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HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem 1 - Attachment 2 - Appendix A `;,Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A Vision. 2020 1.0 OVERVIEW: COMMUNITY PROFILE & HOUSING NEEDS The City of Chula Vista used data that are the most reliable for assessing existing conditions. The Housing Element requires such information in order to implement future goals and meet the city's needs. Furthermore, such standard sources provide a basis for consistent comparison with older data and provide the best basis for forecasts. Primary Data Sources American Community Survey(ACS) The American Community Survey (ACS) is an ongoing survey that provides vital information yearly about our nation and its people.The yearly report goes further into the livelihoods of people in the US, providing more specific information than the census. California Department of Finance The State provides up-to-date numbers on population and housing. For housing,the State estimates total and occupied housing units, household size, household population, and group quarters population. ACS data are used to distribute 2010 census housing units into standard housing types (single detached units, single attached units, two to four units, five plus or apartment units, and mobile homes). Housing units are estimated by adding new construction and annexations and subtracting demolitions and adjusting for units lost or gained by conversions. California Employment Development Department(EDD) The EDD Data Library provides access to view and download data and information related to California industries, occupations, employment projections, wages, and labor force.The data can be used to better understand California's economy, to make informed labor market decisions, as a tool to direct efforts to promote the state's overall economic health, support workforce development, and much more. Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy(CHAS) Each year, HUD receives custom tabulations of ACS data from the U.S. Census Bureau.These data, known as the "CHAS" data, demonstrate the extent of housing problems and housing needs, particularly for low income households. On August 25, 2020 HUD released updated CHAS data for the 2013-2017 period, which is used in this Element. �ltl/ Page AA-1CtAV,STA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A SANDAG SANDAG 2030 and 2050 Regional Growth Forecast, Series 13. SANDAG produces growth forecasts of population, housing, employment, income, and land use for jurisdictions in San Diego County. These forecasts were used in the Housing Element to discuss future trends and needs. U.S. Census The Census data is information provided by the US population every ten years. It consists on information such as social, economic, housing and demographic information. Unfortunately, the Census was last updated in 2010, with data from the 2020 Census not available at this time. Because of this, 2010 Census data is typically used for historic context. Page AA-2 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula13Ri"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vimun. 2020 2 .0 COMMUNITY PROFILE 2.1 Population Trends and Characteristics Understanding the characteristics of a population is vital in the process of planning for the future needs of a community. Population characteristics affect the type and amount of housing need in a community. Issues such as population growth, race/ethnicity, age, and employment trends are factors that combine to influence the type of housing needed and the ability to afford housing. The following section describes and analyzes the various population characteristics and trends that affect housing need. 2.1.1 Historical, Existing & Forecasted Growth In 2019, the City of Chula Vista is the second largest city in San Diego County and 14th largest in California by population. The San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) has forecasted that the City of Chula Vista's population will increase by approximately 40 percent between 2010 and 2050 as shown in Table A-1. With this knowledge, the City of Chula Vista can begin to plan and act with the certainty that there is a need for more housing. Additionally, analyzing where future housing product is planned or currently in development as it compares to areas of population growth (Figure A-1) aids in better planning practices. Table A-1 San Diego Region and City of Chula Vista Population Forecast Location 2010 2020 2035 2050 2010- 2020- 2035- 2010- 2020 2035 2050 2050 Chula 243,916 286,744 320,297 343,752 42,828 33,553 23,455 99,836 Vista 40.9 of the 13% % % % % % % %* county San 1,321,315 1,453,267 1,665,609 1,777,936 152,53 210,53 102,01 465,083 Diego 35.7%* �ltl/ Page AA-3CtAVISTA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Table A-1 San Diego Region and City of Chula Vista Population Forecast Location 2010 2020 2035 2050 2010- 2020- 2035- 2010- 2020 2035 2050 2050 San 3,143,429 3,435,713 3,853,698 4,068,759 340,400 417,985 215,061 973,446 Diego 31.4%* County Notes: *Percent change from 2010 to 2050 Source: SANDAG."2050 Regional Growth Forecast."Series 13:2050 Regional Growth Forecast,2013. Figure A- 1 Chula Vista Population Growth 2010-2018 and Projected Growth 2018-2023 Pop Growth Legend 2010-201$ Chula Vista 2010-2018 Population:Annual Growth Rake 51.4% .w II u Population Growth 11 5 Mile by Census Tract y' City of Chula Vista Pop Growth 2018-2023 Mott Legendgam,If*Np I� Chula Vista 2018-2023 Population:Annual Growth(tate IIII�II�I�I�X'1.17% <4.45% � ww _ CM 1 B 5 MITE I I A sau Bsrl,U.S.Census Bureau,(ACS) Page AA-4 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vision. 2020 2.1.2 Age Composition Age is an important demographic factor for analyzing future housing needs and crafting policies to help meet the specific demands of different age groups. Traditionally, both the young adult population (20 to 34 years of age) and the elderly population tend to favor apartments, low- to moderate-cost condominiums, and smaller single-family units. Persons between 35- and 65- years old often provide the major market for moderate to high-cost apartments and condominiums and larger single-family units because they tend to have higher incomes and larger sized households. With a median age of 35 years of age, Chula Vista residents are generally comparable in age to those in the San Diego County region at 35.9 years of age.Table A-2 displays the age distribution in Chua Vista and San Diego County using American Community Survey data from 2018. This table shows that in 2018 the largest portion of the population was children aged zero to 14 years of age accounting for 21.2% of the population, then followed by those aged 45 to 59 (18.8%), younger persons aged 25 to 34 (14.5%), and then persons aged 35 to 44 (14.1%). Chula Vista's population can, therefore, be characterized predominately as being composed of families with children. The age distribution in Chula Vista is similar to the region's, showing larger population groups of children and persons between 45 and 59 years of age. Table A-2 Age Distribution Comparison (2018) Area 0-14 15-19 20-24 25-34 35-44 45-59 60-64 65+ Chula Vista 21.2% 7.1% 7.3% 14.5% 14.1% 18.8% 4.9% 12.1% San Diego 19.3% 7.3% 8.7% 15.2% 13.6% 19.7% 4.8% 11.4% County Source: Bureau of the Census(2018) �ltl/ Page AA-5CIAVISTA [N l"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A 2.1.3 Race and Ethnicity Chula Vista is diverse community, predominately Hispanic, with differing cultures and preferences. Figure A-2 shows that the largest portion of the population in Chula Vista is Hispanic at 60%, then White (non-Hispanic) at 17%, Asian 15.2%, Black 4%, and Multiple/Other 3%. "2019 Race and Hispanic Origin."GIS Mapping Software,Location Intelligence&Spatial Analytics,2019. Figure A-2 Race/Ethnicity Distribution(2018) Hispanic III,White Black im Asian lo Multiple Race Page AA-6 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A Vision. 2020 Table A-3 Race/Ethnicity in Chula Vista and San Diego County Area White Black Asian Native Pacific Other Two or Hispanic/ Only American Islander More Latino %Chula Vista Population 17.8% 4.0% 15.5% 0.1% 0.5% 0.3% 3.0% 58.8% %San Diego 13.2% 20.1% 10.7% 20.2% 15.6% 23.1% 14.3% 19.6% County Population Source:ACS 5-year estimates(2018) Table A-3 shows that the ethnic distribution of the Chula Vista population was predominantly Hispanic or Latino with San Diego County exhibiting more ethnic diversity,with "some other race" being the largest race/ethnicity followed closely by Native American, Black and Hispanic/Latino. The race/ethnic composition of City residents has remained stable in Chula Vista from 2018 compared to the 2010 Census. The racial and ethnic composition of a population may affect housing needs because of cultural preferences associated with different racial/ethnic groups. Cultural influences may reflect preference for a specific type of housing. For example, research has shown that some cultures (e.g. Hispanic and Asian) tend to maintain extended families within a single household. This tendency can lead to overcrowding or an increased demand for larger housing units. Ethnicity also tends to correlate with other characteristics such as location choices, mobility, and income. ■ ■ ■ �ltl/ Page AA-7 CIiUCtAVISTA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A 2.2 Employment Trends Housing needs are affected by employment trends. Significant employment opportunities within the City can lead to growth in demand for housing in proximity to jobs. The quality or pay of available employment can determine the need for various housing types and prices. In 2018, the City's top industries included: Professional and Business Services, Government, Education and Healthcare, Retail Trade, and Arts and Entertainment. These are expected to continue to employ the highest proportions of the civilian population in 2035. Meanwhile, agricultural and mining jobs continue to decline in the City. Employment has a large impact on housing needs and the demand for different types of housing. As shown in Table A-4, the City is projected to add a little over 31,000 jobs between 2020-2050. These will likely include low-and high-skill jobs, so housing in the City will need to accommodate a range of housing types at prices affordable to the range of household incomes. ("Economic Characteristics."Data.census.gov,2018.) Table A-4 Employment Growth (2010-2050) Numeric Jurisdiction 2010 2020 2050 %change change 2010-50 2010-50 Chula Vista 64,035 82,966 114,435 78.7% 50,400 Imperial Beach 3,592 4,556 4,830 34.5% 1,238 National City 26,826 30,293 39,785 48.3% 12,959 San Diego 764,671 867,567 1,009,177 32.0% 244,506 San Diego 1,421,941 1,624,124 1,911,405 34.4% 489,464 County Source:SANDAG Series 13 Subregional Growth Forecast(2013) In addition to preference, households are limited on housing choices based on income and resources. Incomes associated with different jobs and the number of individuals employed in a household determines the type and size of housing a household can afford.Table A-5 shows that the largest employers in Chula Vista are similar to those around the County, with the largest employment sector being Education Services, Health Care and Social Assistance followed by Professional, Scientific Management and Waste Management Services. This table is also an example of the differences in income by industry with Information being one of the highest Page AA-8 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A Vision 2020 paying employers but not a major industry in Chula Vista. In some cases, the types of jobs themselves can affect housing needs and demand. For example, specific types of housing units are preferred in communities with military installations, college campuses, and/or large amounts of seasonal agriculture. Table A-5 Number of Workers by Industry(2018) Industry Chula Vista San Diego Mean Annual Wage in the County Region (San Diego MSA) Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, 0.2% 0.9% $29,798-$33,243 Hunting and Mining Construction 6.1% 5.9% $53,760-$60,047 Manufacturing 8.3% 9.2% $39,500-$94,969 Wholesale Trade 2.7% 2.4% $65,599-$94,969 Retail Trade 11.0% 10.5% $37,650-$45,974 Transportation, Warehousing and 5.4% 4.1% $31,976-$54,945 Utilities Information 1.8% 2.2% $79,899-$104,627 Finance and Insurance, Real Estate, 5.6% 6.2% $45,974-$70,103 Rental and Leasing Professional,Scientific, Management 11.3% 15.1% $72,840-$136,531 and Waste Management Services Education Services, Health Care and 23.4% 21.3% $30,481-$102,053 Social Assistance Arts, Entertainment and Recreation, 10.7% 11.9% $61,614 Accommodations and Food Service Other Services, Except Public 4.7% 5.4% $26,030-$47,927 Administration Public Administration 8.6% 5.0% $94,926 Total Mean Annual Wage 100% 100% $64,461 Source: Census 2018 American Community Survey (2018) and California Employment Development Department (2010). Department, Employment Development. "Occupational Employment (May 2019) & Wage (2020 - 1st Quarter) Data." OES Employment and Wages. �ltl/ Page AA-9 CHUCIA'VISTA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Table A-6 Labor Force and Unemployment Population 16+ Employed Armed Forces Unemployed %Unemployed Jurisdiction Civilians Chula Vista 92,430 49,806 494 6,850 12.0% National City 48,150 23,993 4,192 2,284 7.5% San Diego(Central) 419,725 250,176 11,626 22,210 7.8% North Central 537,127 332,286 16,008 20,193 5.5% North Coastal 428,717 240,944 25,393 14,620 5.2% North Inland 472,043 279,950 2,953 16,902 5.6% East 388,512 222,113 3,099 20,151 8.2% San Diego County 2,636,785 1,536,073 72,524 116,758 6.8% Source:U.S.Census Bureau;2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates,Table D03 SANDAG's Series 13 shows a region wide average of 1.2 workers per dwelling unit. In Chula Vista this would result in 105,840 workers (1.2 x 88,200 dus) available for 83,000 jobs, a 1.27 worker- to-jobs ratio. Employment growth typically leads to strong housing demand, and the reverse is true when employment declines. The rate of unemployment has an effect on household income and what is considered affordable. In accordance with the ACS 5-year estimates, as shown in Table A-6, Chula Vista has the highest unemployment rates for all persons in the civilian workforce at 12% likely giving residents less of a choice in location, quality, or type of housing. In the San Diego County region,the unemployment rate is 6.8%, with rates in other areas ranging from 5.5% in northern regions and 7.8% in the Central San Diego region and 8.2% in the east. Page AA-10 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A Vision. 2020 As shown in Table A-7, the Sweetwater Union High School District is the top single employer in Chula Vista. In aggregate, the education industry employs 12 percent of the employees on the Top Ten Employer list.The health industry and retail and service industry are also very significant employers. Retail and Service companies employ about 6 percent of employees in Chula Vista. Hospitals that employ 5 percent of the total employees on the City's major employers list. The top ten employers have a total of 18,747 employees, which make up approximately 28.8 percent of the City's total employees. Table A-7 Top Ten Employers in Chula Vista (2019) Business Business Type Employees Percent of Employees Sweetwater Union High School Education 4,133 6.36% District Chula Vista Elementary School Education 3,680 5.66% District Sharp Chula Vista Medical Center Medical 2,287 3.52% Rohr Inc./Goodrich Aerospace Aerospace 1,928 2.97% Manufacturing Southwestern Community College Education 1,743 2.68% Wal-Mart Retail 1,323 2.03% City of Chula Vista Government 1,208 1.86% Scripps Mercy Hospital Medical 1,073 1.65% Aquatica Entertainment 698 1.07% Costco Retail 674 1.04% Target Retail - - Vons Retail - - Total - 18,747 28.84% "Total Employment"as used above represents the total employment of all employers located within City limits. Source: State Employment Development Department City Finance Department Sweetwater Union High School District Chula Vista Elementary School District Southwestern Community College EDD �ltl/ Page AA-11CtAVISTA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Employment rates are an indicator of economic trends in the City. Chula Vista's labor force grew from 119,700 in 2012 to 123,600 in 2019. Unemployment rates decreased from 11 to 3 percent from 2012 to 2019. This pattern of decreasing unemployment is representative of the effect that the economic is improving in the San Diego region, State, and Nation. Table A-8 Labor Force Trends Year Labor Force Employment Unemployment Unemployment Rate 2012 119,700 106,100 13,600 11.4% 2013 120,200 108,500 11,800 9.8% 2014 119,600 110,000 9,600 8.1% 2015 120,700 112,800 7,900 6.5% 2016 120,600 114,400 6,200 5.2% 2017 122,000 116,700 5,400 4.4% 2018 122,900 118,400 4,500 3.7% 2019 123,600 119,300 4,300 3.5% Notes:Data cited are for the Chula Vista population,and does not represent the number ofjobs in Chula Vista. Source:State of California Employment Development Department(EDD)2020 M E N Page AA-12 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula1l3Ri"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vimun. 2020 2.3 Education Characteristics The ACS 5-year estimates, as shown in Table A-9, shows that the educational level of Chula Vista residents is typically not as high as other regions within San Diego County. Approximately 29% of Chula Vista residents have not graduated from high school. This is a significant portion of the population when compared to the County average at 13%. Additionally, as seen in Table A-9, Chula Vista ranks as having the lowest percentage of residents who have obtained a bachelor's degree with only 10.9%, and only 4.2% go on to complete a graduate degree. Once again, Chula Vista ranks lower in educational achievement when compared to County averages of 23% completing a bachelor's degree and 14.4% obtaining a graduate degree. Table A-9 Educational Attainment Among Population 25+Years of Age Population Did NOT High School Some College Bachelor's Graduate Jurisdiction 25+ Graduate HS Graduate or AA Degree Degree Chula Vista 76,245 29.5% 25.2% 30.2% 10.9% 4.2% National City 37,765 27.2% 26.2% 32.3% 11.3°% 2.9% San Diego(Central) 343,499 19.8% 19.4% 29.1% 20.4% 11.3% North Central 446,752 5.2% 12.4% 27.0% 31.2% 24.2% North Coastal 352,761 10.7% 17.5% 31.1% 24.8% 15.8% North Inland 403,926 13.0% 18.0% 29.9% 24.4% 14.7% East 330,507 12.2% 25.0% 36.9°% 17.2% 8.8% San Diego County 2,197,045 13.3% 18.6% 30.7% 23.0% 14.4% Source: U.S.Census Bureau;2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates,Table DP02 Not only is there an overall lower educational achievement for residents of Chula Vista, the level of education is also related to geographic location within the City. Figure A-3 shows the education levels of residents over the age of 25 and there is an obvious divide between the west and east halves of Chula Vista. A significant majority of residents in areas west of 1-805 achieved a high school diploma or equivalent while the majority of residents east of the 1-805 have achieved a bachelor's degree or higher. The educational attainment by Chula Vista residents is consistent with the number of residents who are employed in low skill/wage industries. �ltl/ Page AA-13 CH6tAVISTA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Figure A- 1 Chula Vista Educational Level Bachelor's Dego ov Higher Legend fthest Education Completed Is Bachelor's Degree or Higher I os Perce,ft wr Population 25 dears and Over o i s Pill Educational Attainment fof the k r Cty of Chula Vista High to schoolIncludes Equivalen Legend Highest Eduootuorn Completed Is � High S'd)ool(Inc'Hu s EqurivWency) lWIT 520% P/ s 5 a 4�a E, �as� 44 9 3 5tr,110% L l Source Data U.S.Ceng u5 Bureau's AmeHcaan Community Swro y(ACS) 2014-2018 s->yeaf e5turmat M E N Page AA-14 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula13Ri"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vino . 2020 2.4 Household Characteristics This section provides an overview of the characteristics of Chula Vista's households. The U.S. Census Bureau defines a household as all persons living in a single housing unit. One person living alone is considered a household as is a group of unrelated people living in a single housing unit. A family is defined as related persons living within a single housing unit. The Census defines a household as all persons who occupy a housing unit, which may include single persons living alone, families related through marriage or blood and unrelated individuals living together. Other group living situations, such as skilled nursing facilities, dormitories, etc. are not considered households. The household characteristics described in this section are size and income, and these contribute to the diverse need for housing. According to the 2010 Census, there were 1,086,865 households (equal to occupied housing units) in all of San Diego County. 2.4.1 Household Formation & Composition Chula Vista has experienced a rapid increase in the number of households. Between 2010 and 2020 Chula Vista saw a 13 percent increase in the number of households. From 2010 to 2035,the City will see an increase of 26 percent of households. Table A-10 Total Households Percentage of Increase 2010-2018 Area 2010 2020 2035 % Increase 2010- 2035 Chula Vista 78,384 89,063 98,924 26% San Diego 515,426 559,197 640,194 24% San Diego County 1,158,076 1,249,654 1,394,688 20% Source: SANDAG SERIES 13 REGIONAL GROWTH FORECAST Different household types generally have different housing needs.Seniors oryoung adults usually comprise the majority of the single-person households and tend to reside in apartments, �ltl/ Page AA-15CtAVISTA [N l"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A condominiums or smaller single-family homes. Families with children likely prefer single-family homes. Household size is a significant factor in housing demand. Often, household size can be used to predict the unit size that a household will select. For example, small households (one and two persons per household) traditionally can find suitable housing in units with zero to two bedrooms while larger households (three or more persons per household) can usually find suitable housing in units with two to four bedrooms. However, individual choice also reflects preference and economics. According to the U.S. Census, Chula Vista's population grew by 41%from 2000 to 2010, while the San Diego County population grew by 10%. Similarly, the number of Chula Vista households increased 40%, whereas, San Diego County households increased by 10%. Chula Vista's population growth is due to the rapid growth and continued development of master planned communities in the developing areas east of 1-805. Table A-11 Changes in Household Types Household Types 2010 2018 Change Families 59,408 44% 62,537 40% 5.3% Married with Children 42,153 31% 44,913 29% 6.5% Other Family(No Spouse) 17,255 13% 17,624 11% 2.1% Non-Families 16,107 12% 16,403 11% 1.8% Single 13,064 8 Total Households 75,515 78,940 4.5% Source:Bureau of the Census(2000 and2010).US Census Bureau 2018 ACS Housing Characteristics Page AA-16 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,ChulaII3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vision. 2020 For 2020, Chula Vista's averaged 3.3 persons per household. The average number of persons per household in the South County San Diego region ranged from 3.47 in National City to 2.88 in Imperial Beach, with a region-wide average of 2.82 persons per household. SANDAG estimates that average household size in the region will remain stable through 2050, as shown in Table A- 12. Table A-12 Average Persons per Household (2018) Jurisdiction Average Household Size Projected Average Household Size (2020) (2050) Chula Vista 3.3 3.28 National City 3.47 3.41 Imperial Beach 2.88 2.89 San Diego 2.66 2.64 San Diego County 2.82 2.81 Source:SANDAG Series 13 Regional Growth Forecast 2.4.2 Jobs to Housing Balance There often is a mismatch between the location of housing and jobs in Southern California. One way of determining if Chula Vista's households commute out of the City to work is by looking at the jobs-to-housing balance. The jobs-to-housing balance is the number of jobs in Chula Vista divided by the number of housing units in Chula Vista. In 2010, Chula Vista had 0.8 jobs to household ratio, slightly up in 2020 at 0.9. Although there was a slight increase in the jobs-to- housing ratio from 2010 to 2020, the growing number of households, coupled with high unemployment rates in previous years in the City, indicates that many households have to commute out of the City for their work. Table A-13 Jobs-Household Ratios Description 2010 2020 Employment 64,035 82,966 Housing Units 78,384 89,063 Jobs/Household Ratio 0.8 0.9 �ltl/ Page AA-17CtAVISTA [N l"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Source: SANDAG, 2013 & U.S. Census 2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates 2.4.3 Commuting Patterns Commuting patterns give an insight into the relationship of housing to employment opportunities and are a component in the allocation resources and development opportunities. The City of Chula Vista has a moderately higher travel time (29.7 minutes) compared to the rest of San Diego County residents. As seen in Table A-8, there are approximately 119,112 employed residents in Chula Vista and 79% of them drove alone to work compared to almost 10% who carpooled, and about 6% either walked, biked to work, or used public transportation. These numbers are close to the San Diego Region average, the most notable differences being the number of people working from home —4% in Chula Vista and 7% in the region as a whole —and the number of people who drive alone to work. Table A-14 Means of Transportation to Work (2018) Chula Vista San Diego Region Industry #of Workers 16+ %of Total #of Workers 16+ %of Total Car,Truck, or Van—Drove Alone 94,669 79.5% 1,223,159 76.3% Car,Truck, or Van—Carpooled 11,319 9.5% 138,748 8.7% Public Transportation 3,602 3.0% 46,506 2.9% Walked 1,493 1.3% 46,313 2.9% Other means 2,452 2% 36,799 2.3% Worked at home 5,577 4.7% 111,961 7.0% TOTAL 119,112 100% 1,603,486 100% Source: US Census Bureau,2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates,Table DP03 Page AA-18 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;'Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A i Vision. 2020 As with other demographic contributors in Chula Vista, commuting behaviors differ between those living east and west of 1-805. Figures A-4 and A-5 show more than 76% of residents living east of 1-805 are commuting to work by driving alone. Comparatively, less than 75% of residents who live west of 1-805 are driving alone to work. On commonality is that on either side of the 1- 805, very few residents choose to commute by carpooling. Figure A- 2 City of Chula Vista Commuting Patterns Workers Who Commuted by Driving Alone N Legend W T" Percent of Workers Who Commuted by Driving Aurone Under 60% �iii` IIII 67.9!d.-75% 81%-d3Sf°lr L. 86%-40% Gty Limits 0 T 3 'S Miles I I v 1 U.S.Census(Bureau's Arnerican Community Surrey(ACS)7019-2018 5-year estimates �ltl/ Page AA-19CIAV,STA [N l"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Figure A- 3 City of Chub Vista Commuting i (Patterns Workers Who Commuted by Carpoolling. Legend " e. Percent of worlkers who Commuted r.'. � � ✓ by Carpooling. pNUnder Tr0iH 10% j j yi rriiiirri Wis 14% �200% Pligher than 20% ,.alll L� City Limits r �� 7 s ti wrii�aea, U.S.Census(Bureau's American Community Surrey(ACs)201.4-2018 5-year estimates In addition,the residents choosing public transportation as their mode of transportation is higher west of I-805 (generally over 6%, and in some census tracts over 13%). However, east of I-805, less than 3.4% of residents are utilizing public transportation for their work commute. 2.4.4 Household Income The Federal Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)generates an annual median income for the purpose of determining program eligibility. The San Diego County Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), for which HUD set the 2020 median family income (MR) at $92,700 for a four-person household. Page AA-20 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;'Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A Vision. 2020 The State of California uses four income categories to determine housing affordability. These categories are as follows: ■ Very Low-income— Less than 50% of the median income; ■ Low-income—51%to 80% of the median income; ■ Moderate-income —81%to 120% of the median income; and, ■ Above Moderate-income —Greater than 120% of the median income. Table A-15 shows the income ranges for each income category based on the 2020 HUD MFI for Chula Vista. Income directly affects the range of housing costs and influences housing affordability, as well as type and whether housing is owner or renter occupied.As household income increases, it is more likely that the household is a homeowner. As household income decreases, households tend to pay a disproportionate amount of their income for housing and the number of persons occupying overcrowded housing increases. The state and federal government classify household income into several groupings based upon the relationship to the San Diego Region Area Median Income (AMI), adjusted for household size. The State of California utilizes the following income groups: Table A-15 San Diego County Income Limits Income Category Annual Income(Family of 4) Extremely Low:0-30%AMI <$34,650 Very Low: 31-50%AMI $34,651 -$57,750 Low:51-80%AMI $57,751 -$92,400 Moderate:81-120%AMI $92,401-$111,250 Above Moderate: 120%+AMI >$111,250 Median Income $92,700 Source U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development 2020 Household income in Chula Vista is varied and consistent with the San Diego region average. In 2017, the median household income in Chula Vista was approximately $76,354 and �ltl/ Page AA-21CtAVISTA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A approximately 12.3% households were considered to be in the Extremely Low-Income category, earning 30% or less of the AMI, as shown in Table A-16. Table A-16 Median Household Income Estimates(2017) Jurisdiction Median Household Income %Above/Below Regional Median Chula Vista $76,354 2% Coronado $101,520 26% National City $46,032 -63% Imperial Beach $51,838 -44% San Diego $75,456 1% San Diego Region $74,855 Source: US Census Bureau,2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates,Table DP03 Those households with incomes less than the San Diego County median of $74,855 reside primarily in the western area of Chula Vista in zip codes 91910 and 91911,where housing is older and lower in cost. Higher income households are residing in those areas east of 1-805 in the City's newer master planned communities, as shown in Figure A-6. Page AA-22 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;'ChulaII3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A i vision. 2020 Figure A-6 Chula Vista Median Household Income N (Legend 2018 Median Household Income E'$136,797.00 58160,8!X.1.00 h!Ia�M C,D'CB � CwYlllt� IMIMI (r.y/Af �p�p�p�IpI i " oo„ �.�Is$38.z6g.1S ,� uuuuuu 11 City Limits fi1/li,fI er ff ' µcu 0 1 3 5 Miles Source Esrii,VJ.S.Census Bureau,American Community Survey, ACS Year Estimates �ltl/ Page AA-23CtAV,STA [N l"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A The median income for Chula Vista residents more drastically demonstrates the difference in income by tenure and by ethnicity. As shown in Table A-17, Chula Vista's median income of $76,354 in 2017 was slightly higher than that of San Diego County as a whole at $74,855. When comparing income bytenure,a large difference is seen between owner-occupied households and renter occupied households. Table A-17 Household Income Levels Income Level Renter- Owner- Total Percent of Households Households Household Household Extremely Low-income (0-30% 7,855 3,880 11,735 15.0% AMI) Very Low-income(31-50%AMI) 6,585 3,635 10,220 13.0% Low-income(51-80%AMI) 7,735 6,085 13,820 17.6% Moderate and Above Moderate 3,190 4,940 8,130 10.4% (>80%AM 1)1 100%AMI 7,560 27,000 34,560 44.0% Total 32,925 45,540 78,465 100.0% Source:U.S.Dept HUD CHAS,based on 2013-2017 ACS(5-year estimates). Note 1:HUD programs are available only to households with incomes at or below 80%AMI.Therefore,the CHAS data groups all households above that income threshold(both moderate and above moderate-income)into one income group.HUD CHAS 2012-2016 M ■ N Page AA-24 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,ChulaI3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vffo . 2020 2.5 Housing Inventory and Market Conditions A City's housing stock is the collection of all housing units located within that jurisdiction. The characteristics of these including growth, type, age and condition,tenure,vacancy rates, housing costs, and affordability. These are all important factors in determining the housing needs of a community. This section details the housing stock characteristics of the City of Chula Vista to identify how the current housing stock meets the needs of residents. 2.5.1 Housing Stock Profile Table A-18 shows that, between 2008 and 2050, Chula Vista is expected to grow by 38% in housing stock which is 29,515 more units. This growth is slightly higher than the San Diego County region's expected growth. Table A-18 Projected Housing Units Location 2008 2020 2035 2050 2010-50 Chula Vista 77,484 88,186 98,262 106,999 29,515 (38%) San Diego County 1,140,654 1,262,488 1,417,520 1,529,090 388,436 (34°x) Source:SANDAG,2013&U.S.Census 2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates �ltl/ Page AA-25 CIA'TSTA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Unit Type Household size is a significant factor in housing demand. Different household types generally have different housing needs. Seniors or young adults usually comprise the majority of the single- person households and tend to reside in apartments, condominiums or smaller single-family homes. While families with children often prefer single-family homes. Figure A-7 shows that in 2019, the largest percentage (53%) of housing units in Chula Vista was single-family detached units. Approximately 10% were single-family attached units, 6% were small multi-family developments with two to four units, 26% were large multi-family developments with five or more units, and 5% were mobile homes/trailers. Housing types in Chula Vista are comparable to those within the San Diego County region. Figure A-7 Type of Holusul g l inr t (2019) 6 % 53% 51% SRA% 40% 33'% 30% 3D/a 20% 10% 10% J% 9% 8% 5% 4% 0 Single Detar.h,edSingle Attached' Two to Four FlIve Pllus Moblille Homes 1111111 ChuLi Vilst1 IIIIIIIII San Diego IIIIIIIII Sam Diego Cournty Page AA-26 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;'Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vision. 2020 2.5.2 Tenure Housing tenure and vacancy rates are indicators of the supply and cost of housing. Housing tenure refers to whether a housing unit is owned or rented. Vacancy rates are indicative of whether or not there is a sufficient supply of available housing at a given point in time. A healthy vacancy rate is considered to be at around 5%, which demonstrates that there are desirable housing options available. The ratio of owner-occupied units vs. renter-occupied units is an indicator of financial stability. In the City of Chula Vista, there are a total of 78,940 occupied housing units. Owner-occupied dwellings account for 46,060 units (58.3%), renter-occupied dwellings account for 32,880 units (41.7%), and the average household size is 3.2-4. us Census Bureau 2018ACS Housing Characteristics With single family product dominating the landscape of master planned communities located east of I-805, most of those units are owner-occupied. However, areas west of I-805 are predominately renter-occupied. �ltl/ Page AA-27 CHUCIA'VISTA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Figure A-8 Legend (Percent Owners Chula Vista Percentage Owners 525 � 4 Owner us Renter OCCupied Housing For Wti rCensus Tract n 5 �n We Census of Chula Vista Percent Renters r Legend `� Chula Vista Percentage Renters G � r b SII <_1s% � 1, �, ';➢529% 443% y � N pr ss s44 o 3 s rn rnnie Source U.S.Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS)2014-2018 5-year estimates Page AA-28 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vision. 2020 2.5.3 Vacancy Rates Vacancy rates are an indicator of supply and demand. Low vacancy rates suggest households may have trouble finding housing with an affordable monthly payment. A high number of vacant units indicate an over-supply of housing units. A four to six percent vacancy rate is considered "healthy". A balanced vacancy rate for a community is typically around 5%. Vacancy rates lower than 5%favor landlords and can signal a shortage of choice for renters, while vacancy rates above 5% favor renters. As seen in Table A-19, Chula Vista has lower than typically healthy vacancy rates. Table A-19 Chula Vista Vacancy Rates and Property Age Zip Codes 91907,09,10,11,12,13,14,15 Percent Vacant 3.10% Total Units 3333 All Units Number Vacant 104 Percent Vacant 4.10% Total Units 684 Over 25 Years Number Vacant 28 Percent Vacant 2.80% Total Units 356 6 to 25 Years Number Vacant 10 Percent Vacant 2.80% Total Units 177 Less Than 6 Number Vacant 5 Years Percent Vacant 3.00% Property Age Total Units 1685 Undefined Number Vacant 51 Source: "San Diego 2019 Vacancy&Rental Rate Survey."Socalrha.org, 2019." �ltl/ Page AA-29 ctivavlsrA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Table A-20 shows the vacancy rate by household types in Chula Vista. Table A-20 Chula Vista Vacancy Rate by Housing Type Description Total Housing Units Households Vacancy Rate SingleFamily—Detached 40,954 39,589 3.3% Single Family—Attached 9,656 9,235 4.4% Multi-Family 28,499 27,755 2.6% Mobile home or Other 3,685 3,635 1.4% Total Housing Units 82,794 80,214 3.1% Source:SANDAG Demographic and Socioeconomic Estimates Chula Vista Page AA-30 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;'Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A Vision. 2020 2.5.4 HOUSING PROBLEM CHARACTERISTICS The Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) provides detailed information on housing needs by income level for different types of households in Chula Vista. Detailed CHAS data based on the 2012-2016 ACS is displayed in Table A-21. Housing problems considered by the CHAS include: - Units with physical defects (lacking complete kitchen or bathroom); - Overcrowded conditions (housing units with more than one person per room); - Housing cost burden, including utilities, exceeding 30 percent of gross income; or - Severe housing cost burden, including utilities, exceeding 50 percent of gross income. 63%of Chula Vista renters are experiencing at least one housing problem, with 43%experiencing at least one severe housing problem. Table A- 21 Houtelrrsld fiat at feet l fif4 HOutt n Problems 17,685 39% 20,545 63% 7705190%/o Housef�ald hat NOISE of 4 Houslnc� Problems 27,210 60% 11,660 36% dst burden not avalfebk'-no other problems 325 1% 380 1% Total Households 45,220 32,585 77,805 Hous hold hat at fust 1 6f4 84Vere'H©uslq Problems 8,310 18% 14,055 1 43% 22,365 29% Hous hold fiat NOISE of,4 Se�rere Houslhc� Problems 36,585 81% 18,150 56% 54,735 70% `Gist burden not avalfebfe-ho©fMer problems 325 1% 380 1% 705 1% Total Households 45,220 32,585 1 77,805 Source:CHAS,based on 2012-2016 ACS(5-year estimates). 1. The four housing problems are:incomplete kitchen facilities,incomplete plumbing facilities,more than 1 person per room,and cost burden greaterthan 30%. 2. The four severe housing problems are:incomplete kitchen facilities,incomplete plumbing facilities,more than 1.5 persons per room, and cost burden greaterthan 50%. �ltl/ Page AA-31 CHIccrAVISTA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A 2.5.5 Age of Housing Stock The age of housing is often an indicator of housing conditions. In general, housing that is 30 years or older may need minor repair. Housing over 50 years old is considered aged and more likely to generate major repairs. Approximately, 48% of the housing stock is over 40 years old, and 20% of the housing stock is approaching 50 years of age or older and more likely to require major rehabilitation. Housing that is not maintained can discourage investment, reduce neighboring property values, and negatively impact the quality of life in a neighborhood. The age of the City's housing stock indicates a potential need for continued code enforcement, property maintenance and housing rehabilitation programs. uscensuseureau 2018 ACS Housing Characteristics Table A-22 Age of Housing Year Built No. of DUs 2014-2017 2,819 2010-2013 1,198 2000-2009 18,204 1980-1999 22,371 1960-1979 23,758 1940-1959 15,832 1939 or earlier 926 TOTAL 85,108 Source:US Census Bureau,2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates A high estimate of the number of units in need of rehabilitation, based solely on the age of the housing stock is approximately 40,516 units.The low estimate for the number of housing units in the City in need of rehabilitation is approximately 17,000 units; this low estimate considers unit age, overcrowding, financial resources of homeowners, and plumbing facilities. Page AA-32 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vision. 2020 PRE-1940 HOUSING The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) may consider units substandard if they were built before 1940. There are 926 units in Chula Vista that were built before 1940, approximately 1.1% of the total housing in the City. Regionwide, 5% of units were built before 1940. us Census Bureau 2018 ACS Housing Characteristics 2.5.6 Housing Conditions Housing is considered substandard when it is below the minimum standard of living conditions defined in the Uniform Housing Code, Section 1001. In addition to structural deficiencies and standards, the lack of infrastructure and utilities often serves as an indicator for substandard conditions. Another measure of the City's housing condition is the number of substandard housing units. Housing is considered substandard when conditions are below the minimum standards of living as defined by Section 1001 of the Uniform Housing Code. Households living in substandard housing may be exposed to health or safety threats, which, in turn, could adversely affect the safety and quality of life of neighborhoods. Such households are considered in need of housing assistance to correct any serious health or building safety issues such as structural, plumbing, mechanical or electrical problems, and presence of unhealthy conditions or materials, (e.g. asbestos and lead-based paint). In addition to structural problems (sagging roofs, walls or porches, lack of or failing building foundation, termite infestation, etc.), the lack of certain basic facilities may also indicate substandard conditions. The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) includes the lack of kitchen facilities and lack of plumbing facilities as two out of four housing problems in their Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data. According to the 2018 American Community Survey(ACS) 5-Year Estimates, there were 84 (0.1%) units in the City that lacked complete plumbing facilities. For Census purposes, complete plumbing facilities included: (1) hot and cold piped water; (2) a flush toilet; and (3) a bathtub or shower.All three must be located inside a unit to be recognized as having full plumbing facilities. According to the 2018 ACS data, 147 (0.2%) units lacked complete kitchen facilities. The U.S. Census defines a complete kitchen as a unit with a sink&faucet, a stove,and a refrigerator.There were 2,038 units with no heating source, and 383 units that relied on heating oil, kerosene, coal, wood, or other heating fuel. �ltl/ Page AA-33CtAV,STA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A 2.5.7 Housing Costs & Rents This section discusses the price of new and existing housing as well as average costs of rental housing in Chula Vista. Housing costs are indicative of housing accessibility to all economic levels of a community. Typically, if housing supply exceeds housing demand, housing costs fall. Inversely, if housing demand exceeds housing supply, housing costs will rise. Housing affordability is dependent upon income and housing costs. The Federal standard of rental affordability is that a household should spend no more than 30% of its gross monthly income on monthly housing costs and utilities. In Chula Vista, housing costs tend to be a little lower when compared to the San Diego County. The high cost of housing can be attributed to factors such as higher land costs and suburban community.This section summarizes the cost and affordability of the housing stockto Chula Vista residents. New and Resale Housing The median household value in 2010 was $337,000. The median household value increased by 59%to $565,000 by 2020 and housing values are expected to continue to grow. Shown in Table A-23, the median sales price in 2019 for a single-family home in Chula Vista was approximately $614,000, lower than the San Diego County median sales price. zillow,Inc."Chula Vista CA Home Prices& Home Values." Page AA-34 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;'Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vision. 2020 Table A-23 Median Sales Price of Homes Sold in 2019 Detached (Single-Family) Attached (Condo/Townhome) Zip Market Area Sold Median Sold Listings Median Price Listings Price 91910 Chula Vista North 366 $561,000 134 $370,000 91911 Chula Vista South 325 $516,000 144 $350,000 91913 Chula Vista 445 $614,000 317 $410,000 Eastlake 91914 Chula Vista NE 179 $755,000 54 $418,250 91915 Chula Vista SE 267 $615,000 253 $440,000 TOTAL 1582 $614,000 902 $410,000 San Diego County $649,000 $427,000 Source: San Diego Association of Realtors 2019 San Diego County Summary Statistics Both, the total price of a home and monthly payment amounts are important indicators of affordability. Lenders typically require homebuyers to demonstrate that the total monthly loan payment will not exceed 30% of gross monthly household income. With a median household income in Chula Vista at approximately$76,354 annually and a calculated affordability of a home at $250,200, homeownership is not affordable to most residents. �ltl/ Page AA-35CtAV,STA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Figure A-9 Condo Horne Pirkes $42 7,CK.N.:) S4501,000 S 0 X000m,37 a0 ,f.) ,a'i ou 77— �xr x�iau:� rk a 910 9,1.91 1. "a'➢913 15 SAFI lD k:1;r0 CctLi Il y Source: San Diego Association of Realtors 2019 San Diego County Summary Statistics Page AA-36 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A Vision. 2020 Figure A-10 l ng`� le 1,",windy Home P it ce TO (]110 —,660,000 160(),1,110 �.1w()J)CH) S 1 b,".),00 54.11c:1,T.:DO $311; [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Rental Prices Table A-24 shows that in the Spring of 2019 average monthly rents in Chula Vista ranged from $1,134 for a studio apartment to $1,820 for a two-bedroom apartment and $2,213+ for three- bedroom apartments. To be able to afford the average two-bedroom apartment, a household would need to earn $6,070 a month or over$35.00 an hour. Table A-24 Rental Prices by Unit Type Spring 2019 Spring 2019 Fall 2018 Spring 2018 Zip Codes City/Area Unit Type Units/Properties Average Average Average Surveyed Monthly Rent Monthly Monthly Rent Rate Studio 12/6 $1,134 $1,210 $1,157 91907, Chula 113edroom 1314/32 $1,487 $1,539 $1,425 09,10,11, 9,14,15 Vista 2Bedroom 1728/38 $1,820 $1,850 $1,685 3+Bedroom 279/12 $2,213 $2,299 $2,000 Source:"San Diego 2019 Vacancy&Rental Rate Survey."Socalrha.org,2019." Page AA-38 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vision. 2020 Affordability Gap Analysis Housing affordability can be calculated by comparing the cost of renting or owning a home in a community with the maximum affordable housing costs for households at different income levels. Together, this information generally shows what types of households can afford what types of units. This is also an indication of the type of households most likely to experience overcrowding and overpayment. The federal Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) conducts annual household income surveys nationwide to determine a household's eligibility for federal housing assistance. Based on this survey, the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) developed income limits that can be used to determine the maximum price that could be affordable to households in the upper range of their respective income category. The maximum affordable home and rental prices for residents in San Diego County are shown in Table A-25. Table A-25 shows the maximum amount that a household at each income level can afford for housing each month without overpaying. This amount can be compared to current housing prices and market rental rates to determine what types of housing opportunities a household can afford in a community. Based upon the housing sales prices in Chula Vista as seen in Table A-23 and A-24,there are no homes(rental or for-sale) in Chula Vista's market that are considered affordable to lower-income households. For a condo priced at $370,000 in the 91910 zip code as shown in Figure A-9, a household would need to earn $54/hour or$112,350/year to afford this condo. Similarly,a household would need to earn $81/hour or $168,250/year to afford a single family home priced at $561,000 in the 91910 zip code.The dream of owning a home and building equity is unattainable to most without some sacrifice such as incurring a housing cost burden, making a significant cash down payment, or multi-generational living. Lower-income renters must also make difficult choices related to the condition of housing, overcrowding, or overpaying in order to maintain housing. The affordable rental rate for a 2- bedroom unit to house a low income family is $1,029/month far exceeding the average $1,820/month rent in Chula Vista, a gap of approximately $800/month. Larger households face a more difficult time finding appropriately sized housing that is affordable. With a low income family only able to afford to pay $1,154/month and an average 3-bedroom unit renting for $2,213/month, the affordability gap is even greater at $1,059/month. �ltl/ Page AA-39CtAV,STA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Table A-25 Affordable Housing Costs(2020)San Diego County Income Bedroom(s) Affordable Monthly Utility Taxes/ Affordable Group Cost Allowance Insurance Rent Sale Rent Sale Sale Rent Purchase Price 0 (Studio) $486.68 Same $119 $180 $91 $368 $46,532 Extremely 1 Bedroom $556.20 Same $152 $220 $104 $404 $50,096 Low 2 Bedrooms $625.73 Same $222 $261 $117 $404 $53,447 Income 3 Bedrooms $695.25 Same $237 $323 $130 $458 $52,264 HH 4 Bedrooms $750.87 Same $271 $364 $140 1 $480 $53,261 0 (Studio) $811.13 Same $119 $180 $152 $692 $103,370 Very 1 Bedroom $927.00 Same $152 $220 $173 $775 $115,208 Low 2 Bedrooms $1,042.88 Same $222 $261 $195 $821 $126,616 Income 3 Bedrooms $1,158.75 Same $237 $323 $217 $922 $133,492 HH 4 Bedrooms $1,251.45 Same $271 $364 $234 $980 $140,979 0 (Studio) $973.35 $1,135.58 $119 $180 $243 $854 $118,735 Low 1 Bedroom $1,112.40 $1,297.80 $152 $220 $277 $960 $132,770 Income 2 Bedrooms $1,251.45 $1,460.03 $222 $261 $312 $1,029 $146,372 HH 3 Bedrooms $1,390.50 $1,622.25 $237 $323 $347 $1,154 $155,444 4 Bedrooms $1,505.74 $1,752.03 $271 $364 $374 $1,231 $164,773 0 (Studio) $1,784.48 $2,081.89 $119 $180 $292 $1,665 $283,161 Moderate 1 Bedroom $2,039.40 $2,379.30 $152 $220 $334 $1,887 $320,468 Income 2 Bedrooms $2,294.33 $2,676.71 $222 $261 $376 $2,072 $357,561 HH 3 Bedrooms $2,549.25 $2,974.13 $237 $323 $417 $2,312 $390,337 4 Bedrooms $2,753.19 $3,212.06 $271 $364 $451 $2,482 $418,155 Source: Source:California Department of Housing and Community Development,2020 Income limits;and Assumptions:2020 HCD income limits; 30% gross household income as affordable housing cost; 15% of monthly affordable cost for taxes and insurance;3%down payment;and 3%interest rate for a 30year fixed-rate mortgage loan. Utilities based on San Diego County Utility Allowance.*Utilities Allowances and Taxes and Insurance costs are included in Affordable Monthly Housing Costs Chula Vista has a median income slightly higher than the average for the County of San Diego. However, the growing number of households, increase in household size, and income disparity between renter-occupied households and owner-occupied households has provided further challenges to Chula Vista households seeking affordable housing options. Data indicates that lower-income families and large households have limited options in finding affordable rental housing. In addition, the median price of resale housing in Chula Vista exceeds the affordability Page AA-40 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;'Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A Vision 2020 range for all income categories except above-moderate income households. Very low-, low-, and moderate-income households may have trouble finding affordable housing that they can afford to purchase. �ltl/ Page AA-41CtAV,STA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A This page is intentionally blank. Page AA-42 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula13Ri"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vimun. 2020 3.0 HOUSING NEEDS This section provides an overview of existing housing needs in the City of Chula Vista. Housing need can be described in four categories: ■ Housing need resulting from households overpaying for housing; ■ Housing need resulting in overcrowding; ■ Housing need resulting from population growth and demolition of the existing housing stock; and, ■ Housing need of "special needs groups" such as elderly persons, large households, female-headed households, disabled persons, homeless persons, and farm workers. 3.1 Households Overpaying for Housing The term "over payers" refers to households paying an excessive amount of their income for housing. Generally, households that overpay for their housing have less disposable income available for other needs. Calculating overpayments for housing is important as it measures local housing conditions and reflects affordability of housing in a community. State and federal programs typically define over payers as those lower-income households that pay over 30% of household income for housing costs. A household is considered to experience a severe cost burden if it spends more than 50% of its gross income on housing. A significant number of households living west of 1-805 are paying more than 30%of their income towards housing costs in comparison to households east of 1-805, as shown in Figure A-11. This is consistent with lower-income households living primarily in the western area of the City, with older housing stock and more multifamily housing. �ltl/ Page AA-43 CIA'TSTA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Figure A-11 Chula Vista Percent of Owner Households with Cost Burdened legend Monthly®caner Casks are L" 30.0 Percent or More of WV Household Income iC17 5459% �asroia „. .. ©CityL!Mt5 i r 0 7 " U..S.Census Bureau's American Community Survey (AC$)2014-2018 5-year estdimates Approximately, 46%of households in the San Diego region were paying over 30%of their income toward monthly owner housing costs. Table A-26 & A-27 summarizes the 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates and shows that renters were more likely to overpay than owners. In the region, 57% of renters overpaid; and similarly, 57% of renters in Chula Vista. In addition, 47% of Chula Vista households were overpaying monthly homeownership costs. Page AA-44 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;'Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A Vision. 2020 Table A-26 Cost Burden by Income Levels-Renters Income Level >30% >50% TOTAL Extremely Low-income (0-30%AMI) 6,525 5,750 7,855 Very Low-income (31-50%AMI) 5,690 3,385 6,585 Low-income(51-80%AMI) 4,455 1,150 7,735 Moderate and Above Moderate (>80%AMI)1 1,070 115 3,190 100%AMI 930 - 7,560 TOTAL 18,670 10,400 32,925 Source: U.S.Dept HUD CHAS,based on 2013-2017 ACS(5-year estimates) Table A-27 Cost Burden by Income Levels- Owners Income Level >30% >50% TOTAL Extremely Low-income (0-30%AMI) 2,675 2,345 7,855 Very Low-income (31-50%AMI) 2,150 1,530 6,585 Low-income (51-80%AMI) 3,395 1,700 7,735 Moderate and Above Moderate (>80%AMI) 2,515 645 3,190 100%AMI 4,735 250 7,560 TOTAL 15,470 6,470 32,925 Source:U.S.Dept HUD CHAS,based on 2013-2017 ACS(5-year estimates). Figure A-12 provides more overpayment detail by income group for Chula Vista. Over 58%of the lower-income renter households are paying more than 30% of their income towards housing, with 26% of those households paying over 50% of their income. For those very low and low- income households, a significant number of these households are paying more than 30%. For those households with higher incomes, only 34% of moderate and above moderate-income households are cost burdened. In the case of homeownership, the opposite is true, with 79% of moderate and above moderate households paying more than 30% of their income towards housing costs while 34%of very low- income households and 44% of lower-income households are facing a cost burden. The availability of affordable housing for ownership is likely the cause of the cost burden discussed in the Housing Affordability section. �ltl/ Page AA-45CIAVISTA [N l"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Figure A-12 Renters Facing Cost Burdens by Income Levels Owners Facing Cost Burdens by Income Levels loaf 83% 86% 200% 0% 8©% F'6% 58% 63 C 60% 60% 44% `^©% 341% ao% 34% 33% 20% '.. 12% 26% a o°s I'll Extremely Low Income(0-30%AMII) iiir Extremely Low Income(0-30%AM[) Very Low Income(31-50%AMI) Very Low Income(31-50%AMI) Low Income(51-80Yo AMI) Low Income(51-80'1 AMII) Moderate and Above Moderate(>80%AMI)1 %Moderate grid Above Morerate)>50%AMI)1 100%AMI 100%AMI M E N 3.2 Overcrowding A combination of low-incomes and high housing costs has forced many households to live in overcrowded housing conditions. "Overcrowding" is generally defined as a housing unit occupied by more than one person per room in house (including living room and dining rooms). Overcrowding can be an indication of an inadequate supply of affordable housing, especially for large families and households whose incomes fall below AMI. As seen in Table A-28, 6%of households had more than one occupant per room and only 3% had more than 1.5 occupants per room. Table A-28 Overcrowded Households Description No. % Overcrowded (1.01 to 1.50/room) 5,072 6% Severe Overcrowding 2,468 3% (1.51 or more/room) TOTAL Occupied housing units 78,940 Source:US Census Bureau,2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates,Table DP04 Page AA-46 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A Vision. 2020 The data in Table A-29 shows that overcrowding affects lower-income renter households disproportionately, with 15% low-income renters experiencing overcrowding and approximately 39% of very low and extremely-low-income renters. Table A-29 Overcrowding by Housing Type and Income Levels Renter Owner Description 0-30% >30-50% >50-80% 0-30% >30-50% >50-80% AMI AMI AMI AMI AMI AMI Single-family 1,355 1,125 860 254 255 220 households Multiple, unrelated- 160 170 260 40 80 220 family households Other, non-family - - 14 - 10 - households Total need by 1,515 1,295 1,134 294 345 440 income 19% 20% 15% 8% 9% 7% TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 7,855 6,585 7,735 3,880 3,635 6,085 Source: U.S.Dept HUD CHAS,based on 2013-2017 ACS(5-year estimates). M E N 3.3 2010-2020 Growth Needs The State Department of Finance (DOF) is responsible for projecting the total statewide housing demand, with the State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) apportioning this demand to each of the state's regions. This demand represents the number of additional units needed to accommodate the anticipated growth in the number of households, to replace expected demolitions and conversions of housing units to non-housing uses, and to achieve a future vacancy rate that allows for healthy functioning of the housing market. �ltl/ Page AA-47CtAVISTA ISN l"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A The San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG), the Council of Governments (COG) representing the region, in cooperation with the local jurisdictions, is tasked with the responsibility of allocating the region's projected new housing demand to each jurisdiction. The allocation is further divided into four income categories: ■ Very Low-Income—0%to 50% of the median income; ■ Low-Income —51%to 80% of the median income; ■ Moderate-Income —81%to 120% of the median income; and, ■ Above Moderate-Income— more than 120% of the median income. This process is known as the Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA), and the goals are referred to as either the RHNA goals or the "regional share" goals for new housing construction. The allocation considers factors such as market demand for housing, employment opportunities, the availability of suitable sites and public facilities, commuting patterns, type and tenure of housing need, and others. In determining a jurisdiction's share of new housing needs by income category, the allocation is adjusted to avoid an over-concentration of lower income households in any one jurisdiction. A Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) prepared by SANDAG for the years of 2010 identifies Chula Vista's housing production goals. The following table shows the City's housing goals for each income category, based on HUD's median family income (MFI) for San Diego County. MEN 3.4 Special Needs Groups Groups with special needs can face increased challenges in housing. Individuals experiencing homelessness and in need of emergency shelter, the elderly, persons with disabilities, large families,farmworkers, and families with a female head of household often have difficulty finding housing to meet their needs. This section provides an analysis of special needs groups in the City of Chula Vista. Policies and programs to address these needs are incorporated throughout the Housing Element. Page AA-48 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula13RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vision. 2020 3.4.1 Elderly Persons The population over 65 years of age is considered elderly and shares four common characteristics: • Income: People over 65 are usually retired and living on a fixed income. • Healthcare: Accounts for an increasing proportion of the elderly's expenses. • Transportation: Many of the elderly require assistance with transportation. • Housing: Many live alone. These characteristics indicate a need for smaller, lower-cost housing with easy access to transit, healthcare facilities, accessibility accommodations, and other services. In 2018, more than 27.3% percent of the total households had a resident aged 65 years or older and only 7.2 % percent of the households living alone 65 years and over. us Census Bureau 2018 ACs social Characteristics While seniors aged 65 and over represent only 12% of the City's population, it is expected that there will be significant increase in this age group as compared to overall expected population growth. Persons with disabilities In addition to affordability, design and location can be a barrier for persons with disabilities. The added challenge of finding a unit that accommodates their needs oftentimes forces individuals to live in undesirable housing conditions. According to 2013-2017 ACS data, 312,565 persons living in San Diego County had a range of disabilities, accounting for 9.8% of the population. The largest age group of persons with disabilities were seniors, which were 45.9%of the population with disabilities, followed by adults (ages 18 to 64) which comprised 47.1% of the population. Children under the age of 18 made up approximately 7% of the population with disabilities. The primary housing concerns regarding the elderly persons living in the City of Chula Vista are summarized as follows: ■ Income—The elderly population is generally on a fixed income; ■ Household Composition—The elderly, especially women, often live alone; ■ Transportation —The elderly population are more likely to utilize public transportation; and, �ltl/ Page AA-49CtAV,STA [N l"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A ■ Health Care—The elderly have a significantly greater need for health care. 3.4.2 Large Households Large households have special housing needs because they tend to have lower household income and fewer options or access to adequately sized, affordable housing. According to the 2017ACS data, approximately 37.5% of the households in Chula Vista were large households (4 or more). Table A-30 Large Households (4+persons) Jurisdiction %of Households Chula Vista 37% San Diego County 23% Source: U.S.Census Bureau 2014-2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates 3.4.3 Female-Headed Households Single parents with dependent children represent another important group of those with special housing needs. Single-parent households often require special consideration and assistance because they tend to have lower-incomes and a greater need for daycare, and related facilities. Single-parent households made up 22.3% percent of all Chula Vista households; with 6%of those headed by men and the remaining 16.3% headed by women. US Census Bureau 2018 ACS Social Characteristics 3.4.4 Persons with Disabilities According to the 2017 American Community Survey(ACS)/Census estimates, 10.2 percent of the Southern Region in San Diego's population was affected by one or more disabilities (non- institutionalized population). Ages 65-74 (2,276/27.2%) and 75+ (4,270/56.0%) reported having a disability. Among persons living with disabilities in the City, Independent living (6,636/ 7.6%) and ambulatory disabilities (7,623/ 6.7%) were most prevalent. Persons with disabilities often have limited incomes, but extensive needs for a variety of services. Page AA-50 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A Vision. 2020 Table A-32 Persons with Disability Any Disability Hearing Vision Cognitive Ambulatory Self-care Independent Difficulty Difficulty Difficulty Difficulty Difficulty Living Difficulty 13,662 11.8% 2,869 2.5% 2,322 2.0% 6,536 6.1% 7,263 6.7% 3,909 3.6% 6,636 7.6% Source: 2017 Demographic Profiles San Diego County Persons with Developmental Disabilities Senate Bill 812 (Chapter 507, Statutes of 2010) amended state housing element law (California Government Code Section 65583)to require the analysis of the disabled to include an evaluation of the special housing needs of persons with developmental disabilities. A developmental disability is defined as a disability that originates before an individual becomes 18 years old, continues, or can be expected to continue, indefinitely, and constitutes a substantial disability. This definition includes intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and autism. The California Department of Developmental Services contracts with nonprofit regional centers to provide or coordinate services and support for individuals with developmental disabilities. In the San Diego region, the San Diego Regional Center, with a satellite office in National City, provides a variety of services to persons with developmental disabilities and advocates for opportunities to maximize potential and to experience full inclusion in all areas of community life. As of March 2019, the San Diego Regional Center served approximately 29,206 clients with developmental disabilities who live in San Diego County, with the National City satellite office serving 20 percent of these clients. This includes 151 clients who live in Chula Vista with 67 of these individuals being children under the age of 18 who live with their parents. The remaining 84 clients are adults over the age of 18; over half(57 percent) of these individuals live with their parents, while 23 live in their own apartments with "come-in support" and assistance and 13 live in licensed group homes. Additional persons with developmental disabilities may reside in Chula Vista but are not seeking assistance from the San Diego Regional Center. While some developmentally disabled individuals can live and work independently within a conventional housing environment, more severely disabled individuals will require a group living environment with supervision. In general, the San Diego Regional Center (and its clients) prefer to house persons with developmental disabilities with family members.When that is not feasible, come-in support and licensed group apartments housing four to six persons (with individual bedrooms, but shared bathroom and kitchen facilities) are preferred. This type of housing may �ltl/ Page AA-51CtAVISTA [N l"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A be designed to look like a big house and is compatible with and appropriate for existing residential neighborhoods with good access to transit and services. Incorporating 'barrier-free' design in all new multifamily housing (as required by California and Federal Fair Housing laws) is especially important to provide the widest range of choices for disabled residents. In 2012, the City adopted a reasonable accommodation ordinance to provide flexibility in development standards for housing for persons with disabilities. Three requests for reasonable accommodation have been received since such time. 3.4.5 Residents Living in Poverty Nearly 11%of Chula Vista residents are living below the U.S. Federal Poverty Level of$25,100 for a family of 4 for 2018, with all residing west of I-805 (see Figure A-6). Table A-33 Households Living Below Federal Poverty Rate Jurisdiction Poverty Rate Chula Vista 10.8% Coronado 5.7% National City 19.9% Imperial Beach 20.0% San Diego 13.8% San Diego Region 12.5% California 11.8% U.S. 12.3% Source: US Census Bureau,2018 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates,Table DP03 Page AA-52 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula13RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vision. 2020 3.4.5 Homeless Population and Transitional Housing Needs The San Diego region has a large homeless population, and there are unique needs to be addressed in order to assist in finding and securing housing. Homelessness is quickly becoming an issue in communities throughout Chula Vista and further exposes the need for affordable housing. The homeless population continues to increase as a result of reductions in public subsidies, a lack of housing that is affordable to low and very low-income persons, and the daily life challenges that can lead a person to becoming homeless. It is the responsibility of individual municipalities to address the needs of individuals living in homelessness within their jurisdictional boundaries. "Homelessness" as defined by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, describes an individual (not imprisoned or otherwise detained) who: • Lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence; and • Has a primary nighttime residence that is: • A supervised publicly, or privately-operated shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations (including welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for the mentally ill); • An institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals intended to be institutionalized; or • A public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings. The Regional Task Force on the Homeless (RTFH) was established in 1985 and has grown significantly in function and services provided to local jurisdictions. The RTFH promotes a regional approach to end homelessness in San Diego County and works with local municipalities to provide funding opportunities, data collection, and integration of services. According to the Task Force, the San Diego region's homeless population can be divided into two general groups: (1) urban homeless, and (2) rural homeless. In addition to the RTFH's efforts to address and end homelessness, there have been other subregional efforts to implement outreach best practices and leverage funding to provide opportunities to those who need a hand-up instead of a hand-down. Local cities, Chula Vista included, have formed Homeless Outreach Teams through their police departments to better address all of the issues that homelessness brings to a community. �ltl/ Page AA-53 CIA'TSTA [N l"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A The Chula Vista Police Department's Homeless Outreach Team (HOT) partners with other local organizations to provide outreach, mental health, substance use, employment, housing, and social service resources. These multidisciplinary partnerships are instrumental in addressing core issues that may have led a person to become homeless, as well as give them the opportunity to become re-housed. Chula Vista's HOT works, at times for years, to Y , build relationships within the homeless community and help people take steps towards reintegrating in society. The housing needs of the �tCE homeless are unique from other demographic groups because they encompass a wide range of needs and supportive services, not only a lack of affordable housing. Since the homeless population is very difficult to quantify, Census information on homeless populations is often unreliable. The annual Point-in-Time (PIT) Count is facilitated in San Diego County by the RTFH and data is analyzed and released every year. The PIT count of sheltered (emergency and transitional) and street homeless persons is conducted in January of each calendar year and includes a physical count as well as survey questions to further assist the County's homeless population. Table A-21 shows that the total number of homeless individuals counted for the San Diego Region decreased to 7,619 people from the previously observed 8,102 (2019), 8,576 (2018) and 9,116 (2017). The PIT count has shown a similar decline in Chula Vista each year for the past 5 years. In the 2020 count,there were 212 unsheltered and 101 sheltered individuals observed and surveyed within Chula Vista and the Sweetwater (County area), a 42% decrease since the 2015 count. Page AA-54 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;'Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A Vision. 2020 Table A-33 We All Count PIT Count Jan 2020 Sheltered Unsheltered Jurisdiction Year TOTAL % ES SH TH Total %of pop Indiv V H Total %of pop 2020 36 65 0 101 32% 212 212 68% 313.00 4% 2019 79 25% s 242 ti 75°%0 321.00 4% CHULA VISTA! 2018 34 74 0 108 32% 76 87 66 229 68% 337.00 3% 2017 43 9 62 114 30% 58 174 30 s 262 ti 70% 376.00 3% 2016 27 0 1 131 158 29%1 103 s 251 1 26 s 380 `71% 538.00 6% Difference(5 yrs) (57) 36% ( 68) -44% (22.15, 0) i-42%; 2020 36 68 0 104 23% 353 0 0 353 77% 457.00 6% 2019 21 11 0 111 19% 58 69 94 463 81% 574.00 8% South Bay 2018 55 85 0 140 24% 134 156 160 450 76% 590.00 7% 2017 43 9 80 132 19% 164 254 142 560 81% 692.00 8% 2016 27 0 164 191 22% 140 458 93 691 78% 882.00 10% Difference(5 yrs) (:36) 0% (97) ..,17% (20.2.00) -15% 2020 1,759 809 36 2,604 53% 2,283 2,283 47% 4,887.00 64% 2019 2,482 49% 2,601 51% 5,083.00 67% San Diego 2018 1,467 759 56 2,282 32% 505 651 2,630 4,912 68% 7,194.00 89% 2017 1,240 30 1,118 2,388 42% 1,234 817 1,180 3,231 58% 5,619.00 62% 2016 885 14 1,419 2,318 46% 1,224 814 707 2,745 54% 5,063.00 587 Difference(5 yrs) 227 729 (2,tXFe2) (2 DF;) 0/ (729) (266) 1,450 1,681 52% 1,575.00 28% 2020 0 193 193 193.00 3% Unincorporated 2019 0 0 0.00 0% 2018 1 6 1% 184 1 145 116 445 99% 451.00 6% Areas 2017 6 2% 320 98% 326.00 4% (County) 2016 8 2% 336 98% 344.00 4% Difference 0 0 0 0 0% 184 145 116 125 .139% 125.00 .138% / /l/; ME/ /:RE/ /:NAM.NE "Al, / / / / / 11111111 : ;",,. y r,y �ltl/ Page AA-55ctAVISTA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A Table A- 34 2019 Point in Time Data Source: Regional Taskforce on the Homeless 2019 Annual Report on the Homeless Emergency Shelter Safe Haven Transitional Housing Unsheltered Total 30 0 49 242 321 Housing Inventory Beds Utilization Emergency Shelter 32 94% Safe Haven 0 0 Transitional Housing 71 69% Permanent Supportive Housing 0 0 Rapid Re-Housing 26 100% Other Permanent Housing 0 0 Homeless Profile %of Unsheltered Total Homeless Persons Chronically Homeless 18% 44 Veteran 5% 12 Female 26% 64 Families 6% 15 Youth 16% 38 Homelessness in the San Diego region While the Point-in-Time Count does provide city-specific profiles on that experiencing homelessness, much of the more detailed data available is for the San Diego region. To capture the demographics of this population, the following statistics are for the entire San Diego region, through the 2018 Point-in-Time Count. • 74 percent of those experiencing homelessness that are unsheltered became homeless in the San Diego region. • 14 percent of the unsheltered population of those experiencing homelessness suffer from • substance abuse and nine percent suffer from alcohol abuse. • 25 percent of the unsheltered portion of those experiencing homelessness live in a vehicle. Page AA-56 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A Vision. 2020 • 35 percent of those who are experiencing homeless and are unsheltered are 55 years of age or older. Housing options for homeless persons The San Diego region's Continuum of Care programs for homeless persons consist of a network of emergency and transitional shelters. In addition, permanent supportive housing programs for previously homeless persons are also major components of the region's network of care. • Emergency Shelters. Provide a place to sleep for the night. By providing a short-term crisis option, these shelters are often the first step to finding a permanent housing solution. • Transitional Housing. Provides longer-term shelter solutions through temporary housing options that can last up to 24 months and includes supportive services, such as case management. • Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH). Provides long-term housing with wraparound services that are meant to support the stability and health of individuals experiencing homelessness. • Hotel/Motel Vouchers. Voucher Programs shelter eligible families, disabled and elderly persons in participating motels throughout the County. Eligibility requirements vary from year-to-year; typically, the voucher programs require that clients present evidence that they are not able to stay in a traditional homeless shelter; and, they will be able to obtain permanent housing within a short time frame (3-4 weeks). • Homeless Prevention and Rapid Re-Housing. San Diego's key strategy for preventing homelessness is through increased affordable housing options, which has been difficult to provide due to economic trends and an overall shortage of housing. Rapid Re-Housing reconnects families and individuals to a housing option as quickly as possible using housing vouchers and rental assistance. It is a more stable and cost-effective wayto house people than using Emergency Shelters. Table A-35 identifies shelters for the homeless in the San Diego/South Bay region. The region provides 434 beds in a number of facilities with specialties varying from general homeless shelters,victims of domestic violence, substance abuse, and at-risk with disability. A total of 320 of these beds are located in the City of Chula Vista. South Bay Community Services(SBCS) is the primary social service agency that provides homeless shelters within the City of Chula Vista. SBCS operates ten facilities in and around Chula Vista. �ltl/ Page AA-57CtAV,STA [N l"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A The Ecumenical Council of San Diego County and MAAC Project operate other facilities in the area. TABLE A-35 HOMELESS AND TRANSITIONAL HOUSING SAN DIEGO—SOUTH BAY Agency Program Name Target Special #of Location Population Needs Beds Emergency Shelters Ecumenical ISN Rot'I Shelter South Bay General General Council of SD 12 Regional County (mid-October—March) Population Homeless SBCS Casa Nueva Vida I Families General 54 Chula Vista w/children Homeless SBCS Casa Seguras Families General 35 Chula Vista w/children Homeless Victims of SBCS La Nueva Aurora Families w/children Domestic 3 Chula Vista Violence SBCS Casa Nuestra Shelter Homeless Youth General 5 Chula Vista Homeless Transitional Shelters MAAC Project Nostros Adult Men Substance 13 Chula Vista Abuse Options South Bay Women with Substance Out- M.I.T.E. Chula Vista Women's Recovery Center Children Abuse patient General SBCS Casas de Transition Families Homeless& 73 Chula Vista w/Children Domestic Violence SBCS Casas Families General 7 Chula Vista w/Children Homeless SBCS Trolley Trestle Youth & General 10 Chula Vista Parenting Youth Homeless Page AA-58 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;'Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A Vision. 2020 TABLE A-35 HOMELESS AND TRANSITIONAL HOUSING SAN DIEGO—SOUTH BAY Agency Program Name Target Special #of Location Population Needs Beds SBCS Casa Nuestra Shelter Homeless Youth General 8 Chula Vista (12-17) Homeless SBCS Casa Nueva Vida I Families General 54 Chula Vista w/children Homeless Victims of SBCS Casa Segura 11 Families w/Children Domestic 45 Chula Vista Violence Victims of SBCS Victorian Heights Women Domestic 38 National w/Children City Violence Hotel/Motel Vouchers Families with General SBCS Hotel/Motel Vouchers Children, Elderly, Homeless N/A Chula Vista and Disabled Permanent Supportive Housing SBCS-SD Families with Housing La Posada HIV/AIDS 28 San Ysidro Commission Children SBCS-SD Families with Housing La Posada-Shelter Plus Children HIV/AIDS 36 San Ysidro Commission Total Beds 421 Source: Regional Task Force on the Homeless 2015 The number of beds available in Chula Vista is generally consistent with the number of homeless. However, the majority of these beds serve targeted and special needs populations. �ltl/ Page AA-59 CH1cctAV,STA [N l"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A 3.4.6 Farm Workers Due to the high cost of housing and low wages, a significant number of migrant farm workers have difficulty finding affordable, safe and sanitary housing. According to the State Employment Development Department, the average farm worker earned between $22,000 and $35,000 annually. This limited income combined with the issues of seasonal employment give agricultural workers added challenges when obtaining housing. It is estimated that there are between 100 and 150 farm worker camps located throughout the San Diego region, primarily in rural areas. Farmworkers needs can be difficult to quantify due to fear of job loss and fear of authority. Therefore, farm workers are given low priority when addressing housing needs, and often receive the least hospitable housing. The San Diego County Regional Task Force on the Homeless estimates that there are at least 2,300 farm workers and migrant day laborers who currently experience homelessness in the San Diego region. While there are parcels of land still zoned for agricultural use within Chula Vista, there are no active farms in Chula Vista. Therefore, agricultural jobs continue to decline in the City. 3.4.7 Migrant Day Laborers In Chula Vista and other South County areas, numerous Hispanic immigrants seek work as day laborers. Because of the City's proximity to the Mexican border and its location along a major transportation route, Chula Vista provides a convenient temporary place to seek work before moving on to industrial or agricultural jobs further north. The availability of jobs, including temporary day-jobs, and the number of open spaces which can be utilized as transient campsites, make Chula Vista attractive to migrant laborers. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban and Development (HUD) funds cannot be used to assist persons who are not legally in the United States therefore, other resources must be identified to provide housing assistance to these households. While state law does not allow landlords to question renters regarding their legal status, federal programs, including Section 8, require legal residency. Page AA-60 City of Chula Vista General Plan `;,Chula1I3RI"'I" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 Vista APPENDIX A vision. 2020 3.4.8 Students Over the past decade college enrollment has `.�.� increased, and today's college students are more diverse and have new needs as a result of the differing demographics. Not only has the �N� profile of a typical student changed, but on- campus housing construction has not kept up with demand and tends to be less affordable l' than existing housing options in the surrounding communities. Approximately 86,000 students were surveyed in 2018 by The Hope Center for College, Community and Justice and results showed that homelessness affected 18% of respondents attending two-year colleges. The number who said they had experienced housing insecurity, such as difficulty paying rent, was much higher, at 60%, among those attending two-year schools'. Types of housing instability include sleeping in garage, car, closet, outdoors and on- campus, as well as between family or friends' homes. It may seem that students only produce a temporary housing need, however the need is ongoing as long as the educational institution is in session. The impact upon housing demand is critical in areas that surround universities and colleges, especially since students are oftentimes low- income. It is easier for them to seek shared housing to decrease expenses, and benefit from roommate referrals on and off campus. In addition to the difficulties of finding and securing affordable housing while in school, this shortage can lead college graduates to leave and negatively impact the region's economy. There are approximately 28,000 students attending Southwestern College and it is the only public institution of higher education in southern San Diego County. Founded in 1961, Southwestern College is located in east Chula Vista surrounded predominately by single family homes and minimal multifamily housing. Community colleges typically do not provide housing because they are institutions that serve the educational needs of students already residing in the local 1 College and University Basic Needs Insecurity: A National#RealCollege Survey Report. The Hope Center for College Community and Justice,April 2019. �ltl/ Page AA-61 CIA'TSTA [) I"'I'" HOUSING ELEMENT 2021-2029 APPENDIX A community. With its significant student population and lack of affordable housing in close proximity to the campus, many students face housing insecurity. With a University and Innovation District planned for 375-acres of city-owned land in Eastern Chula Vista, the City's future consideration for the surrounding community is integration of commercial, retail and residential functions that will appropriately serve its student population. M E N Page AA-62 City of Chula Vista General Plan