities within the San Diego region.The SCS in San Diego, like in other regions of California, is largely driven by therequirements of Senate Bill (SB) 375, which was passed in 2008. SB 375 mandates that regions in California develop strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector by integrating transportation, land use, housing, and environmental planning in order to improve air quality and enhance the overall quality of life for residents. Local jurisdictions, including Chula Vista, have agreed to certify that their general plans are consistent with the SCS. 2 San Diego Association of Governments, 2021 Regional Plan, https://www.sandag.org/- /media/SANDAG/Documents/PDF/regional-plan/2021-regional-plan/final-2021-regional-plan/final-2021-regional- plan-flipbook.pdf. City of Chula Vista6 City of Chula Vista7 2.1.Existing Conditions An analysis of existing conditions is one of the primary steps in the process of updating the City of Chula Safety Element. An outline of information on existing conditions in the City and surrounding areas, as well as an analysis of factors that will impact the City's physical development, will inform the goals, policies, and actions of the Safety Element. The existing conditions analysis for each identified hazard includes identifying the location and extent of hazard areas that currently exist and have historically occurred as well as identifying the capabilities of the City to mitigate or respond to each hazard. The goals, policies, and implementation plan laid out in this Safety Element are guided by the existing conditions related to each hazard and safety risk. The focus of the identified existing conditions is on mappable resources, trends, and concerns that will frame choices for the long-term physical development of the City. 2.1.1.Planning Area The Safety Element relates to the entire City of Chula Vista, which is in San Diego County. San Diego County is located in southwestern California, bordering the Pacific Ocean and Mexico. The City is located in the southwestern portion of San Diego County along the San Diego Bay. The City is bordered by National City in the northwest, the City of San Diego farther northwest, and unincorporated San Diego County in the north and east. To the south of the City is the City of San Diego, followed by the US-Mexico Border. Because certain disaster events, geologic features, and potential hazards relate to each other and transcend the City's boundaries, this Safety Element takes into account hazards that occur or originate in other jurisdictions when the potential impact of those hazards might impact the City. There are no military installations in Chula Vista and hencetheimpacts of hazards on military installations are not discussed in this document. 2.2.Geologic Hazards San DiegoCounty has a geologically diverse composition of alluvial fans, mountains, rivers, and streams, and islocated along the San Diego Bay and Tijuana River Basin. Much of the City is characterized by sedimentary andvolcanic rock. To the west is the San Diego Bay where the coastline includes habitats such as a salt marsh,mudflats,and saltflats. To the east is a lake and open space reserve. Major geological features of San Diego County include the SanDiego Bayand Pacific Ocean to the west, the Tijuana River to the south, andthe Anza Borrego Desert to the east. An understanding of the geology and soil composition of a site is essential for new construction and redevelopment of land as it can impact the safety of the structures. Geologic hazards include seismic hazards, landslides, subsidence, and expansive soils. Seismic hazards can lead to fault rupture, ground shaking, and liquefaction.Seismicactivitycan also be a cause of landslides, subsidence, tsunamis, and seiches. Table 1and Figure 1show the geologic makeup of Chula Vista. Large portions of the City on the east of Interstate 805 are composedof marine sedimentary rockswith high shale content and can be prone to City of Chula Vista8 landslides when they become saturated with water, leading to reduced cohesion. The presence of weak or poorly cemented sedimentary layers can contribute to landslide susceptibility.The soils in Chula Vista vary, with sandy soils near the coast and more clay-rich soils inland. Table 1: Geology RockGeneralAgeDescription Types Lithology PMarine Sedimentary RocksPlioceneSandstone, siltstone, shale, and conglomerate; mostly moderately consolidated. QoaMarine and Nonmarine PleistoceneOlder alluvium, lake, playa, and terrace deposits. (Continental) Sedimentary Rocks QMarine and Nonmarine Pleistocene-Alluvium, lake, playa, and terrace deposits; unconsolidated and (Continental) Sedimentary Holocenesemi-consolidated. Mostly nonmarine butincludes marine deposits Rocksnear the coast. McNonmarine (Continental) MioceneSandstone, shale, conglomerate, and fanglomerate; moderately to Sedimentary Rockswell consolidated. MzvMetavolcanic RocksMesozoicUndivided Mesozoic volcanic and metavolcanic rocks. Andesite and rhyolite flow rocks, greenstone, volcanic breccia,and other pyroclastic rocks; in part strongly metamorphosed. Includes volcanic rocks of Franciscan Complex: basaltic pillow lava, diabase, greenstone, and minor pyroclastic rocks. EcNonmarine (Continental) EoceneSandstone, shale, conglomerate; moderately to well consolidated. Sedimentary Rocks Source: California Geological Survey, https://maps.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/gmc/App/. City of Chula Vista9 Figure 1: Geology City of Chula Vista10 2.2.1.Seismic Hazards 2.2.1.1.Fault Rupture Earthquake severity is typically categorized according to magnitude (a measure of the amount of energy released when a fault ruptures) and seismic intensity (a qualitative estimate of the damage caused by an earthquake at a given location). Because the amount of destruction generally decreases with distance from the epicenter (the point at the earth's surface directly above where the earthquake originated), earthquakes are assigned several intensities. The most commonly used seismic intensity scale is the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale, which has 12 levels of damage. The higher the number, the greater the damage. The largest earthquake that canoccur on a fault or fault segment is called the maximum credible (MCE) or characteristic earthquake. Depending on the planned use, lifetime, or importance of a facility, a maximum probable earthquake (MPE) is the earthquake most likely to occur in a specified period (such as 30 to 500 years). In general, the longer the period between earthquakes on a specific fault segment (recurrence interval), the larger the earthquake. The State of California, under the guidelines of the Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Act of 1972,regulates the development of structuresnear active faults. The California Department of Conservationclassifies faults according to the following criteria: Holocene-Active Fault: A fault that has had surface displacement within Holocene time (the last 11,700 years); Pre-Holocene Fault: A fault whose recency of past movement isolder than 11,700 years and thus does not meet the criteria of Holocene-active fault as defined in the State Mining and Geology Board regulations. An earthquake or rupture along one of the many faults in the vicinity of the Citycould result in casualties and extensive property damage. The impacts of such a quake may also result from aftershocks and secondary effects such as fires, landslides, dam failure, liquefaction, and other threats to public health and safety. California is a seismically active area with numerous faults throughout the region(see Figure 2).The Cityis situated on the Pacific Ring of Fire, which is a region of intense tectonic activity that circles the Pacific Ocean. Hence, Chula Vista is at risk for earthquakes and other geologic hazards.However,there are noState- designated Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones perGeological Survey within the Citywhere surface fault rupture previously has occurred, or where local topographic, geological, and geotechnical conditions indicate a potential for permanent ground displacements such that mitigation by avoidance as stated in Public Resources Code Section 2621.5 would be required.The closestmajor fault systemin the region is the Rose Canyon fault, approximately14miles northwest,and the Elsinore Fault on the east. Local faults also include the Sweetwater Fault and La Nacion Fault to the south of the Cityas shown in Figure 3. Rose CanyonFault:The Rose Canyon Fault is an extension of the Los Angeles Newport-Inglewood Faultand is a right-lateral, strike-slip fault. The last major earthquake along the Rose Canyon Fault occurred in 1862 with a magnitude of 6. The earthquake caused minordamage toOld Town San Diegoand resulted in a tsunami in San Diego Bay. Elsinore Fault:The Elsinore Fault extends for approximately 180 kilometersthrough Southern California. However, despite its size, it is one of the quietest faults in the region and is called a sleeping giant. It is known to be seismically active, and it has the potential to generate significant earthquakes. While it may not be as City of Chula Vista11 well-known as other fault systems in California, it remains a source of concern for earthquake hazards in the region.It is a strike-slip fault, which means that it primarily exhibits horizontal movement along the fault plane. La NacionFault:The La Nacion Fault is situated to the east of San Diego Bay, within the broader Southern California region.It runs through theTijuana River Valleyto the south of the Cityand is made up of north- south oriented faults that dip to the west, appearing like a network of connected lines. These faults have moved the rocks of the Pliocene San Diego Formation by more than 60 meters over time. There has been no recent movement on these faults. Sweetwater Fault: The Sweetwater Fault issituated in the southern part of San Diego County, near Chula Vista and the Sweetwater Reservoir. It is part of the broader fault system in Southern California. The Sweetwater Fault is known to be a strike-slip fault. The Sweetwater Fault is considered one of the significant seismic hazards in the regionand it has the potential to produce earthquakes that could impact local communities, including Chula Vista. 2.2.1.2.Ground Shaking Ground shaking is characterized by the physical movement of the land surface during earthquakes. This shaking can cause significant damage to buildings and impact the underlying soils. Strong ground shaking as a result of earthquakes can cause soils to compact, resulting in local or regional subsidence of the ground surface. During strong ground shaking, soils become more tightly packed due to the collapse of pore spaces, resulting in a reduction in the thickness of the soil column. This type of ground failure typically occurs in loose granular, cohesionless soils and can occur in eitherwet or dry conditions. Unconsolidated young alluvial deposits are especially susceptible to this hazard. Damage to structures can occur as a result of subsidence. Portions of the City may be susceptible to seismically induced settlement. The City of Chula Vistais not listed within a State-designated Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zone.The closest fault in the region is the Rose Canyon fault, approximately 14 miles northwest. San DiegoCounty has a geologically diverse composition of alluvial fans, which may be susceptible to ground shaking. ShakePotential Figure 4shows the shake potential in the City. It shows the relative intensity of ground shaking from anticipated future earthquakes. Percentage of gravity (% g) is a method for expressing acceleration, measured relative to gravity (g). Shaking potential at 150%of gravitywould be 1.50 g's, perceived as severe ground shaking with moderate to heavy potential of damage on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale. Based on the shake potential map, the strongest ground shaking that could occur in the City would be 1.35 to 1.75 ake potential in the most western areas of the City. For comparison purposes, the peak ground acceleration in a single direction measured during the 1994 Northridge earthquake was 1.82 g, moment magnitude 6.7this was the highest ever instrumentally 3 recorded in urban North America. 3 The Northridge Earthquake of 1994: Ground motions and Geo Technical Proceedings, 1995, Volume III, https://web.archive.org/web/20130506100941/http://www.coe.neu.edu/Depts/CIV/faculty/myegian/library/Thenorthridge%20Earthquake%2 0of%201994%20Ground%20Motions%20and%20Geotechnical%20Aspects.pdf. City of Chula Vista12 These shake potential maps show the projected maximum capacity for ground shaking in the specific geography, based on conditions such as topography, soil types, groundwater location, etc. Areas around floodplains or shallow groundwater can experience more significant ground shaking, along with steep hillsides. 2.2.1.3.Liquefaction Seismic ground shaking of relatively loose, granular soils that are saturated or submerged can cause the soils to liquefy and temporarily behave as a dense fluid. Liquefaction is caused by a sudden temporary increase in pore water pressure due to seismic densification or other displacements of submerged granular soils. Liquefaction more often occurs in earthquake-prone areas underlain by young (i.e., Holoceneage) alluvium where the groundwater table is higher than 50 feet below the ground surface. Southern California. While no known Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones or active faults (i.e., faults that exhibit evidence of ground displacement during the last 11,000 years) traverse Chula Vista, traces of the potentially active La Nacion Fault zone are known to cross the City in a generally north-south direction within the central portion of the City (refer to Figure 3). The greatest magnitude earthquake expected on the La Nacion fault is estimated to be 6.0. The nearest active faults arethe Rose Canyon Fault, located approximately 14 miles northwest of the City, and the Coronado Bank fault, located approximately 30 miles from the City. Other active faults in the region are located more than 60 miles from the City. Strong vibrations due to earthquakes can cause liquefaction of certain soil types. Areas of Chula Vista in close proximity to San Diego Bay and the Sweetwater and Otay River Valley (refer toFigure 5)have shallow groundwater tables and poorly consolidated granular sediments potentially subject to seismically induced liquefaction. Seismic activity within the region can cause structures to fail, resulting in significant property damage, business disruptions, injuries,and even loss of life. Liquefaction-prone areas within the City are generally located along the coast of the San Diego Bay in the west, and surrounding the northern and southern boundaries of the City, as shown in Figure 5. These areas are classified as having liquefaction potential. In general, hazards associated with seismic activity include strong ground motion; ground surface rupture; liquefaction; and seismically induced settlement. Ground surface rupture is not considered likely to occur seismic events is also considered unlikely. City of Chula Vista13 Figure 2: Regional Fault Locations City of Chula Vista14 Figure 3: Local Fault Locations City of Chula Vista15 Figure 4: Shake Potential Map City of Chula Vista16 Figure 5: Liquefaction Zones City of Chula Vista17 2.2.2.Landslides A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth movement down a slope. Landslides are subdivided by the type of geologic material (bedrock, debris, or earth). Debris flows 4 (commonly referred to as mudflows or mudslides) and rock falls are examples of common landslide types. Landslides can be initiated in slopes already on the verge of movement by rainfall, snowmelt, changes in water level, stream erosion, changes in groundwater, earthquakes, volcanic activity, disturbance by human activities, or any combination of these factors. Landslide susceptibility is defined as the likelihood of a landslide occurring in an area on the basis of local terrain conditions. Initiates are not taken into account when determining landslide susceptibility, as the cause of an area being susceptible to landslides is not the same as the cause of a landslide. While rainfall is not a cause of landslide susceptibility, it is a potential initiate of landslides. Average yearly rainfall in Chula Vista has been decreasing in recent years, however dry weathermay lead to increased wildfire risk.Wildland fire risk zones have steep slopesandlimited precipitation, Since Chula Vista receives limited precipitation, the potential for wildland fires represents a significant hazard within areas of the City. Per the California Department of Conservation, slopes are more susceptible to debris flow after wildfire. Therefore, landslide susceptibility may increase as a result of more frequent fires. Areas of known landslides, or areas generally susceptible tolandsliding, withinthe General Plan area have been identified inFigure 6. The potential for earthquake-induced landsliding inhillside terrain is also present. Slopes steeper than 25 degrees(approximately 2:1) are potentially subject to instability. Such areas maybe prone to hazards such as surficial failures; earthflows; debris flow;mudslides; rock falls; soil creep; and erosion. Failures of man-madeslopes could also occur in some of the developed areas ofthe City. Planning for a safe community requires consideration of geologichazards. Incorporating proper geotechnical engineering techniques indevelopment projects can reduce the risks associated with geologic hazards to an acceptablelevel. The State Historical Building Code is a tool that is available to the City to ensure the reasonable safety of historically significant buildings from geologic hazards while facilitating themaintenance of the historical integrity of such buildings. Figure 6showsthe relative likelihood of deep-seated landsliding based on regional estimates of rock strength and steepness of slopes. On the most basic level, weak rocks and steep slopes are most likely to generate landslides. The map uses detailed information on the location of past landslides, the location and relative strength of rock units, and the steepness of the slope to estimate susceptibility to deep-seated landsliding. This landslide susceptibility map is intendedto provide infrastructure owners, emergency planners, and the public with a general overview of where landslides are more likely to occur. However, it is essential to note that this map is not suitable for assessing the landslide risk at any particular location. The analysis of landslide susceptibility uses a combination of rock strength and slope data to create classes of landslide susceptibility from 0 (low) to 10(high). These classes express the generalization that on very low 4 What is a landslide and what causes one?https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-landslide-and- what-causes-one. City of Chula Vista18 slopes, landslide susceptibility is low even in weak materials and that landslide susceptibility increases with 5 slope and in weak rocks. The landslide susceptibility matrix is based on Rock Strength and Slope Steepness. Areas underlain by shale and siltstone are more prone to landslideswhen compared to other bedrock geology, which is more prone to slow-developing, slump-type failure.The areas in the north and southeast portions of the City with steeper slopes are more vulnerable to landslides.Areas along Olympic Parkway and Telegraph Canyon Road also have higher susceptibility with a few parcels reaching a susceptibility of 10. Any development of areas in the higher landslide susceptibility areas will need a geological assessment to determine the mitigation measures appropriate for these areas. Engineering techniques such as constructing retaining walls or reinforced retaining structures, creating terraces, installing proper drainage systems, and using rock bolts to secure loose rocks or soil can be explored as mitigation measures. In addition, native vegetation with deep roots to bind the soil and reduce erosion as well as limiting development in high-risk landslide areas may be effective in preventing landslides.No indications of past landslides have been observed. 2.2.3.Subsidence Ground subsidence is the gradual settling or sinking of the ground surface with little or no horizontal movement. Most ground subsidence is anthropogenic(i.e., originating jo!ivnbo!bdujwjuz*and is usually associated with the extraction of oil, gas, or groundwater from below the ground surface in valleys filled with recent alluvium. Land subsidence can also occur during an earthquake because of offset along fault lines and as a result of settling and compacting of unconsolidated sediment from the shaking of an earthquake. The United StatesGeological Survey (USGS) documents areas of land subsidence throughout California, including historical and current subsidence.The USGS has not identified any regional subsidence 6 as a result of groundwater pumping or oil extraction in the City of Chula Vistaor surrounding communities. 2.2.4.Expansive Soils Expansive soils are those that have the ability to expand or contract, changing in volume based on their moisture content. They are typically composed of a form of expansive claymineral that readily absorbs water and swells, leading to an increase in volume when wet and contraction/shrinkage when dry. This shrink-swell process can cause fatigue and crack for infrastructure or foundations placed directly on or within expansive soils. Structural damage may result over a long period of time, making it difficult to estimate the severity of long-term impacts.Expansive soils are typically rich in clay minerals, particularly montmorillonite and smectite. These minerals have the ability to absorb water and expand, which is the primary reason for the soil's volume changes.Large portions of the City are composed of Diablo clay soil(refer to Figure 7), which is an expansive soil.The shrink-swell characteristic of expansive soils can create challenges for construction, foundations, and infrastructure in areas where Diablo clay or similar expansive soils are present.Proper engineering and construction techniques are required to mitigate the potential problems associated with these soils. 5 California Geological Survey, Layer: Landslide Susceptibility Classes (ID: 0), accessed July11, 2022, https://gis.conservation.ca.gov/server/rest/services/CGS/MS58_LandslideSusceptibility_Classes/MapServer/0. 6Areas of Land Subsidence in Californiahttps://ca.water.usgs.gov/land_subsidence/california- subsidence-areas.html. City of Chula Vista19 Figure 6: Landslide Areas City of Chula Vista20 2.2.5.Tsunamis and Seiches A tsunami is a wave or series of waves generated bya large and sudden upward movement of the ocean floor, usually the result of an earthquake below or near the ocean floor, underwater landslides,or volcanic activity. This sudden displacement and force create waves that radiate outward in all directions away from their source, sometimes crossing entire ocean basins. A tsunami wave conceivably could have adverse effects on the coastal areas of Chula Vista. However, because the City is adjacent to a relatively protected part of San Diego Bay, the potential for significant wave damage is considered low. A seiche is defined as a standing wave oscillation in an enclosed or semi-enclosed, shallow to a moderately shallow water body to the basin, such as a lake, reservoir, bay, or harbor, due to ground shaking, usually following an earthquake. Seiches continue in a pendulum fashion after the cessation of the originating force, which can be tidal action, wind action, or a seismic event. Seiches are often described by the period of the waves (how quickly the waves repeat themselves) since the period will often determine whether adjoining structures will be damaged. The period of a seiche varies depending on the dimensions of the basin. Whether the earthquake will create seiches depends upon a number of earthquake-specific parameters, including the earthquake location (a distant earthquake is more likely to generate a seiche, compared toa local earthquake), the style of fault rupture (e.g., dip-slip or strike-slip),and the configuration (length, width, and depth) of the basin. Due to the San DiegoBay being a mostly enclosed body, seiches do pose a potential threat to the City of Chula Vistaalong the San DiegoBay shoreline. In the unlikely event of the development of noticeable seiches, it is conceivable that local areas adjacent to the Otay Lakes and the San Diego Bay could be impacted by wave activity.However, seiches have not been historically documented in the area. City of Chula Vista21 Figure 7: Soils City of Chula Vista22 Figure 8: Tsunami Map City of Chula Vista23 2.3.Fire Hazards 2.3.1.Wildland Fires A wildfire is defined as an unplanned and unwanted wildland fire, including unauthorized human-caused fires, escaped wildland fire use events, escaped prescribed fire projects, and all other wildland fireswhere the object is to extinguish the fire. Wildfire is a natural part of the California ecosystem, helping to clear brush and debris, and is a necessary part of various species' life cycles. Lightning, accidents, or arson can spark wildfires.Wildfires are becomingmore frequent or intense with climate change. Although the City is not generally prone to wildfire hazardsexcept in certain areas, regional wildfires may become an increasing threat with climate change.Cityhasconsidered OPR's Fire Hazard Technical Advisory in preparation of this section. Human activity has changed the buffer zone between urbanized and undeveloped areas, known as the wildland-urban interface, where naturally fire-prone landscapes abut developed neighborhoods. The natural setting of a wildland-urban interface can make these areas highly desirable places to live, and many of these areas in California are now developed. This development has brought more people into wildfire-prone areas. The availability of fuel and increasing encroachment into the wildland-urban interface have made wildfires a common and dangerous hazard in California. Structural conditions that may affect fire control include the type and use of a structure, roof covering, surrounding landscaping, and exposure to the building. Once a fire has started, several conditions influence its behavior, including fuel topography, weather, drought, and development. Certain conditions must be present for significant interface fires to occur. The most common conditions include hot, dry, and windy weather, the inability of fire protection forces to contain or suppress the fire, the occurrence of multiple fires that overwhelm committed resources, and a large fuel load (dense vegetation). Wildland fire risk zones are areas that have steep slopes, limited precipitation, and plenty of available fuel, or combustible plant material.Brush management is required to be undertaken in the City in areas where urban development interfaces with open space, in order to reduce fire fuel loads and reduce potential fire hazards. Since Chula Vista receives limited precipitation, the potential for wildland fires represents a significant hazard within areas of the City. In 2003, the Cedar fireburned about 280,000 acres of land, about 10 percent of which was in the City of San Diego andled to the evacuationand burningof thousands of homes. It started 25 miles east of San Diego in the Cleveland National Forestand crossed into San Diego the next day. The Cedar fireburned for three days.The City of Chula Vista was largely avoided as the fire stopped at Otay Lakes. In 2007, the Harris,Witch Creek,and Guejitofiresmerged and burned about 200,000acres andthousands of homes in San Diego County. Over 500,000 people were evacuated.The Harris fire entered the City of Chula Vista from the east and covered much of the same area as the Cedar firehad four years earlier. 2.3.2.Fire Hazard Severity Zones The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection prepares wildfire hazard severity maps based on fuels, terrain, weather, and other relevant factors. These zones, referred to as Fire Hazard Severity Zones (FHSZ), define the application of various mitigation strategies and influence how people construct City of Chula Vista24 buildings and protect property to reduce the risk associated with wildland fires. While FHSZ doesnot predict when or where a wildfire will occur, they do identify areas where wildfires may be more likely to occur or be more severe, based on factors such as fire history, existing and potential vegetation that can serve as fuel, predicted flame length,blowing embers, terrain, and typical fire weather for an area. Zones are designated in varying degrees from moderate, high, and very high. There are three types of responsibility areas in California:Local Responsibility Area (LRA), State Responsibility Area (SRA), or Federal Responsibility Area (FRA). LRAs are incorporated jurisdictions such as cities, urban regions, and agricultural lands where the local government is responsible for wildfire protection. SRAs are those for which the State of California is financially responsible for the prevention and suppression of wildfires. FRAs are landsfor which the federalgovernment has legal responsibility for providing fire protection. The City of Chula Vista has Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zones (VHFHSZ) in the eastern side of the city and a section in the south. There are also sections of SRA and FRA which are in the northeastern corner of Chula Vista. SRA is the responsibility of CAL FIRE and FRA lands are the responsibility of the U.S. Forest Service. Inthe City of Chula Vista, fire protection isprovided by the Chula Vista Fire Department. Fire stations are dispersed throughout the City while police facilities are centered in headquarters located in downtown Chula Vistaas shown in Figure 15. The Public Safety Services section provides more details on location and programs by fire department services in the City. City of Chula Vista25 Figure 9: Fire Hazard Severity Zone City of Chula Vista26 2.4.Flooding 2.4.1.Major Sources of Flooding Flooding occurs when a waterway (either natural or artificial drainage channel) receives more water than it is capable of conveying, causing the water level in the waterway to rise. Depending on how long these conditions last and the amount of runoff the waterway receives in proportion to its capacity, the rising water level may eventually overtop the waterways banks or any other boundaries to the drainage area, resulting in flooding. Floods often occur during heavy precipitation events, when the amount of rainwater exceeds the capacity of storm drains or flood control channels. Floods can also happen when infrastructure such as levees, dams, reservoirs, or culvertsfail or when a section of drainage infrastructure fails,and water cannot be drained from an area quickly enough. These failures can be linked to precipitation events (e.g., when water erodes a levee, allowing water to escape and flood nearby areas) or can be a consequence of other emergency situations (e.g., a dam collapsing due to an earthquake). Flooding associated with heavy rainfall episodes, as well as dam failure, posesa significant hazard to people and property. Although much less likely to occur,tsunamis and seiches also represent potential flood hazards in portions of Chula Vista in proximity to the San Diego Bay and the Otay Lakes. Furthermore, flooding can result in costly damage to private and public property and infrastructure;by damaging roadways and creating unsafe driving conditions, flooding also impedes traffic and disrupts business operations. Climate change may lead tomore frequent or intense storm events, and it is likely that flooding would have a more significant effect on the City. Increasing the capacity of the City's drainage infrastructure would make the City more resilient to weather events linked to climate change. During severe rain seasons, low-lying areas along the floodplains of the Sweetwater and Otay Rivers and several of their tributaries, including Telegraph Canyon Creek, Poggi Channel, Salt Creek, and Jamul (Dulzura) Creek, as well as certain drainage facilities, may experience flooding. Dams, levees, reservoirs, and drainage channels have been constructed to control the drainage of much of the watershed for the General Plan area, thereby reducing the potential for hazardous flooding of developed areas. FEMAhas delineated inundation areas for 100-and 500-year floods. Areas designated to be within the flood zone are shownin Figure 10. Flood hazard areas identified on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) are identified as Special Flood Hazard Areas(SFHA). SFHAsare defined as the area that will be inundated by the flood event having a 1 percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. The 1percent annual chance flood is also referred to as the base flood or 100-year flood. SFHAs are labeled as Zone A, Zone AO, Zone AH, Zones A1-A30, Zone AE, Zone A99, Zone AR, Zone AR/AE, Zone AR/AO, Zone AR/A1-A30, Zone AR/A, Zone V, Zone VE, and Zones V1-V30. Moderate flood hazard areas, labeled Zone B or Zone X (shaded),are also shown on the FIRM and are the areas between the limits of the base flood and the 0.2percentannual chance (or 500-year) flood. The areas of minimal flood hazard, which are the areas outside the SFHA and higher than the elevation of the 0.2percentannualchance of flood, are labeled Zone C or Zone X (unshaded).The city allows construction in flood zones pursuant to Chapter 14.18of the municipal code. City of Chula Vista27 There areZone A, and AEflood risk areas along San Diego Bay and on the northern and southern boundaries ofthe City. Areas at risk generally have low levels of development and include parksand open spaces. A Zone (A):This SFHA designation represents areas with a 1percentannual chance of flooding, often referred to as the 100-year floodplain. It means that there is a 1percentprobability of a flood of this magnitude occurring in any given year. These areas typically have a higher risk of flooding and are subject to certain building and development restrictions, as well as requirements for flood insurance if a property owner has a federallybacked mortgage. AO Zone (AO):The AO Zone is also an SFHA, but it is slightly different from the A Zonein that an AO Zone is an area that has a 1percentannual chance of shallow flooding (typically with depths between 1 and 3 feet). These areas are also considered highrisk, but the flooding is characterized by shallow depths rather than deep inundation. As with the A Zone, properties in the AO Zone may be subject to specific building and development regulations and requirements for flood insurance. AEZone (AE):Similar to the A Zone, the AE Zone designates areas with a 1percentannual chance of flooding, or the 100-year floodplain. The AE Zone is one ofthe most common flood zone designations. Properties within the AE Zone are subject to specific building and development regulations, including requirements for elevating structures above the base flood elevation to reduce flood risk. Property owners in AEZones are also often required to have flood insurance if they hold federallybacked mortgages. VE Zone:The VE Zone is a coastal high-hazardarea that signifies a significant risk of flooding from a combination of wave action and storm surge. These areas are typically located along coastlines and are subject to increased vulnerability to flooding during hurricanes, tropical storms, and other coastal weather events. The VE designation is used to denote Velocity Zone, indicating that not only is flooding a concern, but also the speed and force of floodwaters, such as from waves and storm surges.Properties within VE Zones face specific building and development regulations, and they often require structures to be elevated on pilings or other appropriate foundations to mitigate the risk of damage from the combination of floodwaters and wave action. City of Chula Vista28 Figure 10: FEMA Flood Zones City of Chula Vista29 2.4.2.Dam Inundation Dam failure is the uncontrolled release of impounded water from behind a dam. Flooding, earthquakes, blockages, landslides, lack of maintenance,improper operation, poor construction, vandalism, and terrorism can all cause dam infrastructure to fail. Dam failure causes downstream flooding of varying velocities that can result in loss of life and property. Several regional reservoirs and damsarelocated within and in the vicinity of Chula Vista. Of these, Sweetwater Dam, Savage Dam, and Lake Loveland have the potential to cause damage in the City if there is a breach. Savage Dam, built in 1919, is a 149-foot-high and 750-foot-wide dam. It is owned by Cityof San Diego and used for storing water for backup uses in the San Diego area. The Loveland Dam was built in 1945 and is owned and operated by the Sweetwater Authority; it is 203 feet high and 765 feet wide.In addition to its role in water supply, the Loveland Reservoir area offers recreational opportunities for the public. The surrounding lands are used for hiking, picnicking, birdwatching, and enjoying the natural beauty of the region. It is a popular spot for outdoor enthusiasts and nature lovers.The Sweetwater Dam was built in 1888and is an important historical landmark in San Diego County. It is a 112-foot-high and 700-foot-wide dam. It is owned by the Sweetwater Authorityand is part of their water supply system. It was built primarily to store andsupply water for agricultural purposes and to support the growing population in the area. According to the California Department of Water Resources, Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD), the downstream hazardfrom Sweetwater Dam, Savage Dam, and Lake Loveland is classified as extremely high. The downstream hazard is based solely on potential downstream impacts to life and property should thesedamsfail when operating with a full reservoirandis expected to cause considerable loss of human life or result in an inundation area with a population of 1,000 or more. The DSOD also maintains a record of the condition assessment of the dams. According to a September 2022 report by DSOD, the condition assessment of Lake Loveland is satisfactory,meaning no existing or potential dam safety deficiencies are recognized. Acceptable performance is expected under all loading conditions (static, hydrologic, seismic) in accordance with the minimum applicable state or federal regulatory criteria or tolerable risk guidelines. The condition assessmentfor Sweetwater Dam is fair, meaning no existing dam safety deficiencies are recognized fornormal operating conditions. Rare or extreme hydrologicand/orseismic events may resultin a dam safety deficiency. The riskmay be in the range to take further action. The condition assessmentforSavage Dam is poor,meaning a dam safety deficiency is recognized for normaloperating conditions thatmay realisticallyoccur. Remedial action is necessary. The classificationof poormay also be used when uncertainties exist as to criticalanalysis 7 parameters thatidentify a potential dam safety deficiency. Investigations and studies are necessary. Figure 11 depicts areas subject to flood inundation in the event of failure of the Sweetwater, Upper Otay, or Savage (Lower Otay) Dams. Dams typically fail due to overtopping by reservoir water during heavy rainfall episodes, structural damage, and earthquake-related hazards such as landsliding, ground shaking, and seiches. 7 hin Jurisdiction of the State of https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web- Pages/Programs/All-Programs/Division-of-Safety-of-Dams/Files/Publications/Dams-Within-Jurisdiction-of-the- State-of-California-Listed-Alphabetically-by-Name-September-2022.pdf. City of Chula Vista30 Figure 11: Reservoir Inundation City of Chula Vista31 2.4.3.Drainage System The City is located in the San Diego Bay watershed.A watershed, also known as a drainage basin or catchment area, is an area of land where all the water, including rainfall and runoff, drains into a common outlet, such as a river, lake, or ocean.The San Diego Bay watershedincludes about 30 percent of San Diego County. The watershed includes Cities of Imperial Beach, Chula Vista, Coronado, La Mesa, Lemon Grove, NationalCity, and San Diego, as well as unincorporated areas of San Diego County. The watershed supplies potable water and supports recreational activities. The San Diego Bay watershedis divided into Pueblo, Sweetwater,and Otay watersheds. Of these,the Sweetwater and Otay watersheds cover Chula Vista(refer toFigure 12). Sweetwater River Watershed:The Sweetwater River is a prominent water body in the Chula Vista area. It flows through the City and has its headwaters in the mountains to the east. The Sweetwater River watershed includes the land area that drains into the river. The river and its watershed play a significant role in the region's water supply and ecology. Otay River Watershed:The Otay River flows through the southern part of Chula Vista and serves as the boundary between the United States and Mexico for a portion of its course. The Otay River watershed includes the land area that drains into the Otay River. It is an important watercourse in the region. These watersheds are essential for managing stormwater, providing recreational opportunities, and maintaining water quality in the Chula Vista area. Water and coordinates with other communities in the County on matters of clean water and stormwater. City of Chula Vista32 Figure 12: Watersheds City of Chula Vista33 2.5.Climate Change and Resilience Climate resilience is the capacity of communities to withstand, adapt to, and recover from the adverse impacts of climate change. Climate change is a phenomenon characterized by the long-term shifts in global temperature and weather patterns associated with the build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the warming of the planet due to the greenhouse effect. Although climate change is global, its effects can be felt locally, and the response also can start locally. Local policies and actions can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from local sources and incorporate resilience and adaptation strategies into planning and development. Climate change can have widespread effects on temperature and weather patterns, creating conditions that may makestorms more frequent or more intense, resulting in more intense rainfall and flooding. Climate change also contributes to sea level rise, intensifying coastal hazards. In many areas, climate change may increase the frequency and duration of droughts and create conditions that intensify wildfire vulnerability. 2.5.1.Climate Change -Adapt tool is an online platform designed to provide data, information, and resources related to climate change impacts in California. Table 2,created from the Cal- Adapt tool,shows the changes specific to Chula Vista. As shown,the number of extreme heat days, increase in annual maximum temperatures, and decrease in annual precipitation may be a cause of concern for the City. Table 2: Local Climate Change Snapshot Mid-Century(2035-2064) Observed(1961- ClimateChangeFactorsImpactingtheCity 1990)AA MediumEmissionsHighEmissions Annual Average Maximum Temperature (°F)71.0-71.772.6 76.073.1 76.5 B Extreme Heat Days (days)2 45 166 20 C Annual Average Precipitation (inches)10.810.610.4 D Annual Average Area Burned (acres)247.5 290.1279.0 335.6303.2 344.1 A. TheMedium Emissions Scenario represents a mitigation scenario where global carbon dioxide (CO2)emissions peak by 2040 and then decline. Statewide, the temperature is projected to increaseby 2-4°Cfor this scenario by the end of this century. TheHigh Emissions Scenario represents a scenario where CO2emissions continue to rise throughout the twenty- first century. Statewide, the temperature is projected to increase4-7°Cby the end of this century. th B. Number of days in a year when the daily maximum temperature is above a threshold temperature of103.9°F (98 percentile). C. Summary statistics are calculated using values between 1961 and 1990 from Modeled Historical data (CanESM2, CNRM- CM5, HadGEM2-ES, MIROC5 models). D. This area may contain locations outside the combined fire state and federal protection responsibility areas. These locations were excluded from these wildfire simulations and had no climate projections. Source: Cal-Adapt, Local Climate Change Snapshot (cal-adapt.org), Accessed February 3,2023 2.5.2.Extreme Heat th An extreme heat event occurs between April and October when the temperature is at or above the 98 Percentile for historic daily maximum temperatures in Chula Vista.An increase inextremeheat waves can increase the risk of heat stroke ordehydration.Extreme heat may strain water, power, and transportation City of Chula Vista34 systems. Extremeheat can also have negative effects on infrastructure such as roadways and sidewalks, leading to deterioration and buckling. Additionally, the increased use of air conditioners used by extreme heat eventscan put strain on electrical systems and lead toemissions which effect lung function over time. 2.5.3.Sea Level Rise As the City of Chula Vista includes approximately 5 miles of coastline along the San Diego Bay, the City is potentially vulnerable to future sea level rise. The San Diego Bay receives water from Sweetwater River, Otay River, and Chollas Creek, and is connected to the Pacific Ocean.Sea level rise is a climate change- drivenphenomenon of increasing the elevation of the ocean surface. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), sea level rise at the regional 8 level can deviate significantly from the globally averaged rate.Thus, effects are unique to specific coastal jurisdictions due to variations in topography and geography. Sea level rise projections and modeling referenced inTable 3rely on the best available science as evaluated by the California Coastal Technical Report.Figure 13shows a scenario assuming 3 feet of sea level rise. In such a scenario,only a few segments oftheChula Vista coastal area will be inundated. These areas are currently undeveloped and are expected to remain so in the future. Table 3: California Coastal Commission Sea Level Rise (SLR) Projections LowRiskAversionMedium-HighRiskAversion YEAR Upperlimitof1-in-200chance 2.0feet 20501.2feet 20702.0feet3.6feet 20903.0feet5.7feet 21003.6feet7.0feet NOTE: The California Coastal Commission and NOAA state available climate models and experiments do not extend beyond 2100. Both agencies acknowledge increased uncertainties regarding projections past 2100 and recommend caution if projections require utilization. Source: California Coastal Commission, Sea Level Rise Policy Guidance Science Update, adopted November 2018. In addition, groundwater emergence which refers to the flooding or inundation caused by the emergence of groundwater at the land surface, is anticipated to accompany future sea level rise impacts. As sea levels rise, saltwater can intrude into groundwater aquifers that store fresh water. If the amount of saltwater 9 intrusion is great enough, groundwater can be pushed to the surface.Specific vulnerabilities to a rising water table and groundwater emergence include dry weather flooding, deterioration of underground infrastructure such as water/sewer pipelines, extended earthquake liquefaction zones, and resurfacing 10 any underground toxic contamination. 8 National Ocean Service/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2022 Sea Level Rise Technical Report, https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/hazards/sealevelrise/sealevelrise-tech-report-sections.html. 9 MIT Technology Review, Climate Change: How Groundwater caused by Climate Change could Devastate Coastal Communities,2021, https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/12/13/1041309/climate-change-rising-groundwater-flooding/. 10 KQED, Groundwater Beneath Your Feet Is Rising With the Sea. It Could Bring Long-Buried Toxic Contamination With It, 2020, https://www.kqed.org/science/1971582/groundwater-beneath-your-feet-is-rising-with-the-sea-it-could-bring-long-buried-toxins-with-it. City of Chula Vista35 Figure 13: Sea Level Rise City of Chula Vista36 2.5.4.Resilience Resiliency in the face of climate change refers to the actions thatcan be taken to reduce the drivers of climate change and actions to mitigate the effects of climate change. This includes making our community is more resilient to impacts of climate change but also reducing those impacts by reducing GHG emissions and acBecause climate change is a long-term phenomenon, it is important to adequately plan for its impacts. In order to mitigate the effects of intense storms, actions may include bolstering drainage capacities and flood control measures. With more frequent or intense storm events, it is likely that flooding would have a more significant effect on the City. Increasing the capacity of the City's drainage infrastructure would make the City more resilient to weather events linked to climate change. Climate change resiliency would also include measures to reduce vulnerability to droughts and wildfires. This may include water conservation and water supply management efforts to ensure the City is prepared in the event of a long-term drought. Diversifying the City's water supply by introducing and maintaining water sources that are less susceptible to drought or are more sustainable also accomplishes this goal. The City does not own or maintain any water supply. The City is dependent on3 water agencies for its water supply. The City could implement conservation efforts but these efforts do not guarantee a reserve supply of water for the City during drought periods. Additionally, as wildfires become more frequent or intense with climate change, actions to mitigate the City's vulnerability may be warranted. Although the City is not generally prone to wildfire hazards, regional wildfires may become an increasing threat with climate change. 2.5.5.Vulnerability Assessment Summary The CMJHMP (2023) documents thehazards for the City of Chula Vista and provides a vulnerability assessment of these threats.Facilities that provide critical and essential services following a major emergency are of particular concern because these locations house staff and equipment necessary to provide important public safety, emergency response, and/or disaster recovery functions.Considering the critical facilities identified inFigure 14and Figure 15the climate-related threat that the structures are most vulnerable to is wildfire. Some structures located in the northern portion of the City are also vulnerable to flooding, dam inundation,and liquefaction. Thecritical facilitiesare also vulnerable to earthquakes. The secondary impacts of earthquakes could be magnified by climate change. Soils saturated by repetitive storms could fail prematurely during seismic activity due to the increased saturation. 2.5.6.Critical Facilities Critical facilities in a city are those essential structures, services, and resources that are vital for the well- being and functioning of the community, particularly during and after disasters or emergencies. These facilities are considered critical because their disruption or damage can have severe consequences for public safety, health, and the overall recovery of the community.Table 4provides the list of various critical Figure 14and Figure 15show the location of these critical facilities. Map A showscritical facilities that fall intocategories of education, healthcare, transportation,and wastewater. Map B covers local, county,stateandfederal government facilities, fire, and law enforcement services. City of Chula Vista37 Table 4: Critical Facilities List MaMap Facility Name andTypeFacility Name andType p IDID EducationHealth Care 1 Allen (Ella B.) Elementary 1 Aegis Health LLC 2 Alta Vista Academy 2 Bonita Homecare, Inc. 3 Arroyo Vista Charter 3 Bonitaview Home 4 Bayfront Charter High School 4 Chula Vista Family Counseling Center 5 Bayview Christian Academy 5 Chula Vista Family Health Center 6 Berean Bible Baptist Academy 6 Fredericka Manor Care Center 7 Bonita Country Day School 7 Fresenius Medical Care East Lakes 8 Bonita Learning Academy 8 Fresenius Medical Care Marina Bay 9 Bonita Road Christian 9 Healthwise Home Health Care Inc. 10 Bonita Vista Middle 10 Mi Clinica 11 Bonita Vista Senior High 11 Modern Home Health Care, Inc. 12 Calvary Christian Academy 12 Otay Family Health Clinic 13 Camarena (Enrique S.) Elementary 13 Paradise Valley Hsp D/P Aph Bayview Beh Hlth 14 Casillas (Joseph) Elementary 14 Planned Parenthood -Chula Vista Center 15 Castle Park Elementary 15 Rice Family Health Center 16 Castle Park Middle 16 Samahan Health Centers : 2835 Highland 17 Castle Park Senior High 17 Samahan Health Centers: 2743 Highland 18 Christian Elementary South Bay 18 San Diego Dialysis Services, Inc. 19 Chula Vista Adult 19 San Ysidro Health Chula Vista 20 Chula Vista Hills Elementary 20 Scripps Mercy Hospital -Chula Vista Chula Vista Learning Community 2121 Sharp Chula Vista Medical Center Charter Chula Vista Learning Community 2222 South Bay Post Acute Care Charter Middle 23 Chula Vista Middle 23 St. Paul's Pace 24 Chula Vista Senior High 24 U.S. Renal Care Chula Vista Broadway Dialysis 25 Clear View 25 U.S. Renal Care Chula Vista Dialysis 26 Cook (Hazel Goes) Elementary 26 Veterans Home Of California -Chula Vista 27 Davila Day Transportation 28 Discovery Charter 1 Bayfront E St. Trolley Station 29 East Hills Academy 2 Bus Transit Facility 30 Eastlake Church Preschool/K 3 Chula Vista Transit 31 EastlakeElementary 4 Community Hospital OfChula Vista Heliport 32 Eastlake High 5 CVESD School Bus Corp Yard 33 Eastlake Middle 6 H St Trolley Station 34 Feaster (Mae L.) Charter 7 L Street MtsTrolley Station 35 Fifth Ave Academy 8 MtsBus Maintenance Facility 36 Finney (Myrtle S.) Elementary 9 Palomar Street Trolley Station City of Chula Vista38 MaMap Facility Name andTypeFacility Name andType p IDID First United Methodist Christian 37Wastewater School 38 Halecrest Elementary 1 Wastewater Pump Station 39 Harborside Elementary 2 Wastewater Pump Station 40 Hawking S.T.E.A.M. Charter 3 Wastewater Pump Station Hedenkamp (Anne AndWilliam) 414 Wastewater Pump Station Elementary 42 Heritage Elementary 5 Wastewater Pump Station 43 High Tech Elementary Chula Vista 6 Wastewater Pump Station 44 High Tech High Chula Vista 7 Wastewater Pump Station 45 High Tech Middle Chula Vista 8 Wastewater Pump Station -City Hall 46 Hilltop Drive Elementary 9 Wastewater Pump Station -Marina Park Wastewater Pump Station -Olympic Training 47 Hilltop Middle 10 Center 48 Hilltop Senior High 11 Wastewater Pump Station -Police Department Wastewater Pump Station -Rancho Robinwood 49 Howard Gardner Community Charter 12 Unit 2 Wastewater Pump Station -Rancho Robinwood 50 Innovation High School San Diego 13 Unit 3 51 Kellogg (Karl H.) Elementary 14 Wastewater Pump Station -Salt Creek Park 52 Lauderbach (J. Calvin) Elementary 15 Wastewater Pump Station -Sports Complex Learning Choice Academy -Chula 5316 Wastewater Pump Station -Tidelands Vista Leonardo DaVinci Health Sciences 54City Government Charter 55 Liberty Elementary 1 Animal Shelter South 56 Loma Verde Elementary 2 Chula Vista Womens Club 57 MaacCommunity Charter 3 City Of Chula Vista-Administration 58 Marshall (Thurgood) Elementary 4 City Of Chula Vista-Public Works 59 Mater Dei Catholic High School 5 Civic Center Branch 60 Mater Dei Juan Diego Academy 6 Heritage Park Recreation Center 61 Mcmillin(Corky) Elementary 7 Loma Verde Park AndRecreation Center 62 Mindful Montessori School 8 Memorial Park 63 Montessori American School 9 Montevalle Recreation Center 64 Montessori Explorer 10 Mount San Miguel Recreation Center 65 Montgomery (John J.) Elementary 11 Norman Park Senior Center 66 Montgomery Adult 12 Otay Ranch Branch 67 Montgomery Senior High 13 Otay Recreation Center 68 Mueller Charter (Robert L.)14 Parkway Community Center 69 Muraoka (Saburo) Elementary 15 Salt Creek Recreation Center 70 National University-Chula Vista 16 South Chula Vista Branch 71 Ocean View Christian Academy 17 Veterans Recreation Center City of Chula Vista39 MaMap Facility Name andTypeFacility Name andType p IDID 72 Olympian High County Government 73 Olympic View Elementary 1 Bonita-Sunnyside Branch 74 Options Secondary 2 County Of San Diego-Health Services 75 Otay Elementary 3 County Of San Diego-Probation Dept 76 Otay Ranch Senior High 4 South County Courthouse 77 Pacific Coast Christian Prep State Government 78 Pacific Springs Charter 1 Caltrans-Chula Vista Complex 79 Palomar Elementary 2 State Dept Of Motor Vehicles 80 Palomar High 3 State Of Calif-Employment Dev Dept 81 Parkview Elementary Federal Government 82 Pima Medical Institute 1 U.S. Post Office 83 Rancho DelRey Middle 2 U S Border Patrol Headquarters 84 Rice (Lilian J.) Elementary 3 U.S. Post Office 85 Rogers (Greg) Elementary 4 U.S. Post Office 86 Rohr (Fred H.) Elementary 5 U.S. Post Office 87 Rosebank Elementary Fire 88 Salt Creek Elementary 1 Fire Station 1 89 South Bay Christian Academy 2 Fire Station 2 90 South Bay Christian Academy 3 Fire Station 3 91 Southwestern College 4 Fire Station 4 92 Special Education Preschool 5 Fire Station 5 93 St. John's Episcopal 6 Fire Station 6 94 St. Pius X 7 Fire Station 7 95 St. Rose OfLima School 8 Fire Station 8 96 Sunnyside Elementary 9 Fire Station 9 97 Sweetwater High 10 Fire Station 10 98 Sweetwater Secondary 11 Fire Station 11 (Future) 99 Tiffany (Burton C.) Elementary 12 Fire Station 12 (Future) United Education Institute-Chula 10013 Fire Station (Bonita-Sunnyside) Vista 101 University OfPhoenix 14 Sd Fs6 102 Valle Lindo Elementary Law Enforcement 103 Valley Vista Elementary 1 Chula Vista City Jail 104 Veterans Elementary 2 Chula Vista Police Station 105 Victory Christian Academy 3 National City Police 106 Victory Christian Academy 4 South Bay Detention Facility 107 Vista Square Elementary 108 Wolf Canyon Elementary Source: City of Chula Vista City of Chula Vista40 Figure 14: Critical Facilities Map A City of Chula Vista41 Figure 15: Critical Facilities Map B City of Chula Vista42 2.6.Drought Drought is defined as an extremely dry climatic period where the available water falls below a statistical average for a region. Drought is also defined by factors other than rainfall, including vegetation conditions, agricultural productivity, soil moisture, water levels in reservoirs, and streamflow. Droughts or water shortages are a gradual phenomenon, occurring over multiyear periods and increasing with the length of dry conditions. When precipitation is less than normal for a period of time, the flow of streams and rivers declines, water levels in lakes and reservoirs fall, and the depth to water in wells increases. If dry weather persists and water supply problems develop, the dry period can become a drought. The term "drought" can have different meanings depending on how a water deficiency affects day-to-day activities. Drought is a complex natural hazard, which is reflected in the following four definitions commonly used to describe it: Agricultural Agricultural drought is defined principally in terms of naturally occurring soil moisture deficiencies relative to water demands of plant life, usually arid crops. Hydrological Hydrological drought is related to the effects of precipitation shortfalls on stream flows and reservoir, lake, and groundwaterlevels. Meteorological Meteorological drought is defined solely on the degree of dryness, expressed as a departure of actual precipitation from an expected average or normal amount based on monthly, seasonal, or annual time scales. Regulatory (or socioeconomic) Regulatory drought can occur when the availability of water is reduced due to the imposition of regulatory restrictions on the diversion and export of water out of a watershed to another area. Although the climate is a primary contributor to hydrological drought, other factors such as changes in land use (i.e., deforestation), land degradation, and the construction of dams can affect the hydrological characteristics of a region. Because regions are geographically interconnected by natural systems, the impact of meteorological drought may extend well beyond the borders of the precipitation-deficient area. Changes in land use upstream may alter hydrologic characteristics such as infiltration and runoff rates, resulting in more variable streamflow and a higher incidence of hydrologic drought downstream. Land use change is one way that human actions can alter the frequency of water shortage even when no change in precipitation has been observed. Droughts cause public health and safety impacts, as wellas economic and environmental impacts. Public health and safety impacts are primarily associated with catastrophic wildfire risks and drinking water shortage risks for small water systems in rural areas and private residential wells. Examples of other impacts include costs to homeowners due to loss of residential landscaping, degradation of urban environments due to loss of landscaping, agricultural land fallowing, and associated job loss, degradation of fishery habitat, and tree mortality with damage to forest ecosystems. Drought conditions can also result in damage to older infrastructure that is located within dry soils with the potential to leak or break. Dead or dying vegetation poses a risk of falling and damaging structures and infrastructure systems. Climate change may increasevulnerability to droughts. Water conservation and water supply management efforts would helpensure the City is prepared in the event of a long-term drought. The City City of Chula Vista43 could implement conservation efforts but these efforts do not guarantee a reserve supply of water for the City during drought periods. 2.6.1.Drought Severity Drought severity depends on numerous factors, including duration, intensity, and geographic extent, as well as regional water supply demands by humans, animals,and vegetation. The severity of drought can be aggravated by other climatic factors, such as prolonged high winds and low relative humidity. The magnitude of drought is usually measured in time and the severity of the hydrologic deficit. The USDrought Monitor is a map released weekly that indicates the portions of the United States that are experiencing drought and the severity of the drought based on five classifications: abnormally dry (D0), showing areas that may be going into or are coming out of drought, and four levels of drought: moderate (D1), severe (D2), extreme (D3), and exceptional (D4) (refer to Table 5). The Drought Monitor is not a forecast but looks backward, providing a weekly assessment of drought conditions based on how much precipitation did or did not fall. Because drought is a slow-moving hazard, it may take more than one good rainfall to end a drought, especially if an area has been in drought for a long time. Table 5: Drought Severity Classification CategoryDescriptionPossibleImpacts Going into drought: short-term dryness slowing planting, growth of crops or D0Abnormally Dry pastures. Coming out of drought: some lingering water deficits; pastures or crops not fully recovered. D1Moderate Some damage to crops, pastures, streams, reservoirs, orwells is low. Some water Drought shortages are developing or imminent; voluntary water-use restrictions are requested. D2Severe DroughtCrop or pasture losses likely; water shortages common; water restrictions imposed. D3Extreme DroughtMajor crop/pasture losses; widespread water shortages or restrictions. D4Exceptional Exceptional and widespread crop/pasture losses; shortages of water in Droughtreservoirs, streams, and wells create water emergencies. Source: US Drought Monitor, Drought Classification, https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/About/AbouttheData/DroughtClassification.aspx. Based on a map released on September 21, 2023,93.53percentof California is not in drought compared to 0percentat this same timelast year. None of the areas are in the D2to D4 categories compared to 94 11 percenta year ago. Only 6.5percentfall into in the D0 and D1 categories(see Figure 16). 11 US Drought Monitoraccessed September 25, 2023, https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA. City of Chula Vista44 Figure 16: California Drought Map City of Chula Vista45 Droughts in California are regional events. In a drought, all areas of Chula Vistawill be affected. According to the US Drought Monitor, there is no extreme (D3) or exceptional drought (D4) in California. California has not seen D1/D0 only conditions since March 2020. California experienced 31 atmospheric rivers in water year (WY) 2023 through March, which delivered between 1.5 to 2 WYs' worth of precipitation in much of the state. The region has been extremely cool this WY, and in particular, much of the region in the last three monthsfrom the date of this writing,experienced temperatures 39 degrees below normal. This has helped to maintain the snowpack.The precipitation from December 2022 to March 2023 alleviated much of the precipitation deficit in the California central and south coast region. 2.6.2.California Drought History Drought has affected virtually every county in California, and California has experienced numerous severe droughts over the past century. FEMA declared one drought emergency for California in January 1977, 12 and other drought emergency declarations have been declared by the state.According to the 2018 State Hazard Mitigation Plan, from 1972 to 2016, there were fifteen drought state emergency proclamations in 13 California. The most severe drought on record began in 2012 and continued through 2017. On January 17, 2014, the governor of California declared a state drought emergency, and on April 1, 2015, the governor announced the first-ever mandatory 25 percent statewide water use reduction and a series of actions to help save water, increase enforcement to prevent wasteful water use, streamline the state's drought response, and invest in new technologies that would make California more drought resilient. At the time of the announcement, the volume of the Sierra Nevada snowpack was approximately 14 percent of normal. Despite multiple storms in February 2014, drought conditions persisted. By the end of May 2014, all of California was in a condition of "extreme" or "exceptional" drought. At the same time, the volume of the Sierra Nevada snowpack had decreased to less than 10 percent of normal, and water stored in Lake 14 Oroville, the major reservoir for the State Water Project, was at 58 percentof normal.On April 7, 2017, the governor issued an executive order ending the drought emergency in most of California, including San DiegoCounty. Table 6: Historical Droughts DateAreaAffectedNotes 18271916StatewideMultiyear: 182729, 184344, 185657, 186364 (particularly extreme), 188788, 18971900, 191213. 191721Statewide, except Simultaneous in affected areas, 191920. Most extreme in the north. for the central Sierra Nevada and north coast 192226Statewide, except Simultaneous in effect for the entire state only during 1924, which was particularly for the central severe. Sierra Nevada 12 Federal Emergency Management Agency, Disaster Declarations, accessed March 15, 2022,https://www.fema.gov/disaster/3023. 13 2018 California State Hazard Mitigation Plan,2018,https://www.caloes.ca.gov/wp- content/uploads/002-2018-SHMP_FINAL_ENTIRE-PLAN.pdf. 14 California Department of Water Resources, cant Droughts: Comparing Historical and Recent Conditions, 2015. City of Chula Vista46 DateAreaAffectedNotes 192837StatewideSimultaneously in effect for the entire state, 192934. Longest in the state's history. 194351StatewideSimultaneously in effect for the entire state, 194749. Most extreme in the south. 195962StatewideMost extreme in the Sierra Nevada and the central coast. 197677Statewide, except Driest 2 years in the state's history. Most severe in the northern two-thirds of the state. for southwestern deserts 198792StatewideModerate, continuing through 1989. Most extreme in the northern Sierra Nevada. 200002StatewideMost severe in Southern California. 200709StatewideTwelfth driest 3-year period on record at the time. Most severe in western San Joaquin Valley. 201217StatewideMost severe California drought on record. 2021presentStatewide2021 became the second driest year on record. The drought emergency expanded statewide as of October 2021. Sources:Paulson, R. W., E. B. Chase, R. S. Roberts, and D. W. Moody, Compilers, National Water Summary 1988-89: Hydrologic Events and Floods and Droughts: USGeological Survey Water-Supply Paper. California Department of Water Resources, /ğƌźŅƚƩƓźğγƭ aƚƭƷ {źŭƓźŅźĭğƓƷ 5ƩƚǒŭŷƷƭʹ /ƚƒƦğƩźƓŭ IźƭƷƚƩźĭğƌ ğƓķ wĻĭĻƓƷ /ƚƓķźƷźƚƓƭ, 2015. 2.6.3.Water Supply Chula Vista residents receive their water supply for both drinking and emergency from threewater districts, depending on their specificlocation within the City. The primary water agencies serving different parts of Chula Vista are: Sweetwater Authority:Sweetwater Authority is the primary water agency that serves a significant portion of Chula Vista. It provideswater to the western and central areas of the City, including much of the residential and commercial areas.Due to the lack of significant undeveloped land area within the boundaries of the Sweetwater Authority's service area, future increases in the demand for potable water will be associated with infill development and redevelopment projects. Water delivered to Sweetwater Authority consumers is obtained from a variety of sources. Approximately 70 percent of its water isfrom local water supplies, including theSweetwater Riverand the San Diego Groundwater Formation. The remainder is obtained from imported water sources such asgroundwater wells, local reservoirs,and imported waterSan Diego County Water Authority (CWA). Otay Water District:The Otay Water District serves the eastern parts of Chula Vista, including areas near the Otay Lakes and eastern neighborhoods. Itprovideswater to residents and businesses in this part of the City.Otay Water District also currently has one of the largest recycled water distribution systems in San Diego County. Water is recycled at theSouth Bay Water Reclamation Plant located in San Ysidro.All potable water comes from imported sources purchased from the San Diego CWA. California-American Water:Certain parts of westernChula Vistareceive water service from the California-American Water Company. Areas served by the Cal-American Water Company are presently built out and significant growth in water demand is not anticipated. City of Chula Vista47 Figure 17: California American Water Service Area Map City of Chula Vista48 The San Diego CWA generally imports 7595 percent of this water from the Metropolitan Water District (MWD) of Southern California. Water imported to the region comes from two primary sources: the Colorado River, through the 240-mile Colorado River Aqueduct; and the State Water Project from Northern California, through the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta and the 444-mile California Aqueduct. These sources deliver water to the MWD, which then distributeswater supplies to districts throughout the Southern California region, including the San Diego CWA. The CWA is composedof 23- memberwater agencies and water districts, including two that serve Chula Vista: theOtay Water District and Sweetwater Authority. A third water agency, Cal-American, also provides water to a small portion of the Chula Vista planning area but is not amember of the CWA. The three districts vary in size and age of infrastructure but are all expected to conform to the same quality and service standards established by the California Department of Public Health and the federal Clean Water Act. In addition to providing water supplies, these agencies provide emergency storage systems and implement conservation efforts. The California Water Code requires all urban water suppliers within the state to prepare urban water management plan(s) and update them every five years, in years ending in five or zero. The plans are to identify supply and demand, infrastructure, and funding. In accordance with state law, the CWA updated its Urban Water Management Plan(UWMP)in 2020. The 2020 UWMP identifies a diverse mix of water resources planned to be developed over the next 25 years to ensure that the region has enough water to meet its needs, including during drought periods. Chula Vistahas adopted a landscape water conservation ordinance as required by state law and the California Department of Water ResourcesWater Efficient Landscape Ordinance. In addition, the City's Landscape Manual requires the use of recycled water to irrigate landscaped areas of residential, commercial, and industrial developments, as well as schools, parks, and golf courses, where recycled water is available. 2.7.Hazardous Materials A "hazardous material" is defined by California Health and Safety Code Section 25501 as "any material that, because of its quantity, concentration, or physical or chemical characteristics, poses a significant present or potential hazard to human health andsafety or to the environment if released into the workplace or the environment." Improper handling of hazardous materials or waste may result in significant impacts on human health and the environment. Hazardous materials can be in the form of explosives,flammable and combustible substances, poisons, and radioactive materials. Hazardous materials accidents can occur during production, storage, transportation, use, or disposal. The impacts of a hazardous materials release can vary, depending on the type and amount of material released. Hazardous materials exposure can include the following effects: skin/eye irritation; difficulty breathing; headaches; nausea; behavior abnormalities; cancer; genetic mutations; physiological malfunctions (i.e., reproductive impairment, kidney failure); physical deformations; or birth defects. Many businesses and residents in the City use hazardous materials and generate some amount of hazardous waste. Common hazardous waste is generated from gasoline service stations, dry cleaners, automotive mechanics, auto body repair shops, machine shops, printers, photo processors, and agriculture. City of Chula Vista49 2.7.1.Hazardous Materials Incidents Potential threats from hazardous materials exist where they are manufactured, stored, transported, or used due tothe risk of spill and exposure to hazardous materials. The magnitude and severity of the hazard would be highly dependent on the type of spill, location, and the extent to which hazardous materials enter the water system. Hazardous materials can be flammable, radioactive, infectious, corrosive, toxic/poisonous, or otherwise reactive. Heavy rains or winds could spread hazardous materials over a larger geographical area and create challenging cleanup conditions. Hazardous materials are used in virtually every manufacturing operation by retailers, service industries, and homeowners in the City of Chula Vista. Operations known to handle hazardous materials in the City include gas stations, dry cleaners, medical facilities, commercial/retail businesses, and roadway and railway transportation. Most hazardous materials operations are small-scale and pose a minimal risk; however, commercial transportation of hazardous materials via roadway or railway would potentially have significant impacts on the City during anincident, given the volumes of hazardous materials being transported. 2.7.2.Transportation of Hazardous Materials Transportation of hazardous materials/wastes is regulated by the California Code of Regulations Title 26. The US Department of Transportation (DOT)is the primary regulatory authority for the interstate transport of hazardous materials. The DOT establishes regulations for safe handling procedures (i.e., packaging, marking, labeling, and routing). Criteria also exist regarding personnel qualificationsand training, inspection requirements, and equipment specifications. The California Highway Patrol (CHP) enforces regulations related to the intrastate transport of hazardous materials and hazardous wastes. The CHP and the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) enforce federal and state regulations and respond to hazardous materials transportation emergencies. 2.7.3.Hazardous Materials Sites The State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) maintains a data management system called GeoTracker. Sites identified by GeoTracker are sites that impact or have the potential to impact water quality in jurisdictions statewide. These sites are required for cleanups, such as leaking underground storage tank (LUST) sites, Department of Defense sites, and cleanup program sites. GeoTracker also contains records for various unregulated projects as well as permitted facilities, including irrigated lands, oil and gas production, operating permitted underground storage tanks, and land disposal sites. A search of federal, state,and local databases identified numerous known and potentially contaminated sites within and immediately adjacent to Chula Vista. Known and potentially contaminated sites inChula Vista are primarily associated with unauthorized releases of oil and hazardous substances (e.g., LUSTs); former solid and hazardous waste disposal and transfer sites; use, storage, and transport of hazardous materials; and hazardous waste generation. As identified by the SWRCB,267sites have been cleaned up in Chula Vista. In 2023, 27 sites were shown to have ongoing activities related to the previouslyknown or suspected release of hazardous materials to soil and groundwater in Chula Vista. These sites and their statuses are identified in Figure 18and Table 7. City of Chula Vista50 In addition, EnviroStor is the Department of Toxic Substances Control's data management system for tracking cleanup, permitting, enforcement,and investigation efforts at hazardous waste facilities and sites with known contamination or sites where there may be reasons to investigate further.Of the 62 sites identified since 1990, 6 are active. These sites and their statuses are identified in Figure 18and Table 7. Table 7: Hazardous Materials Sites #FacilityAddressStatusSiteType StateWaterResourcesControlBoardGeoTracker 1442 Tremont Street (Drug Lab)442 Tremont StreetOpen -Site Cleanup Program AssessmentSite 2517 Shinohara Lane517 Shinohara LaneOpen -Site Cleanup Program AssessmentSite 3821 Main Street821 Main StreetOpen -Site Cleanup Program AssessmentSite 4A & P Drive Thru Cleaners48 BroadwayOpen -InactiveCleanup Program Site 5Chula Vista Bayfront Master Plan Development Marina ParkwayOpen -Remediation -Cleanup Program -Cvbd -Pacifica Exchange Parcels (H-13, H-14, Land Use RestrictionsSite H-15, Hp-5) 6Chula Vista Bayfront Master Plan Development San Diego BayOpen -InactiveCleanup Program -South Bay Power Plant Site 7Chula Vista General Plan Site 1-A789 E StreetOpen -Site Cleanup Program AssessmentSite 8Chula Vista Mixed Use (Sear's Center)565 BroadwayOpen -Site Cleanup Program AssessmentSite 9Crown Chemical Corp1888 Nirvana AvOpen -RemediationCleanup Program Site 10El Super765 Palomar StreetOpen -Site Cleanup Program AssessmentSite 11Eldorado Cleaners & Laundry648 E StOpen -RemediationCleanup Program Site 12Goodrich Aerostructures / Rohr -Goodrich 850 Lagoon DriveOpen -Site Cleanup Program Aerostructures -North Campus -Eastern Parcel AssessmentSite A 13Goodrich Aerostructures / Rohr -Goodrich 850 Lagoon DriveOpen -RemediationCleanup Program Aerostructures -South CampusSite 14Gunpowder Point0 Gunpowder Point Open -InactiveCleanup Program DriveSite 15Homefed Village IIIMaster, Llc0 Heritage RoadOpen -Site Cleanup Program AssessmentSite 16Moss & Industrial676 Moss StreetOpen -Site Cleanup Program AssessmentSite 17Optima Car Wash498 BroadwayOpen -Site Lust Cleanup Site Assessment 18Private Property1402-1418 BroadwayOpen -Site Cleanup Program AssessmentSite 19Proposed Wash N Go495 Telegraph CanyonOpen -Site Cleanup Program AssessmentSite City of Chula Vista51 #FacilityAddressStatusSiteType 20Sediment Off Former Shangrila Site980 Lagoon DriveOpen -InactiveCleanup Program Site 21Speedy Clean Chula Vista1327 3rd AvenueOpen -InactiveCleanup Program Site 22Summit Equipment Rentals128 Mace StreetOpen -Site Cleanup Program AssessmentSite 23Supreme Gasoline196 BroadwayOpen -Site Cleanup Program AssessmentSite 24Sweetwater Marsh0 2300 North Of E Open -Site Cleanup Program StreetAssessmentSite 25The Marine Group, Llc997 G StreetOpen -InactiveCleanup Program Site 26Tires 4 Less77 BroadwayOpen -Site Lust Cleanup Site Assessment 27Xtreme Car Wash1264 Third AvenueOpen -Site Cleanup Program AssessmentSite DepartmentofToxicSubstanceControlEnviroStor 1E Street Plaza Shopping Center640-692 E StreetActiveTiered Permit 2Otay Ranch Village III-Lots 826, 827 & Parcel 2Heritage RoadActiveVoluntary Cleanup 3Otay River Mitigation Bank000 No AddressActiveVoluntary Cleanup 4Proposed Otay Ranch Village 3 (School No. 47) Camino PradoActiveSchool Cleanup School Site 5Proposed Otay Ranch Village IIS-2 School SiteSanta Liza AvenueActiveVoluntary Cleanup 6San Diego Gas & Electric, South Bay Power Plant990 Bay BoulevardActiveVoluntary Cleanup Source: State Water Resources Control Board GeoTracker, accessed September 15, 2023, Https://Geotracker.Waterboards.Ca.Gov/Map/?Global_Id=Sl0601331885;Department of Toxic Substance Control, Envirostor, accessed September 15, 2023, https://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/search?basic=True. 2.7.3.1.Siting Hazardous Waste Facilities Products as diverse as gasoline,paint,solvents,film-processing chemicals,household cleaning products, refrigerants, and radioactive substances are categorized as hazardous materials. After use, or processing, hazardous materials that remain are considered hazardous waste. Nearly all industry and businesses in Chula Vista generate some amount of hazardous waste. Hazardous waste is of concern in light of potential adverse public health and safety and environmental impacts that can result from the improper handling and disposal of such materials. Therefore, the appropriate siting of hazardous waste storage, collection, treatment, disposal and transfer facilities is important. Also important is the siting of such facilities in relatively close proximity to generation sources in order to facilitate proper and efficient disposal of hazardous waste and to reduce the transport of hazardous waste within the City. established. Proposed hazardous waste facilities will be considered only if they are within the industrial zoned general areas and meet specific siting, design, and operating criteria as established by the Chula Vista Zoning Code, and pursuant to siting criteria guidelines established by the City. City of Chula Vista52 2.7.3.2.Siting and Managing Facilities The use, storage, and handling of hazardous materials and waste within Chula Vista are rigorously controlled by federal, state, and local regulations. The City uses a variety of tools to regulate facilities that use, store,and handle hazardous materials and waste in order to ensure compatibility with existing and planned surrounding land uses. The primary tools utilized by the City are zoning regulations, environmental review of proposed developments in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act, and the issuance of business licenses. As development and redevelopment in Chula Vista continue, the potential exists for facilities that use, store, and handle hazardous materials and waste to be sited in locations where such activities may be incompatible with existing and planned surroundingland uses. Through the use of appropriate tools, the City will ensure that facilities using, storing, and handling hazardous materials and waste will be appropriately sited and that the operation of such facilities will be regulated such that significant adverse effects to surrounding land uses will be avoided. City of Chula Vista53 Figure 18: Hazardous Materials Sites City of Chula Vista54 2.7.4.HouseholdHazardous WasteProgram Chula Vista's household hazardous waste (HHW) program, designed to provide a means to safely collect, recycle,treat,and dispose of HHW, was implemented in 1997. Public education and awareness programs, including programs for school-agedchildren, support the recycling program and contribute to high participation rates. HHW includes usedmotor oil; latex and oil-basedpaints; used antifreeze; cleaning products; aerosol containers; dry cell and automotive batteries; pesticides and garden chemicals; and solvents. HHW generated by Chula Vista residents cannot be disposed of at the local and regional landfills serving the City and is, therefore, handled separately from non-hazardous solid waste. Chula Vista's current HHW program includes a temporary storage facility located at the City's John Lippitt Public Works Center on Maxwell Road. This facility was designed as a regional facility to accommodate waste from the South Bay area, including areas outside the Citylimits. The majority of the HHW collected at the City's facility is reused or recycled and thus diverted from landfill disposal. Inaddition to the City's HHW facility,the City provides free used motor oil and oil filter recycling through its hazardous waste collection. The City-has also advertised a pharmaceutical waste disposal sites, with location at the police department and various pharmacies.Source reduction, a form of diversion, is promoted through public education on alternatives to toxic products. In the absence of convenient and affordable HHW collection facilities and sufficient public education, the extent of improper HHW disposal would likely be great. The adverse impacts of improper HHW disposal to the environment and to public health and safety warrant significant efforts to facilitate proper disposal. Public education on alternatives to toxic products can yield a reduction of HHW sources and, in turn, a reduction in HHW generation; therefore, such efforts are also warranted. 2.8.Emergency Planning/Response Emergency planning and disaster response are key components in addressing the City's vulnerability to natural and human-caused hazards. A well-developed emergency planning strategy ensures that,in the event of a significant hazard event, the City of Chula Vistais prepared to efficiently respond and maintain the safety and well-being of its residents, buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities. 2.8.1.Emergency Operations Plan The City of Chula Vista Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) was developed in accordance with following recommended guidance from the Comprehensive Preparedness Guide 101 Version 2.0. The EOP addresses the emergency response functions of local government departments, public officials, and other public and private organizations during emergencies/disasters. The plan was developed through a collaborative effort of City departments, including public safety agencies such as fire, law enforcement, and public works. These organizations play a vital role in responding to emergencies. The EOP applies to all persons participating in protection, prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recoveryefforts within the City. Furthermore, all stakeholdersare encouraged to maintain their own procedures and actively participate in the training, exercises, and maintenance needed to support this plan. City of Chula Vista55 TheCity of Chula Vista EOP is based on the County of San Diego Operational AreaEmergency Operations Plan (OA EOP). It is designed to meet the needs of the City with respect to organizational structure and identified hazards. 2.8.2.Emergency Preparedness Program State regulations establish the Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS). The system includes requirements for incident command systems; multi-agency coordination systems; mutual aid cy (municipality) with emergency response capability within the state, Chula Vista is required to use the SEMS system. Chula Vista provides for the preparation and execution of plans for the protection of persons and property within the City in the event of an emergency (Chula Vista Municipal Code, Chapter 2.14,Emergency Organization Department). The code requirescoordination of the emergency functions of the City with other publicagencies, corporations, and organizations. Federal law (Disaster Management Act 2000) requires that, in order to remain eligible for post-disaster FEMA funding, every jurisdiction in the United States must have an approved Hazard Mitigation Plan (HAZMIT plan) to address the management of, and response to, emergency situations. In addition, to be eligible for pre-disaster FEMA funding for use in hazard mitigation, each jurisdiction's approved HAZMIT plan must include the planned uses of those funds. The County of San Diego adopted its MJHMP in 2023, which included the City of Chula Vista. The plan was submitted to FEMA for approval in compliance with federal law. General Plan policies and standards tie newdevelopment andredevelopment to the provision of adequate publicfacilities and services, including police and fire protection. Due to the rollingterrain and varied topography, some new developments have windingstreets and irregular layouts instead of the grid pattern found in older,traditional neighborhoods. Some design characteristics, such asnarrowstreet widths, aim to create walkable communities, serve to establish anoverall neighborly atmosphere, and tend to reduce traffic speeds. Inmixed-use neighborhoods, density increases may result in tallerbuildings. The evolving urban form and thecumulative increase indevelopment will affect emergency service response times as well as theequipment, facilities,and personnel needed for fire and police services. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a method of incorporating design techniques into projects to help reduce the potential for crime. CPTED is used in the development of parks; residential and commercial projects; schools; transit stations; and parking lots to reduce the number of calls for service. The reduced call volume may favorably impact response times. CPTED includes the use of four primary strategies: Providing natural access control into areas; Improving natural surveillance (i.e., i Maintaining and managing a property to reduce crime and disorder; and Using territorial reinforcement to distinguish private space from public space. City of Chula Vista56 2.8.2.1.Emergency Response Program A Citywide emergency response program provides the framework for responding to any type of emergency or disaster that mightoccur in Chula Vista. Accomplishing efficient emergency response involves coordination with other agencies regarding disaster preparedness; preparation and regular updatesof the emergency operationsplan; education of residents and businesses about the plan and about evacuation routes; and periodic training of City staff and other emergency response staff to effectively implement the plan. 2.8.2.2.Post-EmergencyResponse In the event of disasters and emergencies, a swift and efficient response minimizes injuries,casualties, and property damage. Planning post-disaster operations ensures the safety, health, and welfare of residents by allowing critical operations to continue as expeditiously and efficiently as possible following a catastrophic event. The post-disasteranalysis will help theCity improve safety plans and responses. 2.8.2.3.Exposure Control Plan Chula Vista Fire Department is updating the 2023 Exposure Control plan, which complieswith Title 8, California Code of Regulations, Section 5193: Bloodborne Pathogens; Section 5199: Aerosol Transmissible Disease; Cal OSHA Tuberculosis Control Enforcement Guidelines and any such subsequent code or regulations aimed at reducing occupational exposure to potentially communicable pathogens. This plan: Outlines and summarizes the requirements of the cited standards. Evaluates routine tasks and procedures in the workplace that involves exposure to bloodborne, airborne and OPIM, identifies workers performing such tasks and uses a variety of methods to reduce risks. Establishes field guidelines for pre-hospital care personnel, outline engineering and work practice controls, personal protective equipment, housekeeping procedures, and post-exposure evaluations to comply with the standard and communicate hazards to applicable personnel and assist in minimizing the risk of being exposed, contracting and/or spreading communicable disease. Establishes guidelines for the management of fire department personnel, who in the line of duty, may be exposed to or contract a communicable disease. Informs emergency responders of the risks of occupational exposure to blood/airborne pathogens and aerosol-transmissiblediseases and how to reduce those risks. 2.8.3.Public Safety Services In the City of Chula Vista, fire protection and emergency medical services are provided by the Chula Vista Fire Department, and law enforcement services are provided by the Chula Vista Police Department. Fire stations are dispersed throughout the City, while police facilities are centered in headquarters in downtown Chula Vista. The current Fire Station Master Plan calls for 11fire stations. The number and location of future fire stations, along with how they are equipped, may change.The City is currently developing the Bayfront property, which will call for the development of an additional fire station (number 12). City of Chula Vista57 To maintain ahigh level of dependable, competent fire protection and emergency medical services for the City, several strategies will continue to be employed. The City will continue to use a growth-related service standard to help determine if public safety is adequately protected. Fire Department staffing and equipment will continue to be expanded, as needed, to meet the service standard and to minimize hazards to the firefighters and public, in conformance with changes to the updated Fire StationMaster Plan. The Fire Department will continue to enhance its capabilities and staffing through mutual aid agreements with fire departments in the surrounding communities. Similar strategies also facilitate the provision of law enforcement services that meet the City's needs. The department will continue to monitor calls for service, analyze crime statistics and resident survey data, and make changes in staffing and patrols to reflect the growing community's needs. Effective fire protection and emergency medical and law enforcement services require two-way relationships with the community. Staff must understand the unique needs and conditions in the community and the community must lend support to the various programs and efforts of the Police Department and Fire Department. The City encourages active participation by Fire and Police Departments in all facets of communitylife, including involvement in area businessand senior/youth activities. 2.8.3.1.Keeping Pace with Growth The City of Chula Vista has experienced significant residential growth over the last decade. The majority of new growth has occurred in the east, where continued relatively high growth is expected in the coming years, along with density increases in the west. Fire protection, emergency medical services, and police services will need to expand to match the demand brought on by this anticipated growth. While fire stations are located throughout the City, the Police Department maintains one police headquarters, located in the western portion of the City. If appropriate, the department could establish satellite storefront offices to provide a presence in other neighborhoods. 2.8.4.Evacuation Routes In the event of a significant emergency, clear routes are needed to ensure that emergency responders and supplies can be transported and that community members can be evacuated. Evacuation efforts depend on the severity and type of hazard incident that is occurring. In some cases, people may have a day or two to prepare, while other situations might call for an immediate evacuation. Evacuation routes include major roadways and thoroughfares intended to transport people from areas impacted by hazardous events to areas of safety. There may be occasions when a limited-scaleevacuation is the appropriate response to an emergency situation. Under these circumstances, people should be evacuated to neighborhood and community schools, hospitals, and public facilities, where they could receive adequate care and treatment. In the event of a major disaster, where a large part of the City may require evacuation, the following circulation routes may be usedand are depicted in Figure 19: Interstate 5; Interstate 805; State Route 54; and State Route 125 E, H, J and L Streets; Bonita Road; Telegraph Canyon Road; Olympic Parkway Naples, Palomar and Main Streets; Orange Avenue City of Chula Vista58 Broadway; Fourth Avenue; Hilltop Drive; Oleander Avenue; Third Avenue; Melrose Avenue; Otay Lakes Road; and Heritage Road Evacuation routes effectively include all improved (paved) roads within the City. Unpaved roads may be used in an evacuation as a last resort but should not be relied on as a primary evacuation route. Local streets typically serveas direct access for adjacentresidential and commercial developmentand while they are not designed to accommodate high traffic volumes, they serve limited development areas and are rarely required to handle traffic flows that would exceed their capacities, even under full evacuation conditions. For the purposes of evacuation planning, the designated evacuation route street network includes roadways that are classified as collectors and above including the following: 1.Freeways/Highways 2.Major Roadways 3.Gateway Streets 4.Urban Arterials 5.Commercial Boulevard 6.Neighborhood & Local Streets (in select areas) Designated evacuation routes are the most reliable roadway facilities for the following reasons: These roads are designed to accommodate higher volumes of traffic in-line with their classifications. Access controls are more stringent on roads of higher classification. Intersection controls are designed to prioritize travel on roads of higher classification. Roadway maintenance policies prioritize roads of higher classification. Primary evacuation routes are identified inFigure 19. Note that evacuation routes shown are to gateway exit points located at or near the City boundary. In addition, SR-125 is identified as animportant evacuation route, and while it is a toll road under emergencyevacuation conditions it is presumed the evacuees would be able to access the highway without penalty or fees. Evacuation route vulnerability can be expressed from several perspectives. The most direct expression of route vulnerability deals with physical features along an evacuation route that can be damaged during emergency scenarios and cause the evacuation route to be disrupted and unusable. These physical features include: Bridges (over rivers, creeks, and other drainage features) Bridges (creating grade separated roadways) Low points along the route that are prone to flooding Route locations along steep natural slopes that are prone to landslides City of Chula Vista59 Figure 19: Evacuation RoutesMap City of Chula Vista60 Figure 20 depicts physical features such as bridge structures along primary evacuation routes that may impede an evacuation if damaged at the time of an emergency which require an evacuation. The Vulnerability Assessment (separate cover) summarizes all of the critical facilities throughout. Evacuation route vulnerability can also be expressed in terms of vulnerability to residents where development areas are isolated and/or areas that have access to only one evacuation route. These areas are a concern and require additional advanced planning to address emergency scenarios where an evacuation is needed, and the single evacuation route may be blocked or damaged and cannot be used. Also shown in Figure 20 arethose residential development areas (neighborhoods) that have only one access point to a primary evacuationroute. These neighborhoods were identified after a thorough review of various City-wide maps and aerialphotographsand include residential developments that may be access constrained during an evacuation. If a neighborhood takes directaccess to another roadway and that roadway funnels to more than one designated evacuation route, it would not be considered vulnerable. Similarly, if a neighborhood does take direct access to a designated evacuation route with only one way in and out, this would be considered a vulnerable neighborhood. In an evacuation scenario, these neighborhoods could be exposed to an increased risk due to the lack of multiple egress opportunities and should be given earlier evacuation consideration. City of Chula Vista61 Figure 20: Evacuation Route Vulnerable Neighborhoods City of Chula Vista62 City of Chula Vista63