Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutAgenda Package - BOAAS_Feb28_2022 . Date:February 28, 2022 Time:5:15 p.m. Location:Council Chambers, 276 Fourth Avenue, Chula Vista, CA Welcome to your Board of Appeals and Advisors Meeting! The Board of Appeals and Advisors has transitioned back to holding live, in-person meetings. Public Comments: Public comments may be submitted to the Board of Appeals and Advisors in the following ways: In-Person comments during the meeting. Join us for the Board of Appeals and Advisors meeting at the time and location specified on this agenda to make your comments. Please visit www.chulavistaca.gov/boardmeetings for current mask requirements and other safety protocols. • Submit an eComment. Visit www.chulavistaca.gov/boardmeetings, locate this meeting, and click on the comment bubble icon. Click on the item you wish to comment on, and then click on "Leave Comment." The commenting period will close one hour before the meeting. All comments will be made available to the Board and the public. • Mail or email comments. Submit comments via email to BOAA@chulavistaca.gov or by mail to Board of Appeals and Advisors, 276 Fourth Ave, Chula Vista, CA 91910. Please send comments early; written comments received within one hour of the meeting may not be distributed until the following day. • Accessibility: Individuals with disabilities are invited to request modifications or accommodations in order to access and/or participate in a Board of Appeals and Advisors meeting by contacting the Development Services Department at BOAA@chulavistaca.gov (California Relay Service is available for the hearing impaired by dialing 711) at least forty-eight hours in advance of the meeting. Pages 1.CALL TO ORDER 2.ROLL CALL Commissioners, Ehm, Iuli, Sclafani, and Chair Combs 3.CONSENT CALENDAR The Board will enact the Consent Calendar staff recommendations by one motion, without discussion, unless a Board Member, a member of the public, or staff requests that an item be removed for discussion. If you wish to speak on any item, please fill out a "Request to Speak" form and submit it to the Secretary prior to the meeting or submit an electronic comment per the instructions on page one of this agenda. Items pulled from the Consent Calendar will be discussed immediately following the Consent Calendar. 3.1.Approval of Meeting Minutes 4 Recommended Action: Approve the minutes of February 10, 2020. 4.PUBLIC COMMENTS Persons may address the Board on any subject matter within the Board's jurisdiction that is not listed as an item on the agenda. State law generally prohibits the Board from discussing or taking action on any issue not included on the agenda, but, if appropriate, the Board may schedule the topic for future discussion or refer the matter to staff. If you wish to speak on any item, please fill out a "Request to Speak" form and submit it to the Secretary prior to the meeting or submit an electronic comment per the instructions on page one of this agenda. 5.ACTION ITEMS The Item(s) listed in this section of the agenda will be considered individually by the Board and are expected to elicit discussion and deliberation. If you wish to speak on any item, please fill out a "Request to Speak" form and submit it to the Secretary prior to the meeting or submit an electronic comment per the instructions on page one of this agenda. 5.1. Elect new Chair and Vice Chair for fiscal year 2021/22. Recommended Action: Board elect new Chair and Vice Chair. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 2 of 950 5.2.AN APPEAL TO CITY’S DETERMINATION ALLOWING THE USE OF PVC PIPING FOR A DRAIN, WASTE VENT SYSTEM, THE USE OF A PROVENT SINGLE STACK SYSTEM, AS AN ALTERNATE DESIGN, MATERIAL METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION FOR GAYLORD PACIFIC RESORT HOTEL CONVENTION CENTER 6 Recommended Action: Uphold the City’s determination allowing the use of PVC Piping for a Drain, Waste and Vent System, and the use of a ProVent Single Stack System, as an Alternate Design, Material and Method of Construction for the Gaylord Pacific Resort Hotel and Convention Center. OTHER BUSINESS 6.STAFF COMMENTS 7.CHAIR'S COMMENTS 8.BOARD MEMBERS' COMMENTS 9.ADJOURNMENT To the regular meeting on March 14, 2022 in the Development Services Conference Room 137, Chula Vista, California. Materials provided to the Board of Appeals and Advisors related to any open- session item on this agenda are available for public review by contacting the Development Services Department at BOA@chulavistaca.gov. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 3 of 950 Page 1 | Board of Appeals & Advisors Minutes February 10, 2020 MINUTES OF A REGULAR MEETING OF THE BOARD OF APPEALS & ADVISORS OF THE CITY OF CHULA VISTA February 10, 2020 5:15 p.m. A Regular Meeting of the Board of Appeals & Advisors of the City of Chula Vista was called to order at 5:15 p.m. in Conference Room 137, located at Public Service Bldg. “B”, Chula Vista, California ROLL CALL PRESENT: Member Doria, Ehm, Iuli, Vice-Chair Sclafani and Chair Combs ABSENT: All were present ALSO PRESENT: Lou El-Khazen, Building Official, Cory Downs, Conservation Specialists, Eric Engelman of Energy Policy Consulting and Recording Secretary Ramos CONSENT CALENDAR ITEMS REMOVED FROM THE CONSENT CALENDAR There were none. PUBLIC COMMENTS None ACTION ITEMS 1. Approval of Minutes: October 14, 2019 Staff recommendation: Board approves the minutes. ACTION: Member Sclafani made a motion to approve the minutes Member Ehm seconded the motion and it carried by the following vote Yes: 5 No: 0 2. ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF CHULA VISTA AMENDING CHAPTER 15.26 OF THE CHULA VISTA MUNICIPAL CODE TO ESTABLISH MANDATORY ENERGY UPGRADE REQUIREMENTS FOR ADDITIONS AND REMODELS TO SINGLE FAMILY HOMES Staff recommendation: Recommend to City Council the adoption of the ordinance. Cory Downs, Conservation Specialist presented on the City of Chula Vista Existing Home Energy Sustainability Ordinance Overview 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 4 of 950 Page 2 | Board of Appeals & Advisors Minutes February 10, 2020 After the presentation and further deliberation, the board members voted to recommend to City Council the adoption of the Ordinance of the City of Chula Vista Amending Chapter 15.26 of the Chula Vista Municipal Code to Establish Mandatory Energy Upgrade Requirements for Additions and Remodels to Single Family Homes. ACTION: Member Ehm made a motion to approve the Ordinance Member Doria seconded the motion and it carried by the following vote Yes: 4 No: 1 3. OTHER BUSINESS 4. STAFF COMMENTS None. 5. CHAIR’S COMMENTS- Thanked staff for their time and efforts. 6. BOARD MEMBERS’ COMMENTS None. ADJOURNMENT Chair Combs made a motion to adjourn the meeting. Member Sclafani seconded the motion and it carried by the following vote Yes: 5 No: 0 At 6:32 p.m., Chair Combs adjourned the meeting to a Regular Meeting on March 9, 2020 at 5:15 p.m. in Conference Room 137 located at Public Service Bldg “B”, 276 Fourth Avenue, Chula Vista, California. ________________________________ Claudia Ramos, Recording Secretary 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 5 of 950 BOARD OF APPEALS AND ADVISORS Meeting Date: 02/28/2022 ITEM TITLE AN APPEAL TO CITY’S DETERMINATION ALLOWING THE USE OF PVC PIPING FOR A DRAIN, WASTE A ND VENT SYSTEM, AND THE USE OF A PROV ENT S INGLE STACK SYSTEM, AS AN ALTERNATE DESIGN , MATERIAL AND METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION FOR THE GAYLORD PACIFIC RESORT HOTEL AND CONVENTION CENTER Submitted By Lou El-Khazen, Building Officia l Justin Gipson, Fire Division Chief/Fire Marsh al Recommended Action Uphold the City’s determination allowing the use of PVC Piping for a Drain, Waste and Vent System, and the use of a ProVent Single Stack System, as an Alternate Design, Material and Method of C onstruction for the Gaylord Pacific R esort Hotel a nd C onvention Center. SUMMARY A request was submitted to the City by HOWE ENGINEERS on behalf of HKS Architects requesting approval of the use of Polyvinyl Chloride plastic piping for drain, wa ste and vent (PVC -DWV ) as an alternate material, and the use of t he ProVent Single Stack system (ProVent ) as an alternative engineered design and engineered vent system. Based on the City’s findings, the City approved the use of the PVC -DWV piping and ProVent. The law firm of ADAMS BROADWELL JOSEPH & CARDOZO, on behalf of the S outhern California Pipe Tra des District Council 16, appealed the City’s determination. DISCUSSION The 2015 Uniform Plumbing Code (the “2015 UPC ”), which is the base code for the 2016 California Plumbing Code (the “2016 CPC ”), along with other model codes throughout the country, allows the use of approved plastic piping material without building height restrictions . For Ca lifornia adopted codes, the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), when adopting the 2016 CPC , amended Sect ion 701.2 of the 2015 UPC , to limit the use of plastic piping for drain, waste and vent to “not more than t wo stories of areas of residential accommodation.” Before 1999, the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC ) restricted the use of plastic piping in fire-resistive buildings. In the 2000 code, the UPC was modified to a llow unlimited use of plastic pipe in construction of all type . An article in the Plumbing & Mechanical Engineers magazine published in 2003 and titled “Plastic Pipe and Fire Safety” discusses the histor y of plastic pipe regulat ions and the advancement in testing a nd fire protection systems, materials and methods , and the acceptance of plastic pipe systems in fire-resistive construction (Attachment 1). 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 6 of 950 Board of Appeals and Advisors Page 2 of 5 Meeting Date 02/28/2022 The Gaylord Pacific Resort Hotel and Convention Cent er (the “Project ”) includes a 22-story guestroom tower being reviewed under the 2016 California building codes, the codes that were in effect at time of building permit application. A request was s ubmitted to the City by HOWE ENGINEERS on behalf of HKS Architects requesting approval of the use of PVC -DWV plastic piping for drain, waste and vent as an alternate material, and the use of ProVent as an alternative engineered design and engineered vent system; report titled “PVC-DWV PIPING AND GUESTROOM ENGINEERED VENT SYSTEM ALTERNATE MATERIALS & METHODS R EPORT”, prepared by HOWE ENGI NEERS and dated October 15, 2021 (the “Report ”). (Attachment 2). Based on the City’s review of the submitted Report as well as the applicable provisions of the 2016 CPC and t he 2016 California Building Code (the “2016 CBC ”); and based on the City’s research and prior discus sions with State agencies, building officials and building code writing organizations, and other jurisdictions in California, the City approved the use of t he PVC-DWV and ProVent . The City’s approval letter, “REQUEST TO ALLOW THE USE OF PVC PIPING FOR DRAIN, WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM, AND THE USE OF PROVENT SINGLE STACK SYSTEM, AS AN ALTERNATE DESIGN AND MATEERIAL FOR THE GAYLORD PACIFIC RESORT AND CONVENTION C ENTER”, dated November 10, 2021, outlines the City’s findings of approva l (Attachment 3). On December 9, 2021, the law firm of ADAMS BROADWELL JOSEPH & CARDOZO, on behalf of the Souther n California Pipe Tra des District Council 16 (the “Appellant ”), appealed the City’s determination. The appeal letter and supporting documents are a ttached (Attachment 4). The Appellant claims that : 1) the 2016 CPC prohibits the use of PVC -DWV in resident ia l buildings over two stories in height and that local jurisdictions cannot allow the use of PVC -DWV as an alternate method and material because it is not equiva lent to other UPC approved materials in performance, safety, and protection of life and healt h; 2) the ProVent system “is neither CPC -approved, nor does it meet the requirements for approval as an alternate material, design, or method of construction”; and 3) the approval of the ProVent system for this Project as an alternate material is subject to California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) review. The City’s position a nd findings regarding these claims are as follows: The Use of PVC -DWV in Residential Buildings Over Two Stories in Height The 2015 UPC , which is the base code for the 2016 CPC , along with other model codes throughout the country, allows the use of approved plastic piping material without building height restrictions . When adopting the 2016 CPC , HCD amended Section 701.2 of t he 2015 UPC , to limit the use of plastic piping for drain, waste and vent to “not more than two stories of areas of residential a ccommodation.” HCD’s limitation does not consider the building ’s type of construction, provided fire protection a nd life safety systems, or any enhance d fire protect ion and life safety measures. Pursuant to 2016 CPC Section 1.8.7, “Alternate Materials, Designs , Tests, and Methods of Construction”, the local building department is authorized to approve alternates if the alternates comply with s et procedures and limitations outlined in 2016 CPC Section 1.8.7.2.1 (Attachment 5). Section 1.8.7.2.1(2) states that “Evidence shall be submitted to substantiate claims that the proposed alternate, in performance, safety, and protec tion of life and health, conforms to, or is at least equivalent to, the standards contained in this code and other rules and regulations promulgated by t he Departme nt of Housing and Community Development.” 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 7 of 950 Board of Appeals and Advisors Page 3 of 5 Meeting Date 02/28/2022 It is well known in the industry that HCD’s amendment to the 2015 UPC is no longer justified especially in fire-resistive cons truction. Years of data and research, and fire incident data , indicate that the use of plastic piping, when installed within fire resistive rated wall and floor cavities and using approved fire stopping materials and methods, and installed in fire rated non-combustible buildings with r obust life safety systems, do not increase the risk of fire or fire s pread. In prior discussions wit h HCD on this issue, HCD acknowledged that the limitation is no longer justified and tha t local jurisdictions may allow the use of PVC -DWV as an alternate material, designs, tests, and methods of construction as stipulated in Section 1.8.7 of the CPC. The Project ’s guestroom tower is of Type I A const ruction (non-combustible fire rated construction), fire sprinklered throughout, has a fire alarm system throughout and has a smoke control sys tem. In addition, emergency egress systems are designed with capacities that exceed minimum code compliance by 150%. Furthermore, the use of PVC -DWV has been approved by jurisdictions throughout California , including neighboring jurisdictions , as an alternate material and method of construction in residential buildings over two-stories including high-rise residential building s and hotels. Based on the above noted reasoning, with regards to the use of PVC -DWV , the City finds “that the proposed alternat e, in performance, safety, and protection of life and health, conforms to, or is at least equivalent to, the standards containe d in the 2016 CPC and 2016 CBC, and other rules and regulations promulgated by the Department of Housing and Community Development.” The Use of ProVent System as an Alternative Engineered Design and Engineered Vent System The ProVent System is an engineered system that uses a proprietary aerator and deaerator fittings to connect a single combined soil and vent pipe in a common ris er that elimina tes the need for a separate vent pipe. The system, which is based on a similar single-stack system, Sovent, has been in use for many years and has demonstrated reliable performance, and has been approved by jurisdictions in the region and throug hout California and the United States. Educational literature, “ProV ent Plumbing Fundamentals ” is attached (Attachment 6). Section 301.5 of the 2016 CPC , Alternate Engineered Design, states “An alternative engineered design shall comply with the inte nt of the provisions of this code and shall provide an equivalent level of qua lity, strength, effectiveness, fire resistance, durability and safety. Material, equipment or components shall be designed and installed in accordance with the manufacturer ’s ins tallation instructions.” (Attachment 7). In addition, 2016 CPC Section 912, “Eng ineered Vent System”, states “The design and sizing of a vent system s hall be permitted to be determined by accepted engineering practices . The system shall be designed by a re gist ered des ign professional and approved in accordance with Section 301.5”, (Attachment 8). I t is the City’s, as well as other local jurisdictions position, t hat the 2016 CPC allows the review and approval by local jurisdictions if the design complies wit h the provisions of these s ections . To further confirm the City’s position, t he C ity reached out to IAPMO (I nternational Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials), the publisher of the UPC, and discussed the issue. IAPMO representative confirmed that the UPC allows alternative engineered systems and engineered vent systems , such as ProVent , to be reviewed and approved by local jurisdictions if the alternative eng ineered system complies with the requirements of Section 301.5 and Section 912.1 of the UPC. In addition, a letter from ProVent Systems, Inc. addresses this issue and other relevant issues raised in the Appella nt’s letter (Attachment 9). 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 8 of 950 Board of Appeals and Advisors Page 4 of 5 Meeting Date 02/28/2022 Furt hermore, the ProVent system fittings are listed by IAPMO to IAPMO Standard I GC 67-2014e1, Specializ ed ABS and PV C Fittings . ProVent specialized fitting s are certified by ICC -ES (International Code Council – Evaluation Services), PMG-1286, as in compliance with the various plumbing codes including the UPC, and in compliance with IAPMO standard IGC 67-2014e1. ProVent fittings are marked with the IAPMO/UPC insignia . If ProVent is not allowed by the UPC as an alternative engineered design and engineered vent system, IAPMO and ICC would not have listed/certified the ProVent fittings. Based on our review of the submit ted Report and following the code sections as not ed above, it is the City’s opinion that the proposed alternative engineered design and engineered vent system, in performance, safety, and protection of life and health, confor ms to, or is at least equivalent to, the standards contained in the 2016 CPC and 2016 CBC, and other rules and regulations promulgat ed by t he Department of Housing and Community Development. The Approval is Subject to CEQA Review The Appellant claims tha t the approval of the ProVent system as an alternate material is subject to CEQA. The City disagrees for the following reasons: The request to use the ProVent system was submitted in conjunction with and under the auspices of a building permit application. Pursuant to CEQA Guidelines section 15268 a building permit is considered ministerial, as opposed to discretionary. Pursuant to Public Resources Code 21080 ministerial actions proposed to be carried out by public agencies are not subject to CEQA review. In a ddition, CEQA Guidelines section 15061(b)(3) provides that CEQA only covers projects which have the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment and where it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the activit y in question may have a significant effect on the environment, the activity is not subject to CEQA. Conclusion The Cit y disagrees with the claims made by the Appellant that : 1) local jurisdiction cannot allow the use of PVC -DWV as an alternate method and materia l because it is not equiva lent to other UPC approved materials in performance, safety, and protection of life and health; 2) the ProVent system “is neither CPC -approved, nor does it meet the requirements for approval as an alternate material, design, or method of cons truc tion”; and 3) the approval of the ProVent system as an alternate material is subject to CEQA review. The City’s posit ion is that the C PC allows the approval of the PVC -DWV as an alternate material and method of construction, and t he approval of ProVent as an alternative engineered design and engineered vent system. Based on the City’s review of the applicable provisions of the 2016 CPC and the 2016 CBC as well as the submitted Report; a nd based on the City’s research and prior discussions with State agencies, building officials and building code writing organizations, and other jurisdictions in California , it is the City’s position that the proposed alternate material and method of const ruction and the alternative engineered design and eng ineered vent system, in performance, safety, and protection of life and health, conforms to, or is at least equivalent to, the standards contained in the 2016 CPC and 2016 CBC, and other rules and regula tions promulgated by t he Department of Housing and Community Development. Furthermore, it is the City’s position that allowing the use of the PVC - DWV and ProVent under the building permit is not subject to C EQA review. Attachments: 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 9 of 950 Board of Appeals and Advisors Page 5 of 5 Meeting Date 02/28/2022 1. Article in the Plumbing & Mechanical Engineers magazine published in 2003 and titled “Plastic Pipe and Fire Safety” 2. Report titled “PVC-DWV PIPING AND GUESTROOM ENGINEERED VENT SYSTEM ALTERNATE MATERIALS & METHODS R EPORT”, prepared by H OWE ENGI NEERS and dat ed October 15, 2021. 3. City’s approval letter, “REQUEST TO ALLOW THE USE OF PVC PIPING FOR DRAIN, WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM, AND THE USE OF PROVENT SINGLE STACK SYSTEM, AS AN ALTERNATE DESIGN AND MATEERIAL FOR THE GAYLORD PACIFIC RESORT AND CONVENTION C ENTER”, dated November 10, 2021. 4. Appeal letter from the law firm of ADAMS BROADWELL JOSEPH & CARDOZO, titled “Appeal of Approved Request to Allow PVC for Drain, Waste and Vent System, and Provent Single Stack System, as an Alternate Des ign and Material for the Gaylord Pacific Resort and Convention Center”, dated December 8, 2021, and supporting documents. 5. Section 1.8.7 of the 2016 California Plumbing Code, “Alternate Materials, Designs, Tests, and Methods of Construction.” 6. Educational literature, “ProV ent Systems Plumbing Fundamentals .” 7. Section 301.5 of the 2016 California Plumbing Code, “Alternate Engineered Design.” 8. Section 912 of the California Plumbing Code, “Eng ineered Vent System.” 9. Letter from ProVent Systems, Inc., “Alternate Request to Us e ProVent Systems for the Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center Project in Chula Vista .” 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 10 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 11 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 12 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 13 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 14 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 15 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 16 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 17 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 18 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 19 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 20 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 21 of 950 PVC-DWV P IPING AND G UESTROOM E NGINEERED V ENT S YSTEM A LTERNATE M ATERIALS & M ETHODS R EPORT GAYLORD PACIFIC RESORT & CONVENTION CENTER CHULA VISTA, CALIFORNIA Prepared for: Prepared by: SUBMITTED : OCTOBER 1 5, 2021 101 Longwater Circle, Suite 203 Norwell, MA 02061 Phone: 781.878.3500 Fax: 781.878.3551 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 22 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 15, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 2 of 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS ............................................................................................................ 3 RELEVANT CODE REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................. 3 PROPOSED ALTERNATE MATERIALS & METHODS ..................................................................................... 4 ALTERNATE MATERIAL: PROVENT & PVC PIPING SYSTEM ............................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. ALTERNATE METHOD JUSTIFICATION ........................................................................................................................ 5 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 APPENDICIES APPENDIX A - PROVENT DWV SYSTEM APPENDIX B – PLASTIC PIPE AND FIRE SAFETY APPENDIX C – EXAMPLE FIRE STOP DETAILS 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 23 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 3 of 10 INTRODUCTION Gaylord Hotels is expanding their existing Resort Chain with a new hotel and convention center property located in Chula Vista, California. The project includes a 22-story hotel guestroom tower and four (4) level convention center. The convention center portion of the building is fully separated from the hotel tower by a 2-hour fire barrier. The guestroom tower is a high-rise with 22 stories and is approximately 224 feet in height and is classified as a high-rise building. The guestroom tower has a gross building area of approximately 1,011,253 square feet and is used primarily for hotel guest rooms and circulation space. As part of the project, the plumbing designers are proposing an engineered vent system serving the high-rise guestroom tower. The proposed engineered vent system consisting of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) plastic piping and fittings for the drain, waste, and vents (DWV) serving the guestroom tower. The proposed system is a ProVent System and is being submitted as an alternate design method in accordance with 2016 California Plumbing Code (CPC), Section 301.3 & 1.8.7 as it relates to the use of PVC piping in a residential building over two-stories. APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS The design of the project complies with the 2016 Edition of the California Codes as listed below. · 2016 California Building Code (CBC) – Title 24, Part 2, Volumes 1 and 2 o Building Code Errata Effective January 1, 2017 and September 1, 2017 o Building Code Emergency Supplement Effective January 30, 2017, December 13, 2017 and April 18, 2018 o Building Code Supplement Effective July 1, 2018 · 2016 California Plumbing Code (CPC) – Title 24 Part 5 o (2015 Uniform Plumbing Code, with local amendments) o Plumbing Code Supplements Effective July 1, 2018 o Plumbing Code Errata Effective January 1, 2017 o CWoRE Supplement Effective August 17, 2019 · ASTM D2665 Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste and Vent (DWV) Pipe and Fittings RELEVANT CODE REQUIREMENTS The 2015 Uniform Plumbing code, which serves as the basis for the CPC, stipulates that the materials used for above ground sanitary drainage and vent piping (DWV) may be ABS, cast iron, copper, galvanized steel, PVC, Stainless Steel, or other approved materials having a smooth and uniform bore per table 701.2, without any height restrictions. The 2016 California Plumbing Code amended these allowable materials to limit the use of PVC within residential construction that are not more than two stories in height, CPC sections 701.2(2)(a), 903.1.1 and 1101.4. It is important to note this California Plumbing Code amendment is specific to residential buildings and does not apply to buildings with occupancies such as business, assembly, storage, etc. which would be allowed the use of PVC vent piping within buildings of 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 24 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 4 of 10 any height. In addition, the amendment does not consider credits for the buildings type of construction, whether fire protection systems or any other life safety systems are provided, or other enhanced building construction requirements. PROPOSED ALTERNATE MATERIALS & METHODS The 2016 California Plumbing Code (CPC), Section 301.3 & 1.8.7 allows the building official the authority to approve an alternate use of “systems, methods or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety over those prescribed by this code.” The Alternate Design is proposing the use of an engineered ProVent stack system. This engineered ProVent system consists of proprietary fittings that connect to PVC DWV piping to allow combination venting and drainage to work properly within a single stack by controlling flow velocity (Appendix A – ProVent DWV system). Since the proposed system utilizes PVC piping material in a residential building over two-stories in height an alternate method approach is required. The proposed alternate method utilizes PVC-DWV sanitary and vent piping for the guestroom tower only and does not include the assembly podium levels. The proposed ProVent system and PVC-DWV piping will be installed within rated wall cavities and above guestroom ceilings not utilized for return air plenums. All through/membrane penetrations of rated assemblies will be protected as required with approved fire stopping assemblies, in accordance with the Building Code. This alternate materials and method report demonstrates that when properly installed with approved fire stopping assemblies and the building construction and life safety systems proposed, PVC piping does not provide any increased risk for fire or fire spread and is a suitable material for the engineered vent system. One of the primary concerns with PVC piping material is whether it may increase the risk of fire spread and toxicity within the building during a fire event. This general industry concern has been researched and addressed in many studies dating back to the 1970’s, including a report titled “Plastic Pipe and Fire Safety” submitted to the NFPA Fire Journal, by Dr. Joseph B. Zicherman (see Appendix B – Plastic Pipe and Fire Safety). This report provides research and findings from several resources, including NFPA, and includes results from ASTME-119 fire testing and hose stream tests that demonstrate plastic-piping materials will generally either burn away and char at the wall line or melt and drop into the wall cavity and did not result in additional flame propagation to other areas when properly fire stopped. In addition, the report provides data from several actual fire scenarios where plastic piping within wall cavities was only charred, melted, or unharmed. This is primarily due to the fact that in typical construction the plumbing piping is installed behind the walls and ceiling construction that form boundary layer that provides an inherent fire resistance rating of 15 minutes or more (i.e. a single sheet of gypsum board), preventing direct flame impingement. These findings are consistent with the over five decades of US fire incident data and research, which shows that there is no unique hazard or relationship linking plastic piping to unusual fire ignition for fire spread. The proposed Gaylord building is designed as Type IA construction and classified as a “Mixed-Use Occupancy” in accordance with the CBC section 508.1, with principal occupancies of Group A-2 assembly for the Convention side and R-1 Residential for the hotel guestroom tower. The Type IA building is also designed with guestroom separations and corridors that have a fire-resistance rating of not less than a 1-hour fire partition. The structural frame, bearing walls and floor construction of the Type IA building are all noncombustible and provide between 2-3 hour fire resistance ratings. These construction features, coupled with the 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 25 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 5 of 10 building being fully sprinklered, drastically limits the size and severity of a fire and even further reduces the exposure of the PVC piping within the walls and ceiling. ALTERNATE METHOD JUSTIFICATION The PVC piping serving the engineered vent system will be installed within walls or above bathroom ceilings that are not used as return air plenums. In addition, all piping penetrations of the rated wall and floor assemblies will be protected with a membrane or through penetration fire stopping assembly in accordance with the building code. To further support and justify the use of the engineered vent system, including PVC piping, the design team is proposing the following design elements to be included within the project design: · ProVent PVC Piping o The PVC piping within the proposed engineered vent system shall be Scheduled 40 piping. This is consistent with the California Plumbing Code requirement for DWV pipe and fittings in non-residential high-rise buildings. o All piping penetrations of the rated wall and floor assemblies will be protected with a membrane or through penetration fire stopping assembly in accordance with the building code. A large variety of firestop systems have been developed over the past several years which allow PVC DWV piping to be installed in fire- resistive assemblies (Appendix C – Example Firestop Details). Approved firestop systems are based on test results developed by nationally recognized testing laboratories, using either the ASTM E 119 or ASTM E 814 test method. Firestopping systems and devices have been tested for specific barrier ratings, barrier materials, barrier thickness, piping materials, pipe sizes, and annular spaces. The resulting F and T ratings apply to those systems or devices when used as tested. · Building Construction: o The building is designed as Type IA construction.  The California Plumbing Code does not consider the building construction type. Specifically, the amendment for use of PVC piping is limited to number of stories only and does not consider whether the building is built of wood or noncombustible construction with fire rated building elements. The proposed building is constructed of the most restrictive type of construction and will provide 3-hour fire resistance rated columns, and 2-hour fire resistance rated floor construction. This type of construction plays a significant role in compartmentalizing any fire event within the building. o The guestroom floors are designed with 1-hour rated corridors and 1-hour rated guestroom separations.  The California Plumbing Code does not consider fire resistance rated separations. The ProVent system piping is being installed within these rated wall assemblies, providing a barrier separation between the guestrooms and piping. In addition, please note the corridor walls for each floor are only required to be 30-minute fire partitions, with 20-minute fire rated doors. Therefore, the 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 26 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 6 of 10 proposed corridor wall design exceeds minimum code compliance by providing 1-hour fire partitions with 20-minute door assemblies. · Fire and Life Safety Systems o Automatic Sprinkler Systems  The building is designed with an automatic sprinkler system throughout in accordance with the Building Code. The automatic sprinkler system is not considered in the California Plumbing Code and is an active life safety system designed to control potential fire events. According to studies by National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), sprinklers limit flame damage to the room of origin in upwards of 96-percent of fires in which they operated, thereby providing a very effective means to prevent flame impingement on the concealed PVC piping. o Fire Alarm Systems  The building is provided with a complete fire alarm system designed with emergency voice communication. This system also includes smoke detectors located within the guestroom corridors as well as within each sleeping room. The fire alarm system is designed to provide early warning of any potential fire scenario, also something not considered in the California Plumbing Code. o Smoke Control Systems  The guestroom tower is provided with three (3) smokeproof exit enclosures serving all floor levels in the guestroom tower. These smokeproof exit stairs are designed with pressurization systems capable to provide a minimum of 0.05 in. w.g. between the smokeproof stair enclosure and stair vestibule, and a minimum of 0.05 in. w.g. between the stair vestibule and floor corridor.  In addition to the stair pressurization system, each guestroom level corridor is provided with supplemental exhaust to enhance the stair pressurization system design. This supplemental exhaust is not minimally required by code and has been provided by the design team to enhance the stair pressurization systems as well as the ability to maintain a pressure differential between the floor of fire origin and the floors immediately above and below. These pressurization method systems are designed in accordance with Section 909 of the California Building Code and serve to limit the spread of smoke and other toxic gases produced by a fire event to the floor of origin. In addition to the information provided here, it is our understanding similar systems have also been installed within several other high-rise buildings in southern California. Specification, a brief list of multistory residential projects in San Diego utilizing PVC DWV systems is provided below: 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 27 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 7 of 10 CONCLUSION As stated in the referenced report in Appendix B, the use of plastic piping in fire resistance construction is well founded and based on extensive testing, analysis and review. This report presents an alternate material and method to permit the use of PVC DWV piping and Provent system within a residential structure exceeding two stories in height. The UPC, along with other model buildings codes throughout the country (i.e., NFPA & International Plumbing Code) permits PVC DWV piping applications in residential buildings of any height and of any type of construction which has been amended by the CPC to limit the use of PVC to two stories in height for residential buildings. To align the California Plumbing Code with the Universal Plumbing Code, extensive testing in accordance with ASTM E-119 have been conducted and illustrates that PVC does not pose a greater threat to occupants as compared to other types of approved piping systems. In addition, the uses of approved firestopping assemblies, building construction, and life safety systems provided as part of the project design further act to limit the size and severity of a potential fire and even further reduces the exposure of the PVC piping within the walls and ceiling. As a result, we respectively request approval of the proposed engineered vent system for the Gaylord Pacific guestroom tower. Sincerely, Ben Muscente, P.E Associate Principal 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 28 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 8 of 10 APPENDIX A - PROVENT DWV SYSTEM 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 29 of 950 Comparison of ProVent® Design Rules and The International Plumbing Code ProVent Systems® Plumbing Fundamentals Educational Literature 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 30 of 950 Page 2 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Topics and Descriptions Page Interior views of the Stack and Base fittings. 3 Shows the baffles and offsets inside fittings that controls the velocity flows of waste water inside the fittings. Stack Vent Separations of water and air. 4 Shows what the interior waste water and air flows look like when operating at maxi- mum fixture unit chart ratings. Comparing known single stack waste and vent systems. 5 Shows the difference between the single stack method using ProVent fittings with the allowable amount of fixture units compared with the limited fixture units of the IPC sin- gle stack method. Notice the big difference between the 4" and the 5" IPC chart. Conventional waste stack flow velocities. 6 Shows how waste water velocities build up inside conventional stacks without ProVent stack fittings. ProVent base fitting connecting horizontal drains. 7 Shows where fixture openings can be connected at the base of a stack using ProVent and the reasons it can be different from IPC connections. Interior look at the Base fitting and the Pressure Relief Vent. 8 Shows the hydraulic jump at the base of the stack and shows how the Base fitting low- ers the jump and vents the horizontal line. Water flows in designed horizontal branch piping. 9 Shows the interior flow rates of both the ProVent and the conventional IPC method. Lavatory and Sink connections. 10 Shows the ProVent method of connecting this type of fixture without additional venting and the same type of allowance shown in the IPC code. Impact of ProVent System on Plumbing Design and Cost for Back-to-Back Bathrooms 11 Shows the difference between ProVent and conventional plumbing designs for a back-to-back bathroom layout Guide to Contents 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 31 of 950 Page 3 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Stack Inlet Branch Vent Branch Baffle Separation Shield Collection Chamber Stack Outlet Inlet Outlet Nose Baffle (Controls Velocity) Relief Vent (Controls Back Pressure) StackVent BaseVent Velocity Offset Velocity Offset Interior View of the ProVent Fittings Shows How Fittings Control Flow Velocity in the Stack 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 32 of 950 Page 4 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Uncontrolled Flow Velocity in Conventional Waste Stacks Velocity Close to Inlet Open Airway in center of pipe permits normal air flow (up to 20’ vertical drop). Velocity Increases With Vertical Drop The increase in water flow velocity causes the thickness of water flow to build up. Reaches Terminal Velocity The air opening in the center of the pipe is completely closed, forming a water plug. This causes siphonage and backpressure unless the branches are separately vented - requiring a separate vent and revent. Waste Stack 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 33 of 950 Page 5 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc The maximum flow of the branch drainage never exceeds quarter-full flow conditions at the inlet. The stack length never exceeds 20 feet in length without either a StackVent or a velocity breaker offset (See Drawing 1.4 in ProVent Guide). This rule is subject to compliance with the maximum loading by stack as outlined in Chart 3 of the ProVent Guide (shown below) A StackVent is required at every floor when connecting branch piping is 2 1/2” or larger in diameter (See Drawing 1.4 in ProVent Guide) CHART 3: MAXIMUM LOADING BY STACK Stack Size Fixture Units 3” 64 3” (over 7 stories) 102 4” 504 5” 1,010 6” 2,200 Controlled Flow Velocity: ProVent StackVent StackVent StackVent The StackVent maintains the proper air mix. Air 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 34 of 950 Page 6 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc CHART 3: MAXIMUM LOADING BY STACK Stack Size Fixture Units 3” 64 3” (over 7 stories) 102 4” 504 5” 1,010 6” 2,200 A StackVent fitting creates a combination drain and vent for fixtures. The chart below shows the Maximum Loading on the Stack. This is Chart 3 from the ProVent Guide. This type of system has been successfully used for over fifty years starting with Copper Sovent then Cast Iron Sovent and, now, PVC Plastic ProVent. The comparison of the two charts, below, shows the dramatic increase in fixture loading for the ProVent System due to the controlled flow velocity. ProVent PVC StackVent Fitting The IPC “Waste StackVent” The Waste StackVent is one of the terms used for classifying the stack as a combination drain and vent pipe system. This system has been identified by a variety of names including vertical vent, Philadelphia single stack and multiple floor stack venting and is included in the Interna- tional Plumbing Code, Section 910. SIZE OF COMBINATION DRAIN AND VENT PIPE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS (dfu) PIPE DIAMETER Connecting to a hori- zontal branch or stack Connecting to a building drain or building subdrain 2” 3 4 2 1/2” 6 26 3” 12 31 4” 20 50 5” 160 250 6” 360 575 Full Size Stack Vent Separate Connection to Stack (Double Sanitary Tee Permitted) KS (TYP) KS (TYP) Offsets Prohibited Maintains Full Size Throughout its Length IPC Chart 912.3 ProVent Chart Controlling the flow velocities permits more fixture units to discharge into the combination waste and vent Note the large difference in capacity between the 4” and 6” stacks 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 35 of 950 Page 7 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Detail: “A-A” Detail: “B-B” Soil and waste branches can be connected into the building drain between the stack and the relief vent when the connections are made above the center line of the building drain. Pres- sure relief vent must be tied in a minimum of 10 pipe diameters behind the stack. IPC Connections Between the Stack and Fixture Openings There cannot be any horizontal branch connections within 10 pipe diameters from the stack as is shown in the International Plumbing Code Section 704.3—because of the hydraulic jump. This rule would also apply to the ProVent system if the branches could not be connected above the center line of the building drain as shown in the Detail: “B-B”, above. BaseVent A A 4” 3” WC 1-1/2” 1-1/4” LAV 2” 3” B B *First Branch Opening At Least 10 Pipe Diameters Downstream From Stack This option should be done with ProVent when the branch lines cannot connect above the centerline of the building drain. Stack ProVent PVC BaseVent Fitting *First Allowable Branch Opening 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 36 of 950 Page 8 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Controlling the Hydraulic Jump Air Air Air BaseVent Fitting Pressure Relief Line Nose Baffle and Pressure Relief Line Lowers the Hydraulic Jump Minimum Length = 10 times Stack Diameter (Branch connections are allowed in between as long as they are in compliance with diagram , below) The ProVent BaseVent provides a safe transition from vertical to horizontal flow - equalizing pressures and lowering the hydraulic jump. Air Branch Lines Must Enter Above Center Line Minimum Elevation of Pressure Relief Line in Relation to Building Drain Air 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 37 of 950 Page 9 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc ProVent Design Flows in Branch Piping The design flows are in accordance with ProVent Chart 2 and will not fill the branch piping to more than 25% of capacity. See typical layout below. The ProVent Branch Rules are similar to those allowed in the IPC Plumbing Code (see below) Air Waste Water IPC Plumbing Code, Section 911: Circuit Venting Branch is Classified as Vent Circuit Vent The principle behind circuit venting fixtures with a single vent is that the flow of drainage nev- er exceeds half-full piping. Air for venting 7 (maximum) fixtures circulates in the top half of the pipe. The water flow in the branch is designed to prevent siphonage of any of the fixture branches (same as ProVent) in accordance with Section 911. The IPC actually allows more fix- ture branches than ProVent. WC WC TUB 3” StackVent ProVent Stack ProVent Stack 2” TUB LAV 1-1/2” 1-1/4” 2” LAV The side openings discharge into fitting above the centerline. It fits between the stack and the 12” rough water closet ProVent Double Wye Fitting Branch Piping Schematic Back-to-Back Bathrooms 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 38 of 950 Page 10 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc ProVent Lavatory or Sink Connections Section 912.2 IPC Code Combination Drain and Vent 1 1/2” 2” Island Sink drain with 1 1/2” trap and 2” oversized drain, vent and drop is allowed in Section 912.2 Lavatory Or Sink 1 1/4” or 1 1/2” Tailpiece Air ProVent Rule 3.6 Combination Drain and Vent Air 1 1/2” 1 1/4” or 1 1/2” Minimum Trap Waste Water Air 4 feet maximum distance from the trap to the horizontal vent 2” 4 feet maximum distance from the trap to the horizontal vent 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 39 of 950 Page 11 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Impact of the Provent System on Design and Cost for Back-to-Back Bathrooms A ProVent Plumbing System Design A Conventional Plumbing System (IPC) Design 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 40 of 950 Educational Literature ® 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 41 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 9 of 10 APPENDIX B – PLASTIC PIPE AND FIRE SAFETY 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 42 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 43 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 44 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 45 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 46 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 47 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 48 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 49 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 50 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 51 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 52 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 53 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 54 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 55 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 56 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 57 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 58 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 59 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 60 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 61 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 62 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 63 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 64 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 65 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 66 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 67 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 68 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 69 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 70 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 71 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 72 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 73 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 74 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 75 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 76 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 77 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 78 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 79 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 80 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 81 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 82 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 83 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 10 of 10 APPENDIX C – EXAMPLE FIRE STOP DETAILS 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 84 of 950 System No. F-A-2053 SECTION A-A FA 20531. Floor Assembly — Min 2-1/2 in. (64 mm) thick reinforced lightweight or normal weight (100-150 pcf or 1600-2400 kg/m3) concrete. 1A. Floor Assembly - (Optional - Not Shown) — The fire rated unprotected concrete and steel floor assembly shall be constructed of the materials and in the manner specified in the individual D900 Series designs in the UL Fire Resistance Directory and as summarized below: A. Concrete — Min 2-1/2 in (64 mm) thick reinforced lightweight or normal weight (100-150 pcf or 1600-2400 kg/m3) concrete. B. Steel Floor and Form Units* — Composite or non-composite max 3 in. (76 mm) deep galv steel fluted units as specified in the individual Floor-Ceiling Design. 2. Firestop Device* — Cast in place firestop device permanently embedded during concrete placement or grouted in concrete assembly in accordance with accompanying installation instructions. The 3, 4 and 6 in. devices may extend a max 2 in. (51 mm) above the top surface of the concrete. The max extension above the slab for the 2 and 2.5 in. devices is not restricted. HILTI CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS, DIV OF HILTI INC — CP 680-75/2.5"N, CP 680-110/4"N, CP 680-160/6"N, CP 680-P 2", CP 680-P 3", CP 680-P 4", CP 680-P 6" A Reproduced by HILTI, Inc. Courtesy of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. February 27, 2008 F Rating — 2 Hr T Rating — 0 Hr L Rating At Ambient — Less Than 1 CFM/sq ft (See Item 3) L Rating At 400 F — Less Than 1 CFM/sq ft (See Item 3) W Ratings — Class 1 (See Items 3, 4 and 4A)CLAS S IFI E DA Page: 1 of 2 3 2 2 3 1 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 85 of 950 Nom Pipe Diameter Firestop Device 1/2 in. to 2 in. (19 mm to 51 mm)CP 680-75/2.5"N CP 680-P 2" 3 in. (76 mm)CP 680-P 3" 3 in. to 4 in. (76 mm to 102 mm)CP 680-110/4"N CP 680-P 4" 6 in. (152 mm)CP 680-160/6"N CP 680-P 6" System No. F-A-2053 FA 2053Reproduced by HILTI, Inc. Courtesy of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. February 27, 2008 F Rating — 2 Hr T Rating — 0 Hr L Rating At Ambient — Less Than 1 CFM/sq ft (See Item 3) L Rating At 400 F — Less Than 1 CFM/sq ft (See Item 3) W Ratings — Class 1 (See Items 3, 4 and 4A)CLAS S IFI E DPage: 2 of 2 ++ L Rating applies only to CP 680-P devices and only when the nom diam of pipe equals size of device (2 in. diam pipe in 2" device etc.) L Rating does not apply to CP 680N devices. 4. Firestop Device* — (Not shown) -Top seal plug for use with CP 680-75/2.5"N devices and nom pipe or conduit sizes 3/4 in. (19 mm) to 2 in. (51 mm), installed in accordance with the manufacturer\'s instructions. The top seal plug is optional for nom 1-1/2 in. (38 mm) pipes and conduits. Top seal plugs are required for all pipes and conduits less than nom 1-1/2 in. (38 mm). W Rating applies only when the CPS or IPS Top Seal Plugs are used. HILTI CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS, DIV OF HILTI INC — CPS and IPS Top Seal Plugs 4A. Firestop Device* - Water Barrier Module — (Optional, Not Shown) - Applies to nom 2", 3" and 4" water barrier modules used in combination with the CP 680-P 2", CP 680-P 3" and CP 680-P 4" devices, respectively, and supplied by device manufacturer. Module is threaded onto top of device. W Rating applies only when water barrier module is used. HILTI CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS, DIV OF HILTI INC — Water Barrier Module *Bearing the UL Classification Mark +Bearing the UL Listing Mark 3. Through Penetrants — One nonmetallic pipe or conduit to be installed within the firestop system. Pipe or conduit to be rigidly supported on both sides of floor assembly. For W Rating with Water Barrier Module, pipe shall be installed from bottom of device. The following types and sizes of nonmetallic pipes or conduits may be used: A. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe — Nom 6 in. (152 mm) diam (or smaller) Schedule 40 solid or cellular core PVC pipe for use in closed (process or supply) or vented (drain, waste or vent) piping systems. B. Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Pipe — Nom 6 in. (152 mm) diam (or smaller) SDR11 or SDR13.5 CPVC pipe for use in closed (process or supply) piping systems. C. Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit+ — Nom 6 in. (152 mm) diam (or smaller) Schedule 40 PVC conduit installed in accordance with the National Electrical Code (NFPA No. 70). The firestop devices and nonmetallic penetrants shall be sized as follows: 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 86 of 950 System No. W-L-2075 SECTION A-A WL 2075HILTI CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS, DIV OF HILTI INC -- FS-One Sealant +Bearing the UL Listing Mark *Bearing the UL Classification Marking Reproduced by HILTI, Inc. Courtesy of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. January 9, 2003 F Ratings - 1 & 2 Hr (See Item 4) T Ratings - 0 and 2 Hr (see Item 4) L Rating At Ambient - Less Than 1 CFM/Sq Ft L Rating At 400 F - 4 CFM/Sq Ft A A C USCLASSIFI E DF Rating Hr 1 2 1. Floor or Wall Assembly -- The fire-rated gypsum wallboard/stud wall assembly shall be constructed of the materials and in the manner specified in the individual U300 or U400 Series Wall and Partition Designs in the UL Fire Resistance Directory and shall include the following construction features: A. Studs -- Wall framing may consist of either wood studs or steel channel studs. Wood studs to consist of nom 2 by 4 in. lumber spaced 16 in. OC. Steel studs to be min 2-1/2 in. wide and spaced max 24 in. OC. B. Gypsum Board* -- Nom 5/8 in. thick gypsum wallboard, as specified in the individual Wall and Partition Design. Max diam of opening is 4 in. 2. Metallic Sleeve -- (Optional) -- Nom 4 in. diam (or smaller) Schedule 40 (or thinner) steel pipe cast into wall assembly with joint compound and installed flush with wall surfaces. 3. Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing+ -- Nom 2 in. diam (or smaller) corrugated wall electrical nonmetallic tubing (ENT) constructed of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Tubing to be rigidly supported on both sides of wall assembly. A nom annular space of 3/4 in. is required within the firestop system. See Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing (FKHU) category in the Electrical Construction Materials Directory for names of manufacturers. 4. Fill, Void or Cavity Material* -- Sealant -- Installed symmetrically on both sides of the wall. The hourly F Rating of the firestop system is equal to the hourly fire rating of the wall assembly in which it is installed. Fill material applied within the annulus, flush with each end of the steel sleeve at the thickness shown in the table below: T Rating Hr 0 2 Fill Mtl Depth In. 5/8 1-1/4 2 3 4 1A 1B 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 87 of 950 System No. W-L-2128 SECTION A-A WL 21281. Wall Assembly — The 1 or 2 hr fire-rated gypsum wallboard/stud wall assembly shall be constructed of the materials and in the manner specified in the individual U300 or U400 Series Wall and Partition Designs in the UL Fire Resistance Directory and shall include the following construction features: A. Studs — Wall framing may consist of either wood studs or steel channel studs. Wood studs to consist of nom 2 by 4 in. lumber spaced 16 in. OC. Steel studs to be min 2-1/2 in. wide and spaced max 24 in. OC. B. Gypsum Board* — 5/8 in. thick, 4 ft wide with square or tapered edges. The gypsum wallboard type, thickness, number of layers, fastener type and sheet orientation shall be as specified in the individual Wall and Partition Design. Max diam of opening is 3-1/2 in. 2. Metallic Sleeve Optional — Nom 3-1/2 in. (or smaller) cylindrical sleeve fabricated from min 0.016 in. thick (28 gauge) galv sheet steel and having a min 1-1/4 in. lap salong longitudinal seam. Length of sleeve to be installed flush with wall surfaces. 3. Through Penetrants — One nonmetallic pipe installed within the firestop system.. Pipe may be installed at an angle not greater than 45 degrees from perpendicular. Pipe to be rigidly supported on both sides of wall assembly. The space between pipe and periphery of opening shall be min 1/4 in. to max 11/16 in. The following types and sizes of nonmetallic pipes may be used: A. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe — Nom 2 in. diam (or smaller) Schedule 40 PVC pipe for use in closed (process or supply) or vented (drain, waste or vent) piping systems. B. Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Pipe — Nom 2 in. diam (or smaller) SDR13.5 CPVC pipe for use in closed (process or supply) piping systems. 4. Fill, Void or Cavity Materials* — Sealant — For 1 hr F Rating, min 5/8 in. thickness of fill material applied within the annulus, flush with both surfaces of wall. For 2 hr F Rating, min 1-1/4 in. thickness of fill material applied within annulus, flush with both surfaces of wall. HILTI CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS, DIV OF HILTI INC — FS-ONE Sealant *Bearing the UL Classification Mark A Reproduced by HILTI, Inc. Courtesy of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. March 14, 2006 F Rating — 1 and 2 Hr (See Item 1) T Rating — 0 Hr C USCLASSIFI E DA 1 2 4 2 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 88 of 950 November 10, 2021 Stamati Nicolakis, AIA, LEED AP HKS Architects 350 N Saint Paul St., # 100 Dallas, TX 75201 REFERENCE: REQUEST TO ALLOW THE USE OF PVC PIPING FOR DRAIN, WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM, AND THE USE OF PROVENT SINGLE STACK SYSTEM, AS AN ALTERNATE DESIGN AND MATEERIAL FOR THE GAYLORD PACIFIC RESORT AND CONVENTION CENTER Mr. Nicolakis, The City has reviewed your request for approval of the use of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) plastic piping for drain, waste and vent as an alternate material, and the use of the ProVent Single Stack System (ProVent System) as an alternate method of construction; report titled “PVC-DWV PIPING AND GUESTROOM ENGINEERED VENT SYSTEM ALTERNATE MATERIALS & METHODS REPORT”, prepared by HOWE ENGINEERS and dated October 15, 2021 (Report); (Attached). What is being proposed, is an engineered vent system, ProVent System, serving the high-rise guestroom tower consisting of PVC plastic piping and fittings for the drain, waste and vents (DWV). The reason for the request is that the Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), when adopting the 2016 California Plumbing Code (2016 CPC), amended Section 701.2 of the 2015 Uniform Plumbing Code (2015 UPC), which is the base code for the 2016 CPC, to limit the use of ABS and PVC to “not more than two stories of areas of residential accommodation.” The Gaylord Pacific Resort hotel is a 22-story guestroom tower. The Gaylord Pacific Resort and Convention Center (the Project) is being reviewed under the 2016 California building codes, the codes that were in effect at time of building permit application. Pursuant to the 2016 CPC Section 1.8.7, “Alternate Materials, Designs, Tests, and Methods of Construction”, the local building department is authorized to approve alternates as long as the alternates comply with set procedures and limitations outlined in the 2016 CPC Section 1.8.7.2.1. Section 1.8.7.2.1(2) states that “Evidence shall be submitted to substantiate claims that the proposed alternate, in performance, safety, and protection of life and health, conforms to, or is at least equivalent to, the standards contained in this 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 89 of 950 code and other rules and regulations promulgated by the Department of Housing and Community Development.” Based on our review of the applicable provisions of the 2016 CPC and the 2016 California Building Code (2016 CBC) as well as the submitted Report; and based on our research and prior discussions with State agencies, building officials and building code writing organizations, and other jurisdictions in California, we concluded the following: 1. The 2015 UPC, which is the base code for the 2016 CPC, along with other model codes throughout the country, allows the use of approved plastic piping material without building height restrictions. It is well known in the industry that the State’s Housing and Community Development’s (HCD) amendment to the 2015 UPC, in which it limits the use of PVC in certain residential accommodations, is no longer justified especially in fire-resistive construction. Years of data and research, and fire incident data, indicate that the use of plastic piping, when installed within fire resistive rated wall and floor cavities and using approved fire stopping materials and methods, and installed in fire rated non-combustible buildings with robust life safety systems, do not increase the risk of fire or fire spread. It is also well known in the industry that HCD’s reasoning for keeping the amendment in the 2016 CPC is due to strong opposition that is based on political and economic interests and not based on technical grounds. 2. HCD’s amendment in the 2016 CPC does not take into consideration the building’s Type of Construction, or if the building is fire sprinklered or not, or other life safety enhancements. The hotel tower is of Type I A construction, fire sprinklered throughout, has a fire alarm system throughout and has a smoke control system. Furthermore, emergency egress systems are designed with capacities that exceed minimum code compliance by 150%. 3. The use of plastic piping has been approved by jurisdictions throughout California as an alternate material and method of construction in residential buildings over two-stories including high-rise residential buildings. 4. The ProVent System is an engineered system that uses a proprietary aerator and deaerator fittings to connect a single combined soil and vent pipe in a common riser that eliminates the need for a separate vent pipe. The system, which is based on a similar single-stack system, Sovent, has been in use for many years and has demonstrated reliable performance, and has been approved by jurisdictions in the region and throughout California and the United States. Therefore, based on the above noted findings, the City approves the use of the ProVent System and PVC piping for DWV as alternate materials, designs and construction methods. The approval is conditioned to satisfy the following: 1. The ProVent System shall be designed by a California registered Mechanical Engineer in conformance to the design specifications and guides provided by ProVent System and the fittings manufacturer; the most current addition of the “ProVent Guide to Design and Usage.” 2. The ProVent System and PVC-DWV piping shall be installed within fire resistive rated walls and enclosures with approved fire stopping materials and methods, and can be installed above guestroom ceilings not used as return air plenums. Protection of penetrations of the fire resistance rated walls, horizontal assemblies, shafts, or other fire resistive rated assemblies shall be shown on the plans in accordance with the 2016 CBC Section 714 and approved by the City. 3. The Mechanical Engineer in responsible charge of the project shall perform field observations during construction and shall certify to the City Building Official in writing at the completion of the project that the ProVent System has been installed per the intended design and based on the approved plans. 4. ProVent System design manuals, guides and specifications shall be submitted to the City with the plumbing plans for review and approval. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 90 of 950 5. The fittings manufacturer shall be identified on the plans and shall be clearly marked on the actual fittings to be installed at the project site. Installed fittings must comply with ICC-ES PMG – 1286 product certificate. Installed EZ-Flex couplings must comply with ICC-ES PMG-1238 product certificate. 6. Fittings must be provided by a ProVent Systems manufacturer. Future modifications of the waste and vent system must comply with the manufacturer’s design manual. 7. Building maintenance personnel shall be trained by qualified individuals/contractors on the maintenance and operation of the ProVent System. Future modifications, alterations or repair must comply with the ProVent System’s design manual/guide and use ProVent System fittings. Based on our review of the submitted Report, and the findings and conditions noted above, it is the City’s opinion that the proposed alternate, in performance, safety, and protection of life and health, conforms to, or is at least equivalent to, the standards contained in the 2016 CPC and 2016 CBC, and other rules and regulations promulgated by the Department of Housing and Community Development. Required plans incorporating the above noted conditions shall be submitted for approval by the City. Please feel free to contact me at 619-409-1960 should you need to discuss further. Respectfully, Lou El-Khazen, PE, CBO, CASp Building Official Attachment: PVC-DWV PIPING AND GUESTROOM ENGINNERED VENT SYSTEM ALTERNATE MATERIALS & METHODS REPORT, for Gaylord Pacific Resort & convention Center, by HOWE ENGINEERING date October 15, 2021. Cc: Justin Gipson, Fire Division Chief/Director of Fire Prevention Moe Heivand, Regional Operations Manager, Bureau Veritas North America, Inc Ahmad Doudar, Plan Check Supervisor 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 91 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 92 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 93 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 94 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 95 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 96 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 97 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 98 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 99 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 100 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 101 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 102 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 103 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 104 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 105 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 106 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 107 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 108 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 109 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 110 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 111 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 112 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 113 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 114 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 115 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 116 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 117 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 118 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 119 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 120 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 121 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 122 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 123 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 124 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 125 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 126 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 127 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 128 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 129 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 130 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 131 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 132 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 133 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 134 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 135 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 136 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 137 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 138 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 139 of 950 Comparison of ProVent® Design Rules and The International Plumbing Code ProVent Systems® Plumbing Fundamentals Educational Literature 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 140 of 950 Page 2 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Topics and Descriptions Page Interior views of the Stack and Base fittings. 3 Shows the baffles and offsets inside fittings that controls the velocity flows of waste water inside the fittings. Stack Vent Separations of water and air. 4 Shows what the interior waste water and air flows look like when operating at maxi- mum fixture unit chart ratings. Comparing known single stack waste and vent systems. 5 Shows the difference between the single stack method using ProVent fittings with the allowable amount of fixture units compared with the limited fixture units of the IPC sin- gle stack method. Notice the big difference between the 4" and the 5" IPC chart. Conventional waste stack flow velocities. 6 Shows how waste water velocities build up inside conventional stacks without ProVent stack fittings. ProVent base fitting connecting horizontal drains. 7 Shows where fixture openings can be connected at the base of a stack using ProVent and the reasons it can be different from IPC connections. Interior look at the Base fitting and the Pressure Relief Vent. 8 Shows the hydraulic jump at the base of the stack and shows how the Base fitting low- ers the jump and vents the horizontal line. Water flows in designed horizontal branch piping. 9 Shows the interior flow rates of both the ProVent and the conventional IPC method. Lavatory and Sink connections. 10 Shows the ProVent method of connecting this type of fixture without additional venting and the same type of allowance shown in the IPC code. Impact of ProVent System on Plumbing Design and Cost for Back-to-Back Bathrooms 11 Shows the difference between ProVent and conventional plumbing designs for a back-to-back bathroom layout Guide to Contents 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 141 of 950 Page 3 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Stack Inlet Branch Vent Branch Baffle Separation Shield Collection Chamber Stack Outlet Inlet Outlet Nose Baffle (Controls Velocity) Relief Vent (Controls Back Pressure) StackVent BaseVent Velocity Offset Velocity Offset Interior View of the ProVent Fittings Shows How Fittings Control Flow Velocity in the Stack 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 142 of 950 Page 4 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Uncontrolled Flow Velocity in Conventional Waste Stacks Velocity Close to Inlet Open Airway in center of pipe permits normal air flow (up to 20’ vertical drop). Velocity Increases With Vertical Drop The increase in water flow velocity causes the thickness of water flow to build up. Reaches Terminal Velocity The air opening in the center of the pipe is completely closed, forming a water plug. This causes siphonage and backpressure unless the branches are separately vented - requiring a separate vent and revent. Waste Stack 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 143 of 950 Page 5 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc The maximum flow of the branch drainage never exceeds quarter-full flow conditions at the inlet. The stack length never exceeds 20 feet in length without either a StackVent or a velocity breaker offset (See Drawing 1.4 in ProVent Guide). This rule is subject to compliance with the maximum loading by stack as outlined in Chart 3 of the ProVent Guide (shown below) A StackVent is required at every floor when connecting branch piping is 2 1/2” or larger in diameter (See Drawing 1.4 in ProVent Guide) CHART 3: MAXIMUM LOADING BY STACK Stack Size Fixture Units 3” 64 3” (over 7 stories) 102 4” 504 5” 1,010 6” 2,200 Controlled Flow Velocity: ProVent StackVent StackVent StackVent The StackVent maintains the proper air mix. Air 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 144 of 950 Page 6 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc CHART 3: MAXIMUM LOADING BY STACK Stack Size Fixture Units 3” 64 3” (over 7 stories) 102 4” 504 5” 1,010 6” 2,200 A StackVent fitting creates a combination drain and vent for fixtures. The chart below shows the Maximum Loading on the Stack. This is Chart 3 from the ProVent Guide. This type of system has been successfully used for over fifty years starting with Copper Sovent then Cast Iron Sovent and, now, PVC Plastic ProVent. The comparison of the two charts, below, shows the dramatic increase in fixture loading for the ProVent System due to the controlled flow velocity. ProVent PVC StackVent Fitting The IPC “Waste StackVent” The Waste StackVent is one of the terms used for classifying the stack as a combination drain and vent pipe system. This system has been identified by a variety of names including vertical vent, Philadelphia single stack and multiple floor stack venting and is included in the Interna- tional Plumbing Code, Section 910. SIZE OF COMBINATION DRAIN AND VENT PIPE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS (dfu) PIPE DIAMETER Connecting to a hori- zontal branch or stack Connecting to a building drain or building subdrain 2” 3 4 2 1/2” 6 26 3” 12 31 4” 20 50 5” 160 250 6” 360 575 Full Size Stack Vent Separate Connection to Stack (Double Sanitary Tee Permitted) KS (TYP) KS (TYP) Offsets Prohibited Maintains Full Size Throughout its Length IPC Chart 912.3 ProVent Chart Controlling the flow velocities permits more fixture units to discharge into the combination waste and vent Note the large difference in capacity between the 4” and 6” stacks 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 145 of 950 Page 7 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Detail: “A-A” Detail: “B-B” Soil and waste branches can be connected into the building drain between the stack and the relief vent when the connections are made above the center line of the building drain. Pres- sure relief vent must be tied in a minimum of 10 pipe diameters behind the stack. IPC Connections Between the Stack and Fixture Openings There cannot be any horizontal branch connections within 10 pipe diameters from the stack as is shown in the International Plumbing Code Section 704.3—because of the hydraulic jump. This rule would also apply to the ProVent system if the branches could not be connected above the center line of the building drain as shown in the Detail: “B-B”, above. BaseVent A A 4” 3” WC 1-1/2” 1-1/4” LAV 2” 3” B B *First Branch Opening At Least 10 Pipe Diameters Downstream From Stack This option should be done with ProVent when the branch lines cannot connect above the centerline of the building drain. Stack ProVent PVC BaseVent Fitting *First Allowable Branch Opening 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 146 of 950 Page 8 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Controlling the Hydraulic Jump Air Air Air BaseVent Fitting Pressure Relief Line Nose Baffle and Pressure Relief Line Lowers the Hydraulic Jump Minimum Length = 10 times Stack Diameter (Branch connections are allowed in between as long as they are in compliance with diagram , below) The ProVent BaseVent provides a safe transition from vertical to horizontal flow - equalizing pressures and lowering the hydraulic jump. Air Branch Lines Must Enter Above Center Line Minimum Elevation of Pressure Relief Line in Relation to Building Drain Air 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 147 of 950 Page 9 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc ProVent Design Flows in Branch Piping The design flows are in accordance with ProVent Chart 2 and will not fill the branch piping to more than 25% of capacity. See typical layout below. The ProVent Branch Rules are similar to those allowed in the IPC Plumbing Code (see below) Air Waste Water IPC Plumbing Code, Section 911: Circuit Venting Branch is Classified as Vent Circuit Vent The principle behind circuit venting fixtures with a single vent is that the flow of drainage nev- er exceeds half-full piping. Air for venting 7 (maximum) fixtures circulates in the top half of the pipe. The water flow in the branch is designed to prevent siphonage of any of the fixture branches (same as ProVent) in accordance with Section 911. The IPC actually allows more fix- ture branches than ProVent. WC WC TUB 3” StackVent ProVent Stack ProVent Stack 2” TUB LAV 1-1/2” 1-1/4” 2” LAV The side openings discharge into fitting above the centerline. It fits between the stack and the 12” rough water closet ProVent Double Wye Fitting Branch Piping Schematic Back-to-Back Bathrooms 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 148 of 950 Page 10 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc ProVent Lavatory or Sink Connections Section 912.2 IPC Code Combination Drain and Vent 1 1/2” 2” Island Sink drain with 1 1/2” trap and 2” oversized drain, vent and drop is allowed in Section 912.2 Lavatory Or Sink 1 1/4” or 1 1/2” Tailpiece Air ProVent Rule 3.6 Combination Drain and Vent Air 1 1/2” 1 1/4” or 1 1/2” Minimum Trap Waste Water Air 4 feet maximum distance from the trap to the horizontal vent 2” 4 feet maximum distance from the trap to the horizontal vent 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 149 of 950 Page 11 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Impact of the Provent System on Design and Cost for Back-to-Back Bathrooms A ProVent Plumbing System Design A Conventional Plumbing System (IPC) Design 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 150 of 950 Educational Literature ® 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 151 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 152 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 153 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 154 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 155 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 156 of 950 Page 1 of 2 141 Longwater Drive Suite 110, Norwell, MA 02061 Tel: 781-878-3500 / Fax: 781-878-3551 www.HoweEngineers.com DATE: January 11, 2022 TO: Brian Kuckleman RIDA Development Corporation 1777 Walker Street, Suite 501 • Houston, TX 77010 713-961-3835 (tel) FROM: Ben Muscente, P.E. RE: GAYLORD PACIFIC RESORT & CONVENTION CENTER · Review Comment Responses for PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System for Guestroom Tower Brian, As requested, Howe Engineers has reviewed the opposition letter prepared by Adams Broadwell Joseph & Cardozo dated November 11, 2021, regarding the proposed alternate design method submitted for the use of PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System for the Guestroom Tower. Howe Engineers offers the following responses to the opposition comments regarding use of materials and fire resistance. Additional responses for the remaining items will be addressed by the plumbing engineer. Comment No. 12: PVC DWV Piping in Buildings Over Two Stories in Height is Not Equivalent to Other Materials in Terms of Suitability, Quality, Strength, Effectiveness, Fire Resistance, Durability, Safety, and Sanitation Howe Response: It is important to note the 2016 California Plumbing Code (CPC) amendment in question is specific to residential buildings and does not apply to buildings with occupancies such as business, assembly, storage, etc. which would be allowed the use of PVC vent piping within buildings of any height. In addition, the amendment does not consider credits for the buildings type of construction, whether fire protection systems or any other life safety systems are provided, or other enhanced building construction requirements. The 2016 California Building Code (CBC) allows limited amounts of combustible material in Type I and II construction buildings of any height in accordance with Section 603. Specifically, CBC Section 718.5 allows combustible insulation, covering on pipe and tubing, Class A interior finish materials, combustible pipping within partitions, and other combustible materials within concealed spaces. Therefore, the presence of combustibles within wall and ceiling cavities is not something strictly prohibited by the building code. One of the primary concerns with PVC piping material is whether it may increase the risk of fire spread and toxicity within the building during a fire event. This general industry concern has been researched and addressed in many studies dating back to the 1970’s, including a report titled “Plastic Pipe and Fire Safety” submitted to the NFPA Fire Journal, by Dr. Joseph 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 157 of 950 Howe Engineers, Inc. January 11, 2022 Page 2 of 2 B. Zicherman. This report provides research and findings from several resources, including NFPA, and includes results from ASTME-119 fire testing and hose stream tests that demonstrate plastic-piping materials will generally either burn away and char at the wall line or melt and drop into the wall cavity and did not result in additional flame propagation to other areas when properly fire stopped. In addition, the report provides data from several actual fire scenarios where plastic piping within wall cavities was only charred, melted, or unharmed. This is primarily due to the fact that in typical construction the plumbing piping is installed behind the walls and ceiling construction that form boundary layer that provides an inherent fire resistance rating of 15 minutes or more (i.e. a single sheet of gypsum board), preventing direct flame impingement. These findings are consistent with the over five decades of US fire incident data and research, which shows that there is no unique hazard or relationship linking plastic piping to unusual fire ignition for fire spread. The PVC piping serving the engineered vent system will be installed within walls or above bathroom ceilings that are not used as return air plenums (i.e, concealed spaces), located behind gypsum wallboard that would function as a thermal barrier. Therefore, most of the piping is not directly exposed to interior floor spaces which would be the most likely source for a potential fire event. Furthermore, Schedule 40 PVC piping typically meets the requirements of flame spread and smoke-developed index for Class A finish materials, as defined by the CBC, providing low risk of flame propagation. In addition, all piping penetrations of the rated wall and floor assemblies will be protected with a membrane or through penetration fire stopping assembly in accordance with the building code. Since the building is a high-rise, these firestopping assemblies are required to be inspected by an approved special inspection agency prior to concealment, CBC Section 1705.17. Sincerely, Ben Muscente, P.E Associate Principal 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 158 of 950 8144 Walnut Hill Lane, Suite 200 / Dallas, Texas 75231-4316 / TEL (214) 373-8222 / FAX (214) 361-2667 Email Memorandum TO:City of Chula Vista FROM:Ken Smith, P.E. RE:Gaylord Chula Vista – Provent System Job No: 16-065 DATE:January 27, 2022 Below are our comments relating to the letter to Mr. El-Khazen dated November 11, 2021 regarding Alternate Materials and Methods Request for the Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center Project. We will generally address the comments within the letter. To specifically address the comments within the exhibit would take substantial time and resources. The exhibit was obviously prepared well in advance of Howe Engineers request on October 15,2021 for approval of a Provent single stack system. 1. The exhibit list 14 California plumbing code paragraphs in an attempt to make the argument that the Provent system does not meet the Plumbing code. They however skipped over paragraph 912.0 of the 2016 California plumbing code. The paragraph states: 912.0 Engineered Vent System “The design and sizing of a vent system shall be permitted to be determined by accepted engineering practices. The system shall be designed by a registered design professional and approved in accordance with section 301.5”. Section 301.5 references - Alternative Engineered Design. 2. Most, if not all cities, use the Uniform Plumbing Code or the International Plumbing Code as the basis of design and construction. Some cities also have local amendments. The California Plumbing Code is no different. The 2016 California Plumbing Code is based on the 2015 Uniform Plumbing Code. Some cities, a small percentage, do have local amendments stating that a Provent system is not permitted. Most of these cities are strong union cities such as Chicago and St. Louis. We see no such local amendments in the City of Chula Vista Plumbing code. There are thousands of Provent/Sovent systems installed throughout the country which have adopted one of the two Plumbing codes listed above. We would find it hard to believe thousands of installations don’t meet the intent of the adopted Plumbing Codes. For clarification, the Sovent system design is similar to the Provent design accept Sovent is cast iron in lieu of Provent which is PVC. 3. The comment was made that a Provent system does not guard against siphonage and pressure excursions as well as a conventional plumbing system. We cannot agree or disagree with this statement. We cannot quantify “as well as”. What we do know 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 159 of 950 January 27, 2022 Job No: 16-065 Page 2 is that a Provent system does guard against siphonage and pressure excursions for the Provent system to function properly. 4. The Comment was made that a Provent system is subject to catastrophic failure when soapy or greasy waste enters the system. Soapy or grease waste is associated with large laundries and kitchens. The Provent system is being utilized for the guest room tower only. Conventional waste and vent systems are being used in the podium. 5. The comment was made relating to catastrophic failure in the Provent system when the public sewer is more than half full. First we would assume the sanitary utility piping is sized appropriately and do not understand how the utility piping in the street will affect the venting of the Provent system which is in the guest room tower which starts 35’ above grade. 6. Provent systems can be modified in the future. Both Provent and a conventional waste and vent system has guidelines to follow regarding the quantity of plumbing fixtures that can be connected to a specific size pipe. In addition, the Provent system is only serving the hotel guest room tower. Additional plumbing fixtures or even the relocation of plumbing fixtures is very rare in a hotel. Traditionally renovations are cosmetic only. 7. Comments have been made regarding the inability to properly vent back to back fixtures. At this time the design does not include piping of back to back fixtures. 8. Comments have been made that the Provent system is more likely to fail and will experience severe blockage problems. Rida Development currently has a 1000 room hotel in Houston, Texas, a 1500 room hotel in Aurora, Colorado, a 1500 room hotel in Orlando, Florida and other smaller hotels with a Provent type system. They have experienced no such problems. Common sense would say, if they had operation issues with a Provent system, they would NOT repeat the same mistake. 9. Theories have been made by a carefully selected expert stating “a greater risk” of harmful bacteria would be a result of installing a Provent system. In addition, a greater risk of blowouts would increase the risk of sewar gases escaping to occupied areas. This is all theoretical and to our knowledge, has never came to fruition. If so, I would imagine deaths in a hotel from Legionella from the sanitary system would be newsworthy and result in a hotel being imploded. As stated above, this has not been Rida Development experience on their hotel projects. 10. VOC’s contained within the cement solvents, to join the piping, are limited by the California Department of Public Health (CDPH). The cement solvents meet the CDPH standards. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 160 of 950 EXHIBIT A 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 161 of 950 PVC-DWV P IPING AND G UESTROOM E NGINEERED V ENT S YSTEM A LTERNATE M ATERIALS & M ETHODS R EPORT GAYLORD PACIFIC RESORT & CONVENTION CENTER CHULA VISTA, CALIFORNIA Prepared for: Prepared by: SUBMITTED : OCTOBER 1 5, 2021 101 Longwater Circle, Suite 203 Norwell, MA 02061 Phone: 781.878.3500 Fax: 781.878.3551 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 162 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 15, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 2 of 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS ............................................................................................................ 3 RELEVANT CODE REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................. 3 PROPOSED ALTERNATE MATERIALS & METHODS ..................................................................................... 4 ALTERNATE MATERIAL: PROVENT & PVC PIPING SYSTEM ............................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. ALTERNATE METHOD JUSTIFICATION ........................................................................................................................ 5 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 APPENDICIES APPENDIX A - PROVENT DWV SYSTEM APPENDIX B – PLASTIC PIPE AND FIRE SAFETY APPENDIX C – EXAMPLE FIRE STOP DETAILS 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 163 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 3 of 10 INTRODUCTION Gaylord Hotels is expanding their existing Resort Chain with a new hotel and convention center property located in Chula Vista, California. The project includes a 22-story hotel guestroom tower and four (4) level convention center. The convention center portion of the building is fully separated from the hotel tower by a 2-hour fire barrier. The guestroom tower is a high-rise with 22 stories and is approximately 224 feet in height and is classified as a high-rise building. The guestroom tower has a gross building area of approximately 1,011,253 square feet and is used primarily for hotel guest rooms and circulation space. As part of the project, the plumbing designers are proposing an engineered vent system serving the high-rise guestroom tower. The proposed engineered vent system consisting of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) plastic piping and fittings for the drain, waste, and vents (DWV) serving the guestroom tower. The proposed system is a ProVent System and is being submitted as an alternate design method in accordance with 2016 California Plumbing Code (CPC), Section 301.3 & 1.8.7 as it relates to the use of PVC piping in a residential building over two-stories. APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS The design of the project complies with the 2016 Edition of the California Codes as listed below. · 2016 California Building Code (CBC) – Title 24, Part 2, Volumes 1 and 2 o Building Code Errata Effective January 1, 2017 and September 1, 2017 o Building Code Emergency Supplement Effective January 30, 2017, December 13, 2017 and April 18, 2018 o Building Code Supplement Effective July 1, 2018 · 2016 California Plumbing Code (CPC) – Title 24 Part 5 o (2015 Uniform Plumbing Code, with local amendments) o Plumbing Code Supplements Effective July 1, 2018 o Plumbing Code Errata Effective January 1, 2017 o CWoRE Supplement Effective August 17, 2019 · ASTM D2665 Standard Specification for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste and Vent (DWV) Pipe and Fittings RELEVANT CODE REQUIREMENTS The 2015 Uniform Plumbing code, which serves as the basis for the CPC, stipulates that the materials used for above ground sanitary drainage and vent piping (DWV) may be ABS, cast iron, copper, galvanized steel, PVC, Stainless Steel, or other approved materials having a smooth and uniform bore per table 701.2, without any height restrictions. The 2016 California Plumbing Code amended these allowable materials to limit the use of PVC within residential construction that are not more than two stories in height, CPC sections 701.2(2)(a), 903.1.1 and 1101.4. It is important to note this California Plumbing Code amendment is specific to residential buildings and does not apply to buildings with occupancies such as business, assembly, storage, etc. which would be allowed the use of PVC vent piping within buildings of 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 164 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 4 of 10 any height. In addition, the amendment does not consider credits for the buildings type of construction, whether fire protection systems or any other life safety systems are provided, or other enhanced building construction requirements. PROPOSED ALTERNATE MATERIALS & METHODS The 2016 California Plumbing Code (CPC), Section 301.3 & 1.8.7 allows the building official the authority to approve an alternate use of “systems, methods or devices of equivalent or superior quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and safety over those prescribed by this code.” The Alternate Design is proposing the use of an engineered ProVent stack system. This engineered ProVent system consists of proprietary fittings that connect to PVC DWV piping to allow combination venting and drainage to work properly within a single stack by controlling flow velocity (Appendix A – ProVent DWV system). Since the proposed system utilizes PVC piping material in a residential building over two-stories in height an alternate method approach is required. The proposed alternate method utilizes PVC-DWV sanitary and vent piping for the guestroom tower only and does not include the assembly podium levels. The proposed ProVent system and PVC-DWV piping will be installed within rated wall cavities and above guestroom ceilings not utilized for return air plenums. All through/membrane penetrations of rated assemblies will be protected as required with approved fire stopping assemblies, in accordance with the Building Code. This alternate materials and method report demonstrates that when properly installed with approved fire stopping assemblies and the building construction and life safety systems proposed, PVC piping does not provide any increased risk for fire or fire spread and is a suitable material for the engineered vent system. One of the primary concerns with PVC piping material is whether it may increase the risk of fire spread and toxicity within the building during a fire event. This general industry concern has been researched and addressed in many studies dating back to the 1970’s, including a report titled “Plastic Pipe and Fire Safety” submitted to the NFPA Fire Journal, by Dr. Joseph B. Zicherman (see Appendix B – Plastic Pipe and Fire Safety). This report provides research and findings from several resources, including NFPA, and includes results from ASTME-119 fire testing and hose stream tests that demonstrate plastic-piping materials will generally either burn away and char at the wall line or melt and drop into the wall cavity and did not result in additional flame propagation to other areas when properly fire stopped. In addition, the report provides data from several actual fire scenarios where plastic piping within wall cavities was only charred, melted, or unharmed. This is primarily due to the fact that in typical construction the plumbing piping is installed behind the walls and ceiling construction that form boundary layer that provides an inherent fire resistance rating of 15 minutes or more (i.e. a single sheet of gypsum board), preventing direct flame impingement. These findings are consistent with the over five decades of US fire incident data and research, which shows that there is no unique hazard or relationship linking plastic piping to unusual fire ignition for fire spread. The proposed Gaylord building is designed as Type IA construction and classified as a “Mixed-Use Occupancy” in accordance with the CBC section 508.1, with principal occupancies of Group A-2 assembly for the Convention side and R-1 Residential for the hotel guestroom tower. The Type IA building is also designed with guestroom separations and corridors that have a fire-resistance rating of not less than a 1-hour fire partition. The structural frame, bearing walls and floor construction of the Type IA building are all noncombustible and provide between 2-3 hour fire resistance ratings. These construction features, coupled with the 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 165 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 5 of 10 building being fully sprinklered, drastically limits the size and severity of a fire and even further reduces the exposure of the PVC piping within the walls and ceiling. ALTERNATE METHOD JUSTIFICATION The PVC piping serving the engineered vent system will be installed within walls or above bathroom ceilings that are not used as return air plenums. In addition, all piping penetrations of the rated wall and floor assemblies will be protected with a membrane or through penetration fire stopping assembly in accordance with the building code. To further support and justify the use of the engineered vent system, including PVC piping, the design team is proposing the following design elements to be included within the project design: · ProVent PVC Piping o The PVC piping within the proposed engineered vent system shall be Scheduled 40 piping. This is consistent with the California Plumbing Code requirement for DWV pipe and fittings in non-residential high-rise buildings. o All piping penetrations of the rated wall and floor assemblies will be protected with a membrane or through penetration fire stopping assembly in accordance with the building code. A large variety of firestop systems have been developed over the past several years which allow PVC DWV piping to be installed in fire- resistive assemblies (Appendix C – Example Firestop Details). Approved firestop systems are based on test results developed by nationally recognized testing laboratories, using either the ASTM E 119 or ASTM E 814 test method. Firestopping systems and devices have been tested for specific barrier ratings, barrier materials, barrier thickness, piping materials, pipe sizes, and annular spaces. The resulting F and T ratings apply to those systems or devices when used as tested. · Building Construction: o The building is designed as Type IA construction.  The California Plumbing Code does not consider the building construction type. Specifically, the amendment for use of PVC piping is limited to number of stories only and does not consider whether the building is built of wood or noncombustible construction with fire rated building elements. The proposed building is constructed of the most restrictive type of construction and will provide 3-hour fire resistance rated columns, and 2-hour fire resistance rated floor construction. This type of construction plays a significant role in compartmentalizing any fire event within the building. o The guestroom floors are designed with 1-hour rated corridors and 1-hour rated guestroom separations.  The California Plumbing Code does not consider fire resistance rated separations. The ProVent system piping is being installed within these rated wall assemblies, providing a barrier separation between the guestrooms and piping. In addition, please note the corridor walls for each floor are only required to be 30-minute fire partitions, with 20-minute fire rated doors. Therefore, the 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 166 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 6 of 10 proposed corridor wall design exceeds minimum code compliance by providing 1-hour fire partitions with 20-minute door assemblies. · Fire and Life Safety Systems o Automatic Sprinkler Systems  The building is designed with an automatic sprinkler system throughout in accordance with the Building Code. The automatic sprinkler system is not considered in the California Plumbing Code and is an active life safety system designed to control potential fire events. According to studies by National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), sprinklers limit flame damage to the room of origin in upwards of 96-percent of fires in which they operated, thereby providing a very effective means to prevent flame impingement on the concealed PVC piping. o Fire Alarm Systems  The building is provided with a complete fire alarm system designed with emergency voice communication. This system also includes smoke detectors located within the guestroom corridors as well as within each sleeping room. The fire alarm system is designed to provide early warning of any potential fire scenario, also something not considered in the California Plumbing Code. o Smoke Control Systems  The guestroom tower is provided with three (3) smokeproof exit enclosures serving all floor levels in the guestroom tower. These smokeproof exit stairs are designed with pressurization systems capable to provide a minimum of 0.05 in. w.g. between the smokeproof stair enclosure and stair vestibule, and a minimum of 0.05 in. w.g. between the stair vestibule and floor corridor.  In addition to the stair pressurization system, each guestroom level corridor is provided with supplemental exhaust to enhance the stair pressurization system design. This supplemental exhaust is not minimally required by code and has been provided by the design team to enhance the stair pressurization systems as well as the ability to maintain a pressure differential between the floor of fire origin and the floors immediately above and below. These pressurization method systems are designed in accordance with Section 909 of the California Building Code and serve to limit the spread of smoke and other toxic gases produced by a fire event to the floor of origin. In addition to the information provided here, it is our understanding similar systems have also been installed within several other high-rise buildings in southern California. Specification, a brief list of multistory residential projects in San Diego utilizing PVC DWV systems is provided below: 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 167 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 7 of 10 CONCLUSION As stated in the referenced report in Appendix B, the use of plastic piping in fire resistance construction is well founded and based on extensive testing, analysis and review. This report presents an alternate material and method to permit the use of PVC DWV piping and Provent system within a residential structure exceeding two stories in height. The UPC, along with other model buildings codes throughout the country (i.e., NFPA & International Plumbing Code) permits PVC DWV piping applications in residential buildings of any height and of any type of construction which has been amended by the CPC to limit the use of PVC to two stories in height for residential buildings. To align the California Plumbing Code with the Universal Plumbing Code, extensive testing in accordance with ASTM E-119 have been conducted and illustrates that PVC does not pose a greater threat to occupants as compared to other types of approved piping systems. In addition, the uses of approved firestopping assemblies, building construction, and life safety systems provided as part of the project design further act to limit the size and severity of a potential fire and even further reduces the exposure of the PVC piping within the walls and ceiling. As a result, we respectively request approval of the proposed engineered vent system for the Gaylord Pacific guestroom tower. Sincerely, Ben Muscente, P.E Associate Principal 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 168 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 8 of 10 APPENDIX A - PROVENT DWV SYSTEM 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 169 of 950 Comparison of ProVent® Design Rules and The International Plumbing Code ProVent Systems® Plumbing Fundamentals Educational Literature 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 170 of 950 Page 2 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Topics and Descriptions Page Interior views of the Stack and Base fittings. 3 Shows the baffles and offsets inside fittings that controls the velocity flows of waste water inside the fittings. Stack Vent Separations of water and air. 4 Shows what the interior waste water and air flows look like when operating at maxi- mum fixture unit chart ratings. Comparing known single stack waste and vent systems. 5 Shows the difference between the single stack method using ProVent fittings with the allowable amount of fixture units compared with the limited fixture units of the IPC sin- gle stack method. Notice the big difference between the 4" and the 5" IPC chart. Conventional waste stack flow velocities. 6 Shows how waste water velocities build up inside conventional stacks without ProVent stack fittings. ProVent base fitting connecting horizontal drains. 7 Shows where fixture openings can be connected at the base of a stack using ProVent and the reasons it can be different from IPC connections. Interior look at the Base fitting and the Pressure Relief Vent. 8 Shows the hydraulic jump at the base of the stack and shows how the Base fitting low- ers the jump and vents the horizontal line. Water flows in designed horizontal branch piping. 9 Shows the interior flow rates of both the ProVent and the conventional IPC method. Lavatory and Sink connections. 10 Shows the ProVent method of connecting this type of fixture without additional venting and the same type of allowance shown in the IPC code. Impact of ProVent System on Plumbing Design and Cost for Back-to-Back Bathrooms 11 Shows the difference between ProVent and conventional plumbing designs for a back-to-back bathroom layout Guide to Contents 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 171 of 950 Page 3 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Stack Inlet Branch Vent Branch Baffle Separation Shield Collection Chamber Stack Outlet Inlet Outlet Nose Baffle (Controls Velocity) Relief Vent (Controls Back Pressure) StackVent BaseVent Velocity Offset Velocity Offset Interior View of the ProVent Fittings Shows How Fittings Control Flow Velocity in the Stack 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 172 of 950 Page 4 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Uncontrolled Flow Velocity in Conventional Waste Stacks Velocity Close to Inlet Open Airway in center of pipe permits normal air flow (up to 20’ vertical drop). Velocity Increases With Vertical Drop The increase in water flow velocity causes the thickness of water flow to build up. Reaches Terminal Velocity The air opening in the center of the pipe is completely closed, forming a water plug. This causes siphonage and backpressure unless the branches are separately vented - requiring a separate vent and revent. Waste Stack 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 173 of 950 Page 5 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc The maximum flow of the branch drainage never exceeds quarter-full flow conditions at the inlet. The stack length never exceeds 20 feet in length without either a StackVent or a velocity breaker offset (See Drawing 1.4 in ProVent Guide). This rule is subject to compliance with the maximum loading by stack as outlined in Chart 3 of the ProVent Guide (shown below) A StackVent is required at every floor when connecting branch piping is 2 1/2” or larger in diameter (See Drawing 1.4 in ProVent Guide) CHART 3: MAXIMUM LOADING BY STACK Stack Size Fixture Units 3” 64 3” (over 7 stories) 102 4” 504 5” 1,010 6” 2,200 Controlled Flow Velocity: ProVent StackVent StackVent StackVent The StackVent maintains the proper air mix. Air 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 174 of 950 Page 6 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc CHART 3: MAXIMUM LOADING BY STACK Stack Size Fixture Units 3” 64 3” (over 7 stories) 102 4” 504 5” 1,010 6” 2,200 A StackVent fitting creates a combination drain and vent for fixtures. The chart below shows the Maximum Loading on the Stack. This is Chart 3 from the ProVent Guide. This type of system has been successfully used for over fifty years starting with Copper Sovent then Cast Iron Sovent and, now, PVC Plastic ProVent. The comparison of the two charts, below, shows the dramatic increase in fixture loading for the ProVent System due to the controlled flow velocity. ProVent PVC StackVent Fitting The IPC “Waste StackVent” The Waste StackVent is one of the terms used for classifying the stack as a combination drain and vent pipe system. This system has been identified by a variety of names including vertical vent, Philadelphia single stack and multiple floor stack venting and is included in the Interna- tional Plumbing Code, Section 910. SIZE OF COMBINATION DRAIN AND VENT PIPE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRAINAGE FIXTURE UNITS (dfu) PIPE DIAMETER Connecting to a hori- zontal branch or stack Connecting to a building drain or building subdrain 2” 3 4 2 1/2” 6 26 3” 12 31 4” 20 50 5” 160 250 6” 360 575 Full Size Stack Vent Separate Connection to Stack (Double Sanitary Tee Permitted) KS (TYP) KS (TYP) Offsets Prohibited Maintains Full Size Throughout its Length IPC Chart 912.3 ProVent Chart Controlling the flow velocities permits more fixture units to discharge into the combination waste and vent Note the large difference in capacity between the 4” and 6” stacks 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 175 of 950 Page 7 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Detail: “A-A” Detail: “B-B” Soil and waste branches can be connected into the building drain between the stack and the relief vent when the connections are made above the center line of the building drain. Pres- sure relief vent must be tied in a minimum of 10 pipe diameters behind the stack. IPC Connections Between the Stack and Fixture Openings There cannot be any horizontal branch connections within 10 pipe diameters from the stack as is shown in the International Plumbing Code Section 704.3—because of the hydraulic jump. This rule would also apply to the ProVent system if the branches could not be connected above the center line of the building drain as shown in the Detail: “B-B”, above. BaseVent A A 4” 3” WC 1-1/2” 1-1/4” LAV 2” 3” B B *First Branch Opening At Least 10 Pipe Diameters Downstream From Stack This option should be done with ProVent when the branch lines cannot connect above the centerline of the building drain. Stack ProVent PVC BaseVent Fitting *First Allowable Branch Opening 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 176 of 950 Page 8 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Controlling the Hydraulic Jump Air Air Air BaseVent Fitting Pressure Relief Line Nose Baffle and Pressure Relief Line Lowers the Hydraulic Jump Minimum Length = 10 times Stack Diameter (Branch connections are allowed in between as long as they are in compliance with diagram , below) The ProVent BaseVent provides a safe transition from vertical to horizontal flow - equalizing pressures and lowering the hydraulic jump. Air Branch Lines Must Enter Above Center Line Minimum Elevation of Pressure Relief Line in Relation to Building Drain Air 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 177 of 950 Page 9 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc ProVent Design Flows in Branch Piping The design flows are in accordance with ProVent Chart 2 and will not fill the branch piping to more than 25% of capacity. See typical layout below. The ProVent Branch Rules are similar to those allowed in the IPC Plumbing Code (see below) Air Waste Water IPC Plumbing Code, Section 911: Circuit Venting Branch is Classified as Vent Circuit Vent The principle behind circuit venting fixtures with a single vent is that the flow of drainage nev- er exceeds half-full piping. Air for venting 7 (maximum) fixtures circulates in the top half of the pipe. The water flow in the branch is designed to prevent siphonage of any of the fixture branches (same as ProVent) in accordance with Section 911. The IPC actually allows more fix- ture branches than ProVent. WC WC TUB 3” StackVent ProVent Stack ProVent Stack 2” TUB LAV 1-1/2” 1-1/4” 2” LAV The side openings discharge into fitting above the centerline. It fits between the stack and the 12” rough water closet ProVent Double Wye Fitting Branch Piping Schematic Back-to-Back Bathrooms 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 178 of 950 Page 10 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc ProVent Lavatory or Sink Connections Section 912.2 IPC Code Combination Drain and Vent 1 1/2” 2” Island Sink drain with 1 1/2” trap and 2” oversized drain, vent and drop is allowed in Section 912.2 Lavatory Or Sink 1 1/4” or 1 1/2” Tailpiece Air ProVent Rule 3.6 Combination Drain and Vent Air 1 1/2” 1 1/4” or 1 1/2” Minimum Trap Waste Water Air 4 feet maximum distance from the trap to the horizontal vent 2” 4 feet maximum distance from the trap to the horizontal vent 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 179 of 950 Page 11 Copyright2007-2008 ProVent Systems. Inc Impact of the Provent System on Design and Cost for Back-to-Back Bathrooms A ProVent Plumbing System Design A Conventional Plumbing System (IPC) Design 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 180 of 950 Educational Literature ® 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 181 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 9 of 10 APPENDIX B – PLASTIC PIPE AND FIRE SAFETY 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 182 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 183 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 184 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 185 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 186 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 187 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 188 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 189 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 190 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 191 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 192 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 193 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 194 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 195 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 196 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 197 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 198 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 199 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 200 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 201 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 202 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 203 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 204 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 205 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 206 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 207 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 208 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 209 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 210 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 211 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 212 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 213 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 214 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 215 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 216 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 217 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 218 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 219 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 220 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 221 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 222 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 223 of 950 Gaylord Chula Vista Resort & Convention Center PVC-DWV Piping and Engineered Vent System Alternate Method Howe Engineers October 13, 2021 Howe Engineers 2021 Page 10 of 10 APPENDIX C – EXAMPLE FIRE STOP DETAILS 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 224 of 950 System No. F-A-2053 SECTION A-A FA 20531. Floor Assembly — Min 2-1/2 in. (64 mm) thick reinforced lightweight or normal weight (100-150 pcf or 1600-2400 kg/m3) concrete. 1A. Floor Assembly - (Optional - Not Shown) — The fire rated unprotected concrete and steel floor assembly shall be constructed of the materials and in the manner specified in the individual D900 Series designs in the UL Fire Resistance Directory and as summarized below: A. Concrete — Min 2-1/2 in (64 mm) thick reinforced lightweight or normal weight (100-150 pcf or 1600-2400 kg/m3) concrete. B. Steel Floor and Form Units* — Composite or non-composite max 3 in. (76 mm) deep galv steel fluted units as specified in the individual Floor-Ceiling Design. 2. Firestop Device* — Cast in place firestop device permanently embedded during concrete placement or grouted in concrete assembly in accordance with accompanying installation instructions. The 3, 4 and 6 in. devices may extend a max 2 in. (51 mm) above the top surface of the concrete. The max extension above the slab for the 2 and 2.5 in. devices is not restricted. HILTI CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS, DIV OF HILTI INC — CP 680-75/2.5"N, CP 680-110/4"N, CP 680-160/6"N, CP 680-P 2", CP 680-P 3", CP 680-P 4", CP 680-P 6" A Reproduced by HILTI, Inc. Courtesy of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. February 27, 2008 F Rating — 2 Hr T Rating — 0 Hr L Rating At Ambient — Less Than 1 CFM/sq ft (See Item 3) L Rating At 400 F — Less Than 1 CFM/sq ft (See Item 3) W Ratings — Class 1 (See Items 3, 4 and 4A)CLAS S IFI E DA Page: 1 of 2 3 2 2 3 1 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 225 of 950 Nom Pipe Diameter Firestop Device 1/2 in. to 2 in. (19 mm to 51 mm)CP 680-75/2.5"N CP 680-P 2" 3 in. (76 mm)CP 680-P 3" 3 in. to 4 in. (76 mm to 102 mm)CP 680-110/4"N CP 680-P 4" 6 in. (152 mm)CP 680-160/6"N CP 680-P 6" System No. F-A-2053 FA 2053Reproduced by HILTI, Inc. Courtesy of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. February 27, 2008 F Rating — 2 Hr T Rating — 0 Hr L Rating At Ambient — Less Than 1 CFM/sq ft (See Item 3) L Rating At 400 F — Less Than 1 CFM/sq ft (See Item 3) W Ratings — Class 1 (See Items 3, 4 and 4A)CLAS S IFI E DPage: 2 of 2 ++ L Rating applies only to CP 680-P devices and only when the nom diam of pipe equals size of device (2 in. diam pipe in 2" device etc.) L Rating does not apply to CP 680N devices. 4. Firestop Device* — (Not shown) -Top seal plug for use with CP 680-75/2.5"N devices and nom pipe or conduit sizes 3/4 in. (19 mm) to 2 in. (51 mm), installed in accordance with the manufacturer\'s instructions. The top seal plug is optional for nom 1-1/2 in. (38 mm) pipes and conduits. Top seal plugs are required for all pipes and conduits less than nom 1-1/2 in. (38 mm). W Rating applies only when the CPS or IPS Top Seal Plugs are used. HILTI CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS, DIV OF HILTI INC — CPS and IPS Top Seal Plugs 4A. Firestop Device* - Water Barrier Module — (Optional, Not Shown) - Applies to nom 2", 3" and 4" water barrier modules used in combination with the CP 680-P 2", CP 680-P 3" and CP 680-P 4" devices, respectively, and supplied by device manufacturer. Module is threaded onto top of device. W Rating applies only when water barrier module is used. HILTI CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS, DIV OF HILTI INC — Water Barrier Module *Bearing the UL Classification Mark +Bearing the UL Listing Mark 3. Through Penetrants — One nonmetallic pipe or conduit to be installed within the firestop system. Pipe or conduit to be rigidly supported on both sides of floor assembly. For W Rating with Water Barrier Module, pipe shall be installed from bottom of device. The following types and sizes of nonmetallic pipes or conduits may be used: A. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe — Nom 6 in. (152 mm) diam (or smaller) Schedule 40 solid or cellular core PVC pipe for use in closed (process or supply) or vented (drain, waste or vent) piping systems. B. Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Pipe — Nom 6 in. (152 mm) diam (or smaller) SDR11 or SDR13.5 CPVC pipe for use in closed (process or supply) piping systems. C. Rigid Nonmetallic Conduit+ — Nom 6 in. (152 mm) diam (or smaller) Schedule 40 PVC conduit installed in accordance with the National Electrical Code (NFPA No. 70). The firestop devices and nonmetallic penetrants shall be sized as follows: 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 226 of 950 System No. W-L-2075 SECTION A-A WL 2075HILTI CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS, DIV OF HILTI INC -- FS-One Sealant +Bearing the UL Listing Mark *Bearing the UL Classification Marking Reproduced by HILTI, Inc. Courtesy of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. January 9, 2003 F Ratings - 1 & 2 Hr (See Item 4) T Ratings - 0 and 2 Hr (see Item 4) L Rating At Ambient - Less Than 1 CFM/Sq Ft L Rating At 400 F - 4 CFM/Sq Ft A A C USCLASSIFI E DF Rating Hr 1 2 1. Floor or Wall Assembly -- The fire-rated gypsum wallboard/stud wall assembly shall be constructed of the materials and in the manner specified in the individual U300 or U400 Series Wall and Partition Designs in the UL Fire Resistance Directory and shall include the following construction features: A. Studs -- Wall framing may consist of either wood studs or steel channel studs. Wood studs to consist of nom 2 by 4 in. lumber spaced 16 in. OC. Steel studs to be min 2-1/2 in. wide and spaced max 24 in. OC. B. Gypsum Board* -- Nom 5/8 in. thick gypsum wallboard, as specified in the individual Wall and Partition Design. Max diam of opening is 4 in. 2. Metallic Sleeve -- (Optional) -- Nom 4 in. diam (or smaller) Schedule 40 (or thinner) steel pipe cast into wall assembly with joint compound and installed flush with wall surfaces. 3. Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing+ -- Nom 2 in. diam (or smaller) corrugated wall electrical nonmetallic tubing (ENT) constructed of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Tubing to be rigidly supported on both sides of wall assembly. A nom annular space of 3/4 in. is required within the firestop system. See Electrical Nonmetallic Tubing (FKHU) category in the Electrical Construction Materials Directory for names of manufacturers. 4. Fill, Void or Cavity Material* -- Sealant -- Installed symmetrically on both sides of the wall. The hourly F Rating of the firestop system is equal to the hourly fire rating of the wall assembly in which it is installed. Fill material applied within the annulus, flush with each end of the steel sleeve at the thickness shown in the table below: T Rating Hr 0 2 Fill Mtl Depth In. 5/8 1-1/4 2 3 4 1A 1B 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 227 of 950 System No. W-L-2128 SECTION A-A WL 21281. Wall Assembly — The 1 or 2 hr fire-rated gypsum wallboard/stud wall assembly shall be constructed of the materials and in the manner specified in the individual U300 or U400 Series Wall and Partition Designs in the UL Fire Resistance Directory and shall include the following construction features: A. Studs — Wall framing may consist of either wood studs or steel channel studs. Wood studs to consist of nom 2 by 4 in. lumber spaced 16 in. OC. Steel studs to be min 2-1/2 in. wide and spaced max 24 in. OC. B. Gypsum Board* — 5/8 in. thick, 4 ft wide with square or tapered edges. The gypsum wallboard type, thickness, number of layers, fastener type and sheet orientation shall be as specified in the individual Wall and Partition Design. Max diam of opening is 3-1/2 in. 2. Metallic Sleeve Optional — Nom 3-1/2 in. (or smaller) cylindrical sleeve fabricated from min 0.016 in. thick (28 gauge) galv sheet steel and having a min 1-1/4 in. lap salong longitudinal seam. Length of sleeve to be installed flush with wall surfaces. 3. Through Penetrants — One nonmetallic pipe installed within the firestop system.. Pipe may be installed at an angle not greater than 45 degrees from perpendicular. Pipe to be rigidly supported on both sides of wall assembly. The space between pipe and periphery of opening shall be min 1/4 in. to max 11/16 in. The following types and sizes of nonmetallic pipes may be used: A. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe — Nom 2 in. diam (or smaller) Schedule 40 PVC pipe for use in closed (process or supply) or vented (drain, waste or vent) piping systems. B. Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Pipe — Nom 2 in. diam (or smaller) SDR13.5 CPVC pipe for use in closed (process or supply) piping systems. 4. Fill, Void or Cavity Materials* — Sealant — For 1 hr F Rating, min 5/8 in. thickness of fill material applied within the annulus, flush with both surfaces of wall. For 2 hr F Rating, min 1-1/4 in. thickness of fill material applied within annulus, flush with both surfaces of wall. HILTI CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS, DIV OF HILTI INC — FS-ONE Sealant *Bearing the UL Classification Mark A Reproduced by HILTI, Inc. Courtesy of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. March 14, 2006 F Rating — 1 and 2 Hr (See Item 1) T Rating — 0 Hr C USCLASSIFI E DA 1 2 4 2 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 228 of 950 EXHIBIT B 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 229 of 950 Copyright © 2020, Revision #3, ProVent Systems Inc., All Rights Reserved 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 230 of 950 ProVent System Components 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 231 of 950 Table of Contents Introduction to ProVent Systems Page 4 Rules for ProVent Stacks and StackVent Fitting Page 5 Rules for the ProVent BaseVent Fitting Page 6 Rules for Branch Openings Page 7 Chart 1: Fixture Unit Values by Type of Fixture Page 8 Chart 2: Maximum Loading by Branch Page 9 Chart 3: Maximum Loading by Stack Page 9 Chart 4: Maximum Loading by Building Drain Page 9 StackVent Dimensions Page 10 BaseVent Dimensions Page 11 Drawings to Illustrate Rules for Use of StackVent Pages 12-21 Drawings to Illustrate Rules for Use of BaseVent Pages 22-28 Drawings to Illustrate Rules for Branch Openings Pages 29-34 Drawings 31a-f: Other Examples of ProVent Fixture Branches Page 35 Drawing 32: Example of Side-by-Side Layouts Page 36 Drawings 33 a-b: Example of Single Unit Layouts Page 37 Drawings 34 a-c: Example of Back-to-Back Layouts Pages 38-39 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 232 of 950 Page 4 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Introduction to ProVent® Systems A PVC Plastic Single Stack Waste and Vent System The ProVent System® is a plumbing engineered single stack system that finally offers the industry a PVC equivalent to the cast iron Sovent® system. Introducing the ProVent Stack Fitting® and the ProVent Base Fitting®. This major change from cast iron fittings allows the installation of a complete PVC single stack drainage and vent system. If you use PVC but you want the benefits of a Sovent ®-style system, you can now use the ProVent System. Also, be- cause the ProVent System is not subject to corrosion, you can safely use it in coastal regions. The ProVent System® is particularly effective in multi-story buildings such as hotels, condos, and apartments where it creates considerable cost savings as well as enhanced performance and longevity. It increases the capacity of the plumbing stack, eliminates separate vent piping, and minimizes pipe penetrations. The ProVent Stack and the ProVent Base Fittings reduce the maximum flow velocity, increase the stack waste water capacity, and control the interior air pressures that can cause siphonage and blowout of fixture traps. ProVent Systems® Fittings were designed to further enhance acoustic performance by increasing wall thicknesses and providing sound absorbing ribs that greatly reduces the water noise associated with plastic piping. This new system cre- ates a sound-tested “Whisper-Quiet PVC Plumbing System”. This type of single stack system has been used for over forty years, with proven performance throughout the world. In addition to these proven benefits, the ProVent System provides the following: Flexible couplings that connect the piping from the Base to the Stack Fitting provide for a pipe expansion and contrac- tion system that works. A StackVent system that fits plumbing walls and will fit drop ceilings without requiring special recess boxes. Easier installation due to its light weight (7.5 pounds) and elimination of the need for hangers (when used with ProSet Systems fire-rated penetrations) . The plumbing approvals for using this new system are granted under the Alternate Materials & Methods or the Alternate Professional Engineers Design criteria in the Plumbing Codes based on ASSE 1043, ASTM D -2665, and NSF 14 Test & Design Standards. Note: All of the following rules and drawings are shown as examples. However, there may be other piping options not shown that may also comply with the intent of the ProVent rules. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 233 of 950 Page 5 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc 1. Rules for the ProVent® Stack and StackVent Fitting Note: The Charts referred to below are contained on pages 8 and 9. 1.1 The ProVent stack must be sized by the total number of fixture units (D.F.U.) discharging into it. Chart 1 provides the number of fixture units by individual fixture. The sum of the fixture units for all fixtures discharging into the stack equals the total fixture units. Chart 3 provides the required stack size by total fixture units. The stack size shall continu e full size through the roof. 1.2 A ProVent Stack Fitting is required to be used at each floor level when the horizontal soil or waste branch collected is either the same size or one pipe size smaller than the vertical ProVent Stack Fitting. 1.3 Waste branches that are two (2) pipe sizes smaller than the stack can be connected with a sanitary tee or wye di- rectly into the ProVent stack (between ProVent Stack Fittings). 1.4 If there are no branch connections at a floor level, there is no need to use the ProVent Stack Fitting. Instead, a dou- ble in-line offset must be used in its place. The vertical interval between the Stack Fitting and the in -line offset shall not exceed 20 feet and no more than two (2) consecutive double in-line offsets can be used. 1.5 Offsets in the ProVent Stack of more than 60 degrees require a ProVent Base Fitting with a pressure relief vent line tied into the top vertical portion of the continuation of a ProVent Stack. If the vertical stack is not part of the ProVent System, the PRL can tie back into the horizontal drain. Branch piping can be connected to the offset soil piping above the centerline of the main drain. The offset piping shall be sized by chart 4 using all fixture units discharging above the offset, this may require resizing the stack. A 45 degree change in direction is considered vertical and not an offset. Waste branches (1) one pipe size smaller can be connected to the pressure relief vent line with the exception of wash- ing machine wastes. All new front load washing machines use HE laundry detergents that no longer create sudsing problems eliminating the need to isolate its laundry stacks. 1.6 The drain size of horizontal offsets greater than 60 degrees is determined by the total fixture unit load shown in chart 4 discharging upstream of the offset. 1.7 Stacks may offset above the highest fixture served. When the horizontal offset exceeds twenty (20) feet, the diame- ter of the horizontal offset and the vent through the roof must be increased one pipe size 1.8 Combinations of vent stacks may be tied together above the highest fixture served before going through the roof. The combined vertical stack must be increased (1) one pipe size larger than the combined stacks. If the distance be- tween the two (2) stacks that connect is greater than twenty (20) feet, the horizontal branch must be one (1) pipe size larger than the downstream stack. Sizing for three or more combined vent headers is based on the cumulative DFU total from each stack and capacities in the Multiple Header Ratings chart on page 17. 1.9 An additional stack may be connected to another ProVent vertical stack by using a wye and 1/8 bend in -between a Base Fitting and a wye in the main stack for the PRL line. Sizing of the branch is made by the DFUs upstream from the connection. Sizing of the main ProVent stack is made by the total DFUs from the combination of both stacks. The PRL from the BaseVent must be tied back into the run of the drain. 1.10 Additional stacks may be connected to a ProVent stack by using a wye and 1/8 bend for one stack and a 1/4 bend for the other. The PRL from one of the BaseVents must be tied into the vertical stack; the other can be tied in above the centerline in the horizontal drain. Sizing of the offsets and stacks are made by the total DFUs draining into them. 1.11 (Optional) Plastic pipe expansion and contraction should be provided in all buildings exceeding 3 stories. The Pro- Set solvent cemented firestop couplings will restrain pipe movement between the floors. The EZ Mechanical Flex Cou- pling allows ½” up or down movement in -between each floor. The two-step anchor and flex combination controls plas- tic DWV pipe expansion and contraction within a building of any height. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 234 of 950 Page 6 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc 2. Rules for the ProVent® BaseVent Fitting Note: The Charts referred to below are contained on pages 8 and 9. Note: The corresponding drawings are shown as examples of the rules. However, there may be other options not shown in the drawings. 2.1 A ProVent Base Fitting must be installed at the base of each vertical stack before it enters the horizontal building drain. If the vertical distance to the closest ProVent Stack Fitting exceeds twenty feet (20’-0") an inline offset must be installed within five feet (5’-0") above the ProVent Base Fitting. The building drain size is calculated by using Chart 4 in accordance with the fixture unit values (D.F.U.) for all fixtures discharging into it as shown in Chart 1. 2.2 The ProVent Base Fitting has a pressure relief vent opening that extends up then makes a 180 degree turn down- ward using pipe and fittings that connect to the horizontal building drain at a point no less than 10 pipe diameters downstream from the center line of the vertical stack to the centerline of the branch wye. The pressure relief vent line may run parallel to the horizontal drain and must connect above the centerline of the drain. In situations when existing elevations require the soil or waste branches to be made flat with the main drain, a minimum distance of 40” is required between the centerline of the stack and the wye branch. 2.3 A ProVent Base Fitting must be used on any stack offsets within the stack of more than 60 degrees with the pres- sure relief vent connection running from the Base Fitting back into the vertical drop portion of the ProVent stack. If the vertical stack is not part of the ProVent System, the PRL vent can tie back into the horizontal drain as shown in Drawing 2.5. A cleanout is required at the base of the stack. When there are no fixture openings taken off the horizontal building drain, a cleanout must also be added to the vertical PRL line. 2.4 Soil and waste branches can be connected into the building drain between the stack and the relief vent when the connections are made above the center line of the building drain. Above centerline branch connections are not required when branches are made a minimum of 40 inches downstream from the centerline of the stack and upstream from the PRL. Branch loading should be in accordance with Chart 2. 2.5 Waste branches at least (1) one pipe size smaller can be connected to the pressure relief horizontal vent line. No waste branch is allowed to connect to the 2” PRL. No connections should be made into the vertical portion of the PRL. 2.6 Soil or waste branches may connect directly into the vertical stack directly below the ProVent Base Fitting only when the connections are made using fittings such as a combination wye and 1/8 bend. 2.7 Soil and waste branches can connect downstream from the pressure relief vent, at the point where the ProVent Sys- tem ends, to pick up remote conventional plumbing fixtures. Conventional plumbing vents can tie back into the ProVent vertical stack below the Stack Fitting using an upright wye and 1/8 bend. Vent sizing is based on the additional fixture units or the vents can be separately vented through the roof in accordance with locally accepted plumbing code venting methods and sizing. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 235 of 950 Page 7 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc 3. Rules for Branch Openings Note: The Charts referred to below are contained on pages 8 and 9. Note: The corresponding drawings are shown as examples of the rules. However, there may be other options not shown in the drawings. 3.1 All branch piping sizes and loads should be in accordance with Chart 1. Branch piping should have a minimum of 1/8" per foot pitch. 3.2 Branches that change directions three (3) times by 90 degrees should increase one pipe size at the offset nearest the stack. This increase does not apply if one (1) of the changes can be made with two (2) forty five degree fittings or a short sweep 90 degree fitting. 3.3 If two (2) 3.5 gpf public water closets are connected to the same branch, the first connection can be 3" then in- creased to 4" at the second connection. This increase is not required for the 1.6 gpf low flow flush water closets. Check manufacturers installation instructions for pressure assisted type water closets or large flush valves that may require special fittings or spacing requirements for back to back installations. 3.4 4" Size branches shall not exceed a developed length of 27 feet. 3" Size branches shall not exceed a developed length of 15 feet. 2" Size branches shall not exceed a developed length of 15 feet. These lengths include any horizontal pipe offsets but the length of the vertical drop arms is not included (see Rule 3.5 for restrictions on vertical drops). Hori- zontal to horizontal branch connections should be made with wye type fittings. 3.5 Vertical branches should not exceed 40". A 45 degree offset can extend the drop pipe to 40" from the top 45 degree fitting to the fixture outlet. When a vertical drop into a horizontal waste exceeds 10 feet both must increase one (1) pipe size. 3.6 1-¼" size fixture traps can be connected back to back into one 2" vertical drop. 1-½" size fixture traps require sep- arate 2" drops. 1-1/2" and larger traps can use a single vertical drop by increasing the drop one (1) pipe size. Horizontal waste branches without vertical drops are sized per chart 2. Special Note: ProVent systems recommends and designs washing machine connections to serve washing machines which require the use of no sudsing high efficiency detergents. 3.7 An alternate to increase developed lengths can be done by using a revent line or by telescoping smaller to larger pipe sizes or by using an Air Admittance Valve where applicable and permitted. The revent line shall be routed vertically and horizontally and tie in above the flood rim level using a wye branch looking up. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 236 of 950 Page 8 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Chart 1: Fixture Unit Values Using Water Saving Fixtures Fixture Fixture Units Bathrooms Water Closet: Flush Valve 6 Water Closet: Tank Operated 3 Urinal: Pedestal 6 Urinal: Non-Pedestal 2 Bidet 2 Bathtub (with or w/o shower) 2 Shower (per showerhead) 2 Lavatory 1 Bathroom Group 1: Lavatory, Bathtub (with or w/o shower), Flush Valve Water Closet 8 Bathroom Group 2: Lavatory, Bathtub (with or w/o shower), Tank Operated Water Closet 4 Kitchens Sink (with disposal with or w/o dishwasher connection) 2 Sink (scullery) 2 Dishwasher 2 Laundry Room Washing Machine 2 Laundry Tray (One or Two Compartments) 2 Specialty Fixtures Sink: Flushing Rim with Valves 6 Sink: Service (P-Trap) 2 Sink: Service (Standard Trap) 3 Lavatory: Surgeon 2 Lavatory: Hairdresser, Beauty Parlor 2 Miscellaneous Floor Drain: 2” 2 Drinking Fountain 1 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 237 of 950 Page 9 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Maximum Loading by Branch, Stack and Building in Fixture Units Chart 2: Maximum Loading by Branch Chart 3: Maximum Loading by Stack Chart 4: Maximum Loading by Building Drain Stack Size Fixture Units 3” 64 3” (over 7 stories) 102 4” 504 5” 1,010 6” 2,200 8” 3,900 Slope 2% (1/4” per foot) Slope 1% (1/8” per foot) Drain Size Fixture Units Fixture Units 3” 42 36 4” 216 180 5” 350 280 6” 850 680 8” 2,700 2,160 10” 3,900 3,120 12” 5,800 4,640 Slope 2% (1/4” per foot) Slope 1% (1/8” per foot) Drain Size Fixture Units Fixture Units 2” 6 5 2½” 12 9 3” 16 13 4” 90 72 *Only two water closets may be connected to a common 3” soil branch. Increase one pipe size when downstream fixtures are added *This table also applies to stack offsets, base fittings, and PRL lines for the combined load of fixture units upstream from the offset. *12 water closets are permitted into a 3” stack when using a 4” building drain. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 238 of 950 Page 10 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc StackVent Dimensions 3" 7-3/4" 19-1/4" 3-1/2" 3-1/2" 9" 10-1/4" 6-1/2" 5-3/4" 4-1/4" 4" 9-3/4" 23-3/4" 4-1/2" 4-1/2" 10-3/4" 13" 8" 7" 5-1/4" A B C D G E F H I *Stack fitting can be ordered with optional mixed male or female ends * * 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 239 of 950 Page 11 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc BaseVent Dimensions 3" x 2" 9-1/2" 11" 4" 2-3/4" 6" 9-1/4" 4" x 3" 11 -1/2" 13-1/2" 5" 4" 7" 11" A B1 C D E B2 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 240 of 950 Page 12 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Stack and StackVent Fitting Rule 1.2 A ProVent Stack Fitting is required to be used at each floor level when the horizontal soil or waste branch collected is either the same size or one pipe size smaller than the vertical ProVent Stack Fitting. Drawing 1.2 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 241 of 950 Page 13 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Stack and StackVent Fitting Rule 1.3 Waste branches that are two (2) pipe sizes smaller (2½” included) than the stack can be connected with a sanitary tee or wye directly into the ProVent stack (between ProVent Stack Fittings). Drawing 1.3 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 242 of 950 Page 14 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Stack and StackVent Fitting Rule 1.4 If there are no branch connections at a floor level, there is no need to use the ProVent Stack Fitting. Instead, a double in-line offset must be used in its place. The vertical interval between the Stack Fitting and the in -line offset shall not exceed 20 feet and no more than two (2) consecutive double in-line offsets can be used. When a conventional stack starts at the lowest level in a building, then travels up through vertical areas like parking decks of twenty feet or more, and is the same size as the ProVent stack, it should use an inline offset every twenty feet until the stack turns into a ProVent horizontal collection system. Drawing 1.4 Lower-Level Plumbing 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 243 of 950 Page 15 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Stack and StackVent Fitting Rule 1.5 Offsets in the ProVent Stack of more than 60 degrees require a ProVent Base Fitting with a pressure relief vent line tied into the top vertical portion of the continuation of a ProVent Stack. If the vertical stack is not part of the ProVent Sys- tem, the PRL can tie back into the horizontal drain. Branch piping can be connected to the offset soil piping above the centerline of the main drain. The offset piping shall be sized by chart 4 using all fixture units discharging above the off- set, this may require resizing the stack. A 45 degree change in direction is considered vertical and not an offset. Waste branches (1) one pipe size smaller can be connected to the pressure relief vent line with the exception of washing ma- chine wastes. All new front load washing machines use HE laundry detergents that no longer create sudsing problems eliminating the need to isolate its laundry stacks. Detail: “A-A” Detail: “B-B” Drawing 1.5 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 244 of 950 Page 16 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Stack and StackVent Fitting Rule 1.7 Stacks may offset above the highest fixture served. When the horizontal offset exceeds twenty (20) feet, the diameter of the horizontal offset and the vent through the roof must be increased one pipe size. Drawing 1.7 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 245 of 950 Page 17 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Stack and StackVent Fitting Rule 1.8 Combinations of vent stacks may be tied together above the highest fixture served before going through the roof. The combined vertical stack must be increased (1) one pipe size larger than the combined stacks. If the distance between the two (2) stacks that connect is greater than twenty (20) feet, the horizontal branch must be increased one (1) pipe size larger than the downstream stack. Sizing for three or more combined vent headers is based on the cumulative DFU total from each stack and capacities in the Multiple Header Ratings table below. Drawing 1.8 Vent Header Size Maximum DFU Load 5” 600 6” 1380 8” 3600 Multiple Header Ratings 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 246 of 950 Page 18 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Stack and StackVent Fitting Rule 1.9 An additional stack may be connected to another ProVent vertical stack by using a wye and 1/8 bend in -between a Base Fitting and a wye in the main stack for the PRL line. Sizing of the branch is made by the DFUs upstream from the con- nection. Sizing of the main ProVent stack is made by the total DFUs from the combination of both stacks. The PRL from the Base Vent must be tied back into the run of the drain. Drawing 1.9 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 247 of 950 Page 19 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Stack and StackVent Fitting Rule 1.10 Additional stacks may be connected to a ProVent stack by using a wye and 1/8 bend for one stack and a 1/4 bend for the other. The PRL from one of the BaseVents must be tied into the vertical stack; the other can be tied in above the centerline in the horizontal drain. Sizing of the offsets and stacks are made by the total DFUs draining into them. Drawing 1.10 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 248 of 950 Page 20 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Stack and StackVent Expansion/Contraction 1.11 Plastic pipe expansion and contraction should be provided in all buildings exceeding 3 stories. The ProSet solvent ce- mented firestop couplings will restrain pipe movement between the floors. The EZ Mechanical Flex Coupling allows ½” up or down movement in-between each floor. The two-step anchor and flex combination controls plastic DWV pipe ex- pansion and contraction within a building of any height. Drawing 1.11 1/4” Void top 1/4” Bottom 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 249 of 950 Page 21 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc EZ Mechanical Flex Installation Instructions Leave a 2-1/2” gap between the pipes 1. Roll both flex ends to meet each other 2. Insert the rolled up ends into the gap 3. Roll back the two ends onto the pipes 4. Tighten up the stainless steel bands 5. EZ Flex joint flexes vertical and horizontal 6. ProVent Stack Fitting 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 250 of 950 Page 22 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc BaseVent Fitting Rule 2.1 A ProVent Base Fitting must be installed at the base of each vertical stack before it enters the horizontal building drain. If the vertical distance to the closest ProVent Stack Fitting exceeds twenty feet (20’-0") an inline offset must be installed within five feet (5’-0") above the ProVent Base Fitting. The building drain size is calculated by using Chart 4 in accord- ance with the fixture unit values (D.F.U.) for all fixtures discharging into it as shown in Chart 1. Drawing 2.1 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 251 of 950 Page 23 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc BaseVent Fitting Rule 2.2 The ProVent Base Fitting has a pressure relief vent opening that extends up then makes a 180 degree turn downward using pipe and fittings that connect to the horizontal building drain at a point no less than 10 pipe diameters down- stream from the center line of the vertical stack to the centerline of the branch wye. The pressure relief vent line may run parallel to the horizontal drain and must connect above the centerline of the drain. In situations when existing eleva- tions require the soil or waste branches to be made flat with the main drain, a minimum distance of 40” is required be- tween the centerline of the stack and the wye branch. Drawing 2.2 Detail: “A-A” 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 252 of 950 Page 24 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc BaseVent Fitting Rule 2.3 A ProVent Base Fitting must be used on any stack offsets within the stack of more than 60 degrees with the pressure relief vent connection running from the Base Fitting back into the vertical drop portion of the ProVent stack. If the verti- cal stack is not part of the ProVent System, the PRL vent can tie back into the horizontal drain as shown in Drawing 2.5. A cleanout is required at the base of the stack. When there are no fixture openings taken off the horizontal building drain, a cleanout must also be added to the vertical PRL line. Detail: “A-A” Drawing 2.3 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 253 of 950 Page 25 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc BaseVent Fitting Rule 2.4 Soil and waste branches can be connected into the building drain between the stack and the relief vent when the con- nections are made above the center line of the building drain. Above centerline branch connections are not required when branches are made a minimum of 40 inches down from the centerline of the stack and upstream from the PRL. Branch loading should be in accordance with Chart 2. Detail: “B-B” Drawing 2.4 Detail: “A-A” 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 254 of 950 Page 26 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc BaseVent Fitting Rule 2.5 Waste branches at least (1) one pipe size smaller can be connected to the pressure relief horizontal vent line. No waste branch is allowed to connect to the 2” PRL. No connection should be made into the vertical portion of the PRL. Detail: “A-A” Drawing 2.5 Detail: “B-B” 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 255 of 950 Page 27 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc BaseVent Fitting Rule 2.6 Soil or waste branches may connect directly into the vertical stack directly below the ProVent Base Fitting only when the connections are made using fittings such as a combination wye and 1/8 bend. Drawing 2.6 Detail: “A-A” 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 256 of 950 Page 28 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc BaseVent Fitting Rule 2.7 Soil and waste branches can connect downstream from the pressure relief vent, at the point where the ProVent System ends, to pick up remote conventional plumbing fixtures. Conventional plumbing vents can tie back into the ProVent ver- tical stack below the Stack Fitting using an upright wye and 1/8 bend. Vent sizing is based on the additional fixture units or the vents can be separately vented through the roof in accordance with locally accepted plumbing code venting meth- ods and sizing. Drawing 2.7 Conventional Plumbing System ProVent Plumbing System 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 257 of 950 Page 29 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Branch Opening Rule 3.2 Horizontal branches that change directions three (3) times by 90 degrees should increase one pipe size at the offset nearest the stack. This increase does not apply if one (1) of the changes can be made with two (2) forty five degree fittings or a long sweep 90 degree fitting. Branch Opening Rule 3.1 All branch piping sizes and loads should be in accordance with Chart 2. Branch piping should have a minimum of 1/8" per foot pitch. (See Chart 2) Drawing 3.2 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 258 of 950 Page 30 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Branch Opening Rule 3.3 If two (2) 3.5 gpf public water closets are connected to the same branch, the first connection can be 3" then increased to 4" at the second connection. This increase is not required for the 1.6 gpf low flush water closets. Check manufactur- ers installation instructions for pressure assisted type water closets or large flush valves that may require special fitting s or spacing requirements for back to back installations. Drawing 3.3 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 259 of 950 Page 31 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Branch Opening Rule 3.4 4" Size branches shall not exceed a developed length of 27 feet. 3" Size branches shall not exceed a developed length of 15 feet. 2" Size branches shall not exceed a developed length of 15 feet. These lengths include any horizontal pipe off- sets but the length of the vertical drop arms is not included (see Rule 3.5 for restrictions on vertical drops). Horizontal t o horizontal branch connections should be made with wye type fittings. Drawing 3.4 * A maximum distance of 27 ft. is allowed on a 4” soil branch. However, it is recommended that the use of 3” pipe be maximized for 1.6 GPF toilet systems. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 260 of 950 Page 32 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Branch Opening Rule 3.5 Vertical branches should not exceed 40”. A 45 degree offset can extend the drop pipe to 40" from the top 45 degree fitting to the fixture outlet. Branch piping with a vertical drop into a horizontal waste exceeds 10 feet both must increase one (1) pipe size. Drawing 3.5 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 261 of 950 Page 33 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Branch Opening Rule 3.6 1-¼" size fixture traps can be connected back to back into one 2" vertical drop. 1 -½" size fixture traps require separate 2" drops. Horizontal waste branches without vertical drops are sized per chart 2. Special Note: ProVent systems recommends and designs washing machine connections to serve washing machines which require the use of no sudsing high efficiency detergents. Drawing 3.6 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 262 of 950 Page 34 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Branch Opening Rule 3.7 An alternate to increase developed lengths can be done by using a revent line or by telescoping smaller to larger pipe sizes or by using an Air Admittance Valve where applicable and permitted. The revent line shall be routed vertically and horizontally and tie in above the flood rim level using a wye branch looking up. Drawing 3.7 * The maximum branch size is two sizes smaller than the stack size 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 263 of 950 Page 35 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Lavatories: Vertical Branch Lavatories: Horizontal Branch Washing Machines: Vertical Branch (Using HE Detergents) Washing Machines: Horizontal Branch (Using HE Detergents) Other Examples of ProVent Fixture Branches Drawing 31a Drawing 31b Drawing 31d Drawing 31e Sinks: Vertical Branch Sinks: Horizontal Branch Drawing 31f Drawing 31c 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 264 of 950 Page 36 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Example: Side by Side Layouts Typical Side by Side Base of Stack Typical Side by Side Drawing 32 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 265 of 950 Page 37 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Example: Single Unit Layouts Typical Single Unit Typical Single Unit Base of Stack Detail: “A-A” Detail: “B-B” Drawing 33a Drawing 33b 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 266 of 950 Page 38 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Example 1: Back to Back Layouts Typical Back to Back Base of Stack Typical Back to Back Drawing 34a Drawing 34b 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 267 of 950 Page 39 Copyright2020 ProVent Systems. Inc Alternate Back to Back Example 2: Back to Back Layouts (Alternative Layout for Upper Floors) Drawing 34c 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 268 of 950 IMPORTANT NOTICE This manual shows the basic plumbing rules that have been used for over 40 years for both the copper and cast iron Sovent systems. The same rules apply for this PVC plastic ProVent System that includes both the ProVent Stack and Base fittings. ProVent Systems may include conventional plumbing that must be installed in accordance with local plumbing codes. The vents from conventional plumbing may be tied into the ProVent stack as indicated within this manual. ProVent Systems can assist in job design and inspections under certain understood conditions with the contractor or plumb- ing engineer. Job quotations may or may not include these services where required. Contact us for further information. All additional piping, fittings, pipe supports, firestopping and other items that are supplied by others, should be in strict ac- cordance with good piping practices and all applicable codes having jurisdiction. When the rules used in this manual are adhered to without any deviations the system is known to function properly. How- ever, any unknown deviation may reduce the integrity of this system. Therefore, the user must assume all responsibility for the integrity and performance of the completed DWV plumbing system and for adherence to all the rules included in this manual. ProVent Systems cannot assume responsibility for the performance of the complete DVW system other than for the perfor- mance of the individual components supplied by ProVent Systems, as stated in the “Limited Parts Warranty”, below. LIMITED PARTS WARRANTY Sellers products are carefully inspected for manufacturing defects; however, it is not always possible to detect hidden defec ts. Said products are warranted only to the extent that seller will replace without charge, products proved to have manufacturing defects within 6 months of the d ate of delivery thereof and provided seller has been given an opportunity to inspect the product alleged to be defective and the installation or use thereof. NO WARRANTY IS INCLUDED AGAINST ANY EXPENSE FOR REMOVAL, REINSTALLATION OR OTHER CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM ANY DEFECT. THE WARRANTIES SET OUT ABOVE ARE THE ONLY WARRANTIES MADE BY SELLER AND ARE EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OR MERCHANTABILTY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PROPOSE. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 269 of 950 EXHIBIT C 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 270 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 271 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 272 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 273 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 274 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 275 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 276 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 277 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 278 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 279 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 280 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 281 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 282 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 283 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 284 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 285 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 286 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 287 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 288 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 289 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 290 of 950 EXHIBIT D 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 291 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 292 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 293 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 294 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 295 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 296 of 950 EXHIBIT E 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 297 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 298 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 299 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 300 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 301 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 302 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 303 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 304 of 950 EXHIBIT F 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 305 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 306 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 307 of 950 EXHIBIT G 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 308 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 309 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 310 of 950 EXHIBIT H 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 311 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 312 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 313 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 314 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 315 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 316 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 317 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 318 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 319 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 320 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 321 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 322 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 323 of 950 EXHIBIT I 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 324 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 325 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 326 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 327 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 328 of 950 EXHIBIT J 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 329 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 330 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 331 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 332 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 333 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 334 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 335 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 336 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 337 of 950 EXHIBIT K 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 338 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 339 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 340 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 341 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 342 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 343 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 344 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 345 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 346 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 347 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 348 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 349 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 350 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 351 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 352 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 353 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 354 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 355 of 950 EXHIBIT L 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 356 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 357 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 358 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 359 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 360 of 950 EXHIBIT M 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 361 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 362 of 950 EXHIBIT N 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 363 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 364 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 365 of 950 EXHIBIT O 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 366 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 367 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 368 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 369 of 950 EXHIBIT P 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 370 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 371 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 372 of 950 EXHIBIT Q 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 373 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 374 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 375 of 950 EXHIBIT R 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 376 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 377 of 950 EXHIBIT S 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 378 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 379 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 380 of 950 EXHIBIT T 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 381 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 382 of 950 EXHIBIT U 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 383 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 384 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 385 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 386 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 387 of 950 EXHIBIT V 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 388 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 389 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 390 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 391 of 950 EXHIBIT W 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 392 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 393 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 394 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 395 of 950 EXHIBIT X 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 396 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 397 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 398 of 950 EXHIBIT Y 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 399 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 400 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 401 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 402 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 403 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 404 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 405 of 950 EXHIBIT Z 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 406 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 407 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 408 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 409 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 410 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 411 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 412 of 950 EXHIBIT AA 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 413 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 414 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 415 of 950 EXHIBIT BB 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 416 of 950 BBBlue [Street Address][City], [State][Postal Code] Phone: [Your Phone]Fax: [Your Fax] E-Mail: schultz.jeremy@gmail.comWeb: [Web Address] Blue Works Inc. A Brief Overview of Sovent Sewer Stack Systems, their Issues and Blue Works Un-Matched Results in Returning Sovent Piping to Original Operating Condition with the Least Destruction Required SOVENT 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 417 of 950 Blue Works Inc. (877) 258-3664, Team@Blueworkscompany.com, www.Blueworkscompany.com Blue Works Sovent Systems 2 Following is Critical Information regarding Cast Iron (Single Stack) Sovent Systems, their design, intent, issues & Blue Works, Engineer Approved experience in restoring these systems back to full operating condition, with the least amount of invasive access required, un-matched by any of our competition to date, we have the answers, resume and undisputed qualified experience to make small work of Big Sovent Problems. Please Contact Blue Works to Resolve Sovent Problems 3. Brief Resume 10. Investigation into Complaints 1993 4. Letters of Reference 11. The Bigger Problem – Cracking Pipes 6. Cleaning Technology Comparison 12. Engineers Investigation into Cracked Pipe 7. Work Area Protection 13. Before & After Blue Works Cleaning 8. Sovent Device Exposed 14. Conclusion 9. Typical Installation in a Building Blue Works always recommends (a)n Qualified / Experienced Engineer Reviews the Completed Work upon completion, Due to the Complexity of these, Systems and the Work Required, Blue Works has Multiple Engineers who have Completed Projects and can be Contacted Upon Request Throughout the years, the Sovent Design Guide and its Application has been Changed, each Building requires a Blue Print Review, Video Inspection and Interview of the onsite Staff to Properly Identify the work required. Thank You, Table of Contents: Engineer Reference System Breakdown 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 418 of 950 Blue Works Inc. (877) 258-3664, Team@Blueworkscompany.com, www.Blueworkscompany.com Blue Works Sovent Systems 3 The Ritz-Carlton, Amelia Island Bill Hickman, Senior Engineer Fernandina Beach, FL 8 Story, 448 Unit, So-Vent Single Stack Plumbing System 40 Vertical Sanitary Risers Accessed, Inspected, Cleaned & Re-inspected, completed in March 2015 with the balance of the Vertical Risers to be completed in November 2015 The Ritz-Carlton, Tysons Corner Steve Grubic, Senior Engineer Mclean, VA 24 Story, So-Vent Single Stack Plumbing System 3 Vertical Sanitary Risers Accessed, Inspected, Cleaned & Re-inspected, completed in November 2015 with the balance of the Vertical Risers to be completed in November 2016 Marbella Condominium Association, Ralph Lustik – Maintenance Director Naples, FL 21 Story, 118 Unit, So-Vent Single Stack System 6 Vertical Sanitary Kitchen Risers Accessed, Inspected, Cleaned & Re-inspected, including Cleaning & Lining of the Overhead 1st Floor Main, completed in August 2014 Sancerre Condominium Association, Inc. Roberta McFarland – Property Manager Naples, FL 9 Story, 23 Unit, So-Vent Single Stack System 38 Vertical Sanitary Risers Accessed, Inspected, Cleaned & Re-inspected, including Cleaning & Lining of the Overhead 1st Floor Garage Piping Down through to the Slab, completed in July 2014 Riva Del Lago Tom McCarter – Board President (2) 22 Story Towers 10 Kitchen and Bathroom So-Vent Single Stacks cleaned and RE-inspected Fort Myers, FL Vinoy Place Condominium Association, Inc. Jill Silverman – Community Manager (4) 13 Story Towers 44 Sanitary Kitchen, Bathroom, & Laundry Risers Cleaned & Re-Inspected St. Petersburg, FL 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 419 of 950 Blue Works Inc. (877) 258-3664, Team@Blueworkscompany.com, www.Blueworkscompany.com Blue Works Sovent Systems 4 Riva Del Lago M a n a g e m e n t   O f f i c e 14350 Riva Del Lago Drive Fort Myers, Florida 33907 239‐432‐2824 Fax ~ 239‐432‐2827 ~ email: rivadellago@comcast.net May 7, 2015 Mr. Jeremy Schultz Managing Director Blueworks Company 4001 Sana Barbara Blvd.  Ste. 369 Naples, Florida  34104 www.blurworkscompany.com Dear Jeremy, In October, 2014 our Association hired a plumbing company to scope our Sovent sewer system pipes.  The report was  not good, our kitchen sewer stacks were clogged with grease and other objects and we feared that serious sewer  blockages were soon to occur.  We had already had three serious “backflows” into three different condos in our North  Tower. Our condominium consists of two 22 story towers connected by a four story parking garage which also houses four  apartments, our gym, library, business center, conference room, grand lobby and administrative offices.   Our Executive Committee authorized a plumbing company, which was a regular vendor to our Association, to proceed  with a cleaning attempt.  This was a big mistake; this company had no idea as to how to clean vertical Sovent sewer  stacks in 22 story high rise buildings.  Using a Jetter nozzle, a hose and a 3500 PSI pressure washer they forced their hose  through the pipes, eventually causing two more sewer eruptions in the South Tower condos and doing little to clean our  pipes.  The effort was a disaster. We fired those plumbers half way through the job!  Then we found Blueworks!  Blueworks scoped our pipes, examined  the building blueprints, developed a plan and in two weeks cleaned all ten of our sewer stacks to “like new” condition.   We asked the W.J. Johnson Engineering Company to examine the work and they confirmed it.  Blueworks restored our  kitchen sewer stacks to like new condition.  Our Association is delighted with the work that Blueworks did and the  professional way they did it. Shortly before Blueworks began the sewer cleaning project we called them to examine a leak dripping into a twelfth  floor condo.  Our other plumbers had located the leak in a pipe where it passed through a twelve inch concrete slab.   Their solution was to break out the concrete slab and replace the pipe.  Blueworks examined the leak, confirmed it was  in the concrete, and then within two hours fixed the leak by inserting a fiberglass liner in the pipe.  No broken concrete,  no fuss, no damage to our building or our condos.  Blueworks is a very professional company with substantial expertise;  they know what they are doing!  We give Blueworks our highest recommendation. For the Board of Directors Tom McCarter Tom McCarter  President 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 420 of 950 Blue Works Inc. (877) 258-3664, Team@Blueworkscompany.com, www.Blueworkscompany.com Blue Works Sovent Systems 5 The Blue Works Difference: Advanced Blue Works Proprietary Cleaning Equipment & Process will Clean to Plumbing’s Original Operating Diameter, The Right Way ! 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 421 of 950 Blue Works Inc. (877) 258-3664, Team@Blueworkscompany.com, www.Blueworkscompany.com Blue Works Sovent Systems 6 Blue Works Safe Guards Work Areas to Minimize Resident Disruption & Maintain Work Areas. Blue Works Typically only Needs One Access Point Per 10 Floors, to Clean a Stack, with the Equipment Connected at the Base, Typically in the Parking Garage. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 422 of 950 Blue Works Inc. (877) 258-3664, Team@Blueworkscompany.com, www.Blueworkscompany.com Blue Works Sovent Systems 7 Blue Works understands these systems and their design better than anyone else, here is a Cut-Away from a Sovent Device, the areas in Pink make traditional cleaning of the system more than difficult, and create areas for Pipe Occlusion, Reducing Positive Air Flow & Accelerating Pipe Debris Buildup. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 423 of 950 Blue Works Inc. (877) 258-3664, Team@Blueworkscompany.com, www.Blueworkscompany.com Blue Works Sovent Systems 8 Below are the Sovent Devices as they are installed in a Building, Typically each floor has the unit on the left (Areator), while the device on the right (De- Areator) is installed at the Base of the Stack, and sometimes at Transitions near the Roof. Page Bottom are few Examples of Schematics of Sovent Buildings Isometrics 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 424 of 950 Blue Works Inc. (877) 258-3664, Team@Blueworkscompany.com, www.Blueworkscompany.com Blue Works Sovent Systems 9 Below is a Investigation Report Completed in 1993, although there is no formal Conclusion, the public investigation 23 years ago, documenting Alleged Sovent Complaints & Problems, that are common today Lends the Impression that Sovent Issues are not Unique and Experienced Commonly, as Blue Works has developed the Equipment, Techniques & Price Structure to Remediate these Problems. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 425 of 950 Blue Works Inc. (877) 258-3664, Team@Blueworkscompany.com, www.Blueworkscompany.com Blue Works Sovent Systems 10 The Bigger Problem is Accelerated Pipe Cracking, or Stress Corrosion Cracking in Cast Iron, Due to Debris in the System, Below is an Example of a 10 Year Old Building Experiencing Failures & Leaks in their Sovent Cast Iron Piping. The Following Pages Identify the debris sitting on the interior of the Cast Iron Piping directly causes these Failures of the Cast Iron Piping. The only way to stop this degradation is to clean the Piping to Original Operating Diameter, once the Piping starts to leak, it will have to be replaced, or CCIP Lined, which is dramatically more expensive, a monumental undertaking. 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 426 of 950 Blue Works Inc. (877) 258-3664, Team@Blueworkscompany.com, www.Blueworkscompany.com Blue Works Sovent Systems 11 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 427 of 950 Blue Works Inc. (877) 258-3664, Team@Blueworkscompany.com, www.Blueworkscompany.com Blue Works Sovent Systems 12 The Blue Works Difference: Before Cleaning / After Cleaning, Same Pipe, Same Place, (Top) Sovent Piping Choked Off to Less than 2”, (Below) Sovent Re-Opened to 4” in Diameter Approx. 1 Hour Later, 1 Access Point, No Gimmicks, No Tricks, No Maybe’s 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 428 of 950 Blue Works Inc. (877) 258-3664, Team@Blueworkscompany.com, www.Blueworkscompany.com Blue Works Sovent Systems 13 Sovent Problems + Blue Works = Problem Solved If you made it this far, Thank You for reading, the basis is; Properly Cleaning Sovent Piping Systems is the only way to Maintain the Integrity of the Sovent System, or any Sanitary Piping System for that Matter, Most Properties do not Budget Annually to have their systems serviced, we find it Humorous that they typically spend more on Lawn Care and Paint then the one system they cannot live without. These systems need to be cleaned every about 10 years, However if Proper Access is Installed in the Units, the Cost of the work will go down Dramatically for the Following Years, Blue Works has additional information on other Techniques, Please Contact for Further Information: Blue Works Company Inc. 1(877) 258-3664 www.blueworkscompany.com 14605 49th Street North, Suite 11, Clearwater, FL 33762: Fax (941) 827-2997 3834 Exchange Ave, Suite 246, Naples, FL 34108 Team@blueworkscompany.com This Document and any accompanying attachments encompassing the Scope of Work, Proposal or “Bid” is the intellectual property of the creator. Any duplication, dissemination, distribution, use, disclosure or action taken on the reliance of this document by anyone other than the intended recipient is strictly prohibited, Blue Works Copyright 2016 Referenced Publications: Connie Manufacturing Publication: 10/20/2014 Sovent Design Manual: 101 Single Stack Investigation: 1993 CISPI Handbook: 2006 Vollmar-Gray Report: 2006 SCC Report: 1982, Revised 2000 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 429 of 950 EXHIBIT CC 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 430 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 431 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 432 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 433 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 434 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 435 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 436 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 437 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 438 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 439 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 440 of 950 EXHIBIT DD 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 441 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 442 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 443 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 444 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 445 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 446 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 447 of 950 EXHIBIT EE 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 448 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 449 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 450 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 451 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 452 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 453 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 454 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 455 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 456 of 950 EXHIBIT FF 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 457 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 458 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 459 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 460 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 461 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 462 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 463 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 464 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 465 of 950 EXHIBIT GG 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 466 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 467 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 468 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 469 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 470 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 471 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 472 of 950 EXHIBIT HH 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 473 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 474 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 475 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 476 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 477 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 478 of 950 EXHIBIT II 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 479 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 480 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 481 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 482 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 483 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 484 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 485 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 486 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 487 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 488 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 489 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 490 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 491 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 492 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 493 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 494 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 495 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 496 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 497 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 498 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 499 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 500 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 501 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 502 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 503 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 504 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 505 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 506 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 507 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 508 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 509 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 510 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 511 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 512 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 513 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 514 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 515 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 516 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 517 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 518 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 519 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 520 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 521 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 522 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 523 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 524 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 525 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 526 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 527 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 528 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 529 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 530 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 531 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 532 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 533 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 534 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 535 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 536 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 537 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 538 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 539 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 540 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 541 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 542 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 543 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 544 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 545 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 546 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 547 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 548 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 549 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 550 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 551 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 552 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 553 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 554 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 555 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 556 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 557 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 558 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 559 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 560 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 561 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 562 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 563 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 564 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 565 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 566 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 567 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 568 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 569 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 570 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 571 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 572 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 573 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 574 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 575 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 576 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 577 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 578 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 579 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 580 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 581 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 582 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 583 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 584 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 585 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 586 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 587 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 588 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 589 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 590 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 591 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 592 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 593 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 594 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 595 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 596 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 597 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 598 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 599 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 600 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 601 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 602 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 603 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 604 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 605 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 606 of 950 EXHIBIT JJ 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 607 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 608 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 609 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 610 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 611 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 612 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 613 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 614 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 615 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 616 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 617 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 618 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 619 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 620 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 621 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 622 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 623 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 624 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 625 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 626 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 627 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 628 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 629 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 630 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 631 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 632 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 633 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 634 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 635 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 636 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 637 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 638 of 950 EXHIBIT KK 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 639 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 640 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 641 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 642 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 643 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 644 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 645 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 646 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 647 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 648 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 649 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 650 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 651 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 652 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 653 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 654 of 950 EXHIBIT LL 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 655 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 656 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 657 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 658 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 659 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 660 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 661 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 662 of 950 EXHIBIT MM 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 663 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 664 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 665 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 666 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 667 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 668 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 669 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 670 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 671 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 672 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 673 of 950 EXHIBIT NN 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 674 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 675 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 676 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 677 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 678 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 679 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 680 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 681 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 682 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 683 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 684 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 685 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 686 of 950 EXHIBIT OO 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 687 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 688 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 689 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 690 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 691 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 692 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 693 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 694 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 695 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 696 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 697 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 698 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 699 of 950 EXHIBIT PP 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 700 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 701 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 702 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 703 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 704 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 705 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 706 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 707 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 708 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 709 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 710 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 711 of 950 EXHIBIT QQ 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 712 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 713 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 714 of 950 EXHIBIT RR 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 715 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 716 of 950 EXHIBIT SS 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 717 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 718 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 719 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 720 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 721 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 722 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 723 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 724 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 725 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 726 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 727 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 728 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 729 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 730 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 731 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 732 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 733 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 734 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 735 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 736 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 737 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 738 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 739 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 740 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 741 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 742 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 743 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 744 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 745 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 746 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 747 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 748 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 749 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 750 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 751 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 752 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 753 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 754 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 755 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 756 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 757 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 758 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 759 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 760 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 761 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 762 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 763 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 764 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 765 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 766 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 767 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 768 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 769 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 770 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 771 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 772 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 773 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 774 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 775 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 776 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 777 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 778 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 779 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 780 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 781 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 782 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 783 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 784 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 785 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 786 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 787 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 788 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 789 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 790 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 791 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 792 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 793 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 794 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 795 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 796 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 797 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 798 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 799 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 800 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 801 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 802 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 803 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 804 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 805 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 806 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 807 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 808 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 809 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 810 of 950 EXHIBIT TT 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 811 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 812 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 813 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 814 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 815 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 816 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 817 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 818 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 819 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 820 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 821 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 822 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 823 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 824 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 825 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 826 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 827 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 828 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 829 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 830 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 831 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 832 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 833 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 834 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 835 of 950 EXHIBIT UU 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 836 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 837 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 838 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 839 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 840 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 841 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 842 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 843 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 844 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 845 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 846 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 847 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 848 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 849 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 850 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 851 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 852 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 853 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 854 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 855 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 856 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 857 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 858 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 859 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 860 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 861 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 862 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 863 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 864 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 865 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 866 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 867 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 868 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 869 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 870 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 871 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 872 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 873 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 874 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 875 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 876 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 877 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 878 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 879 of 950 EXHIBIT VV 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 880 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 881 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 882 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 883 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 884 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 885 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 886 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 887 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 888 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 889 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 890 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 891 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 892 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 893 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 894 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 895 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 896 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 897 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 898 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 899 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 900 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 901 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 902 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 903 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 904 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 905 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 906 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 907 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 908 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 909 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 910 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 911 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 912 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 913 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 914 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 915 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 916 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 917 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 918 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 919 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 920 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 921 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 922 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 923 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 924 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 925 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 926 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 927 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 928 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 929 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 930 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 931 of 950 EXHIBIT WW 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 932 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 933 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 934 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 935 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 936 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 937 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 938 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 939 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 940 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 941 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 942 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 943 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 944 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 945 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 946 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 947 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 948 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 949 of 950 2022-01-04 BOAA Post Agenda Page 950 of 950