HomeMy WebLinkAboutWater&Energy_Synergies CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
California’s Water-Energy
Relationship
Lorraine White
Advisor to Vice Chair Pfannenstiel
California Energy Commission
A Symposium:
Improving the Efficiency of California’s Water and
Energy Systems
March 28, 2006
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
2005 Energy Policy Report
•Integrated Assessment of Major Energy
Trends and Issues
–Ensure adequate, reliable supplies
–Improve efficiency and reduce demand
–Improve infrastructure
•Water-Energy Relationship
–Understand the links
–Demand and supply strategies
–Changes in the hydrologic cycle
–Energy system implications
http://energy.ca.gov/2005publications/CEC-700-2005-011/CEC-700-2005-011-SF.PDF
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Energy
•Population: 34 million,
1.2% per year growth
•Multiple Utility Service
Territories
•2004 Electricity Use:
271,000 GWh
•2004 Peak Demand:
56,435 MW
•2016 Demand:
Use – 323, 372 GWh ?
Peak – 69,473 MW ?
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Water
•Water Demand:
43 maf
•2/3 of Precipitation in
North
•2/3 Demand in the South
•Energy Use:
250,500 GWh; 13,600 MTh
•Supplies Power to the Grid
•Population by 2030:
48 million
•2030 Water Demand:
43-50 maf ?
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Common System Issues
•Growing Demand
•Resource Adequacy
•Resource Quality
•Infrastructure
•Cost
•Environmental Protection
•Long-term Uncertainty
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Water-Related Energy Use
Electricity
(GWh)
Na tural Gas
(Mil l. Therms)
Diesel
(Mill . Gallons)
Water Supply and Treatment
Urban 7,554 19 ?
Agricultural 3,188
End Uses
Agricultural 7,372 18 88
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
27,887 4,220 ?
Wastewater Treatment 2,012 27 ?
TOTAL 48,012 4,284 88
2001 Consumption 250,494 13,571 ?
Percent of Statewide Energy Use 19% 32% ?
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Water Use Cycle Energy
Intensities (kWh/MG)
Collection,
Extraction &
Conveyance
Water Treatment
End-use
Agricultural
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Water
Distribution
Wastewater
Treatment
Wastewater
CollectionDischarge
Recycled Water
Treatment
Recycled Water
Distribution
Source
Source
[0-14,000]
[100-16,000][700-1,200]
[400-1,200]
[1,100-4,600][0-400]
Preliminary Total = 1,900 to 36,200
kWh/MG
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Regional Differences
N orther n Southern
C alif or nia C alif ornia
kW h/M G kW h/M G
C onveyance 150 8,900
T r eatm ent 100 100
D istr ibution 1,200 1,200
W astewater T reatm ent 2,500 2,500
R egional T otal 3,950 12,700
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Energy Efficiency Programs
58%WUE Relative
Cost
0.130.22$/Annual kWh
8261,500Funding (million $)
8501,417MW
6,5006,812GWh (annualized)
Water Use
Efficiency
2006-2008
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Water in the Energy Sector
•Hydroelectric Generation
–Dams and run-of-the-river
–Pumped storage facilities
–In-conduit
•Other Renewable Resources
–Biogas
–Solar
•Power Plant Water Use
–Closed-looped cooling
–Once-through cooling
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Producing Energy from Water
•Constraints
–Energy market/system complexity
–Cost and complexity of interconnection
–Stand-by charges
–Net metering limitations
•Promote self-generation:
–Off-set power requirements from grid
–Support interconnection
–Identify incentives
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Water - Energy Synergies
End-User Water and Energy Efficiency
Saving water can save energy
Saving energy can save water
Infrastructure Improvements
Improve operational efficiency of systems
Retrofit infrastructure with efficient designs
and technologies
Improve Price Signals
Advanced metering
Time-Of-Use rates
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Water Storage
Increased storage allows for shifting
Pumped storage increases available generation
Renewable and Self Generation
Increased development of in-conduit and biogas
Development of wind and solar
Water - Energy Synergies
(cont.)
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
2005 EPR Recommendations
•Invest in saving water to save energy
•Reduce water sector energy intensity
•Improve system flexibility
•Provide better price signals
•Promote self-generation
•Reduce cooling-related environmental
impacts
•Invest in research and development
•Work together
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Take Actions Now
•Coordinate Utilities’ Programs
–2006-2008 Utility Efficiency Programs
–Renewable Portfolio Standard
–Upgrading Infrastructure
•Address regulatory challenges
–Self generation impediments
–System Constraints
•Develop better data and information
CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION
Information
www.energy.ca.gov
2005 IEPR, Chapter 8 Integrating Water and Energy Strategies
http://www.energy.ca.gov/2005publications/CEC-100-2005-007/CEC-100-2005-007-
CMF.PDF
California’s Water-Energy Relationship-Final Staff Report
http://www.energy.ca.gov/2005publications/CEC-700-2005-011/CEC-700-2005-011-
SF.PDF