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HomeMy WebLinkAbout!Ch 05.11 Hyd 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-1 City of Chula Vista November 2013 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality This section describes the hydrological setting of evaluates the potential for changes in drainage, runoff, and water quality due to implementation of the SPA Plan and TM. As stated in Section 2.3, Purpose and Legal Authority, this EIR tiers from the 2013 GPA/GDPA SEIR (09- 01). The SEIR did not address hydrology and water quality but relies on analysis in the 1993 Program EIR for the GDP (EIR 90-01). Section 3.9, Water Resources and Water Quality, of the Otay Ranch GDP Program EIR (EIR 90-01) analyzed the potential impacts and identified mitigation measures related to hydrology and drainage for the entire Otay Ranch GDP. The Otay Ranch GDP concluded that implementation of the GDP would result in significant and mitigable environmental impacts upon regional hydrology and drainage. The analysis and discussion of hydrology contained in the Otay Ranch GDP Program EIR are incorporated by reference. The following discussion is also based on the Preliminary Water Quality Technical Report for Otay Ranch Village 8 West (herein referred to as the Water Quality Report), revised December 8, 2011; the Preliminary Drainage Study for Otay Ranch Village 8 West (herein referred to as the Drainage Study), revised December 8, 2011; and the Hydromodification Study for Otay Ranch Village 8 West (herein referred to as the Hydromodification Study), revised August 26, 2011, all prepared by Hale Engineering. These reports are provided as Appendices K1 through K3 in this EIR and update the applicable information contained in the previously certified EIRs. 5.11.1 Existing Conditions A. Regulatory Framework 1. Federal a. National Pollution Discharge Elimination System Permits In California, the SWRCB and its RWQCB administer the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program. The NPDES permit system was established in the CWA to regulate both point source discharges and nonpoint source discharges to surface waters of the U.S. The NPDES program characterizes receiving water quality, identifies harmful constituents, targets potential sources of pollutants, and implements a comprehensive storm water management program. Construction and industrial activities are typically regulated under statewide general permits that are issued by the SWRCB. The RWQCB also issues waste discharge requirements that serve as NPDES permits under the authority delegated to the RWQCBs, under the CWA. In November 1990, under Phase I of the urban runoff management strategy, the EPA published NPDES permit application requirements for municipal, industrial, and construction storm water discharges. These requirements are implemented through permits issued by the SWRCB or the local RWQCB in which the project is located (California RWQCB San Diego Region, herein San Diego RWQCB), and/or the governing municipality where the project is located (City of Chula Vista). 2. State a. California General Construction Activity Permit Storm water runoff from construction activity that results in soil disturbances of at least one acre of total land area (and projects that meet other specific criteria) is governed by the SWRCB under Water Quality Order 2010-0014-DWQ, NPDES Permit #CAS000002. These regulations prohibit discharges of polluted storm water from construction projects that disturb one or more acres of soil unless the 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-2 City of Chula Vista November 2013 discharge complies with the general NPDES permit requirements. The nine individual RWQCBs enforce the general construction permits for projects within their region. The San Diego RWQCB oversees permits in the project area. It is the responsibility of the landowner to obtain coverage under the general construction permit prior to commencement of construction activities. To obtain coverage, the owner must file a NOI with a vicinity map and the appropriate fee to the SWRCB. The general permit outlines the requirements for preparation of a SWPPP. SWPPPs are prepared and BMPs identified in the SWPPPs are implemented for construction sites greater than one acre, which reduce the likelihood of alterations in drainage to result in water quality impacts. To ensure that the preparation and implementation of the SWPPP is sufficient for effective pollution prevention, it must be created and implemented by Qualified SWPPP Developer (QSD) and Qualified SWPPP Practitioner (QSP) that have attended a State Water Resources Control Board sponsored or approved QSP and/or QSP training course. Typical BMPs include the following: ■ Minimizing disturbed areas. Clearing of land is limited to that which will be actively under construction in the near term, new land disturbance during the rainy season is minimized, and disturbance to sensitive areas or areas that would not be affected by construction is minimized. ■ Stabilizing disturbed areas. Temporary stabilization of disturbed soils is provided whenever active construction is not occurring on a portion of the site, and permanent stabilization is provided by finish grading and permanent landscaping. ■ Protecting slopes and channels. Outside of the approved grading plan area, disturbance of natural channels is avoided, slopes and crossings are stabilized, and increases in runoff velocity caused by the project is managed to avoid erosion to slopes and channels. ■ Controlling the site perimeter. Upstream runoff is diverted around or safely conveyed through the project and is kept free of excessive sediment and other constituents. ■ Controlling internal erosion. Sediment-laden waters from disturbed, active areas within the site are detained. 3. Local a. Development Storm Water Manual New development and redevelopment projects in the city are subject to the requirements of the Chula Vista Development Storm Water Manual (January 2011). The development storm water manual meets the hydromodification control requirements of the NPDES Municipal Permit issued to Chula Vista by the San Diego RWQCB. New development and redevelopment projects are to minimize impacts on receiving water quality and habitat by incorporating construction and post-construction BMPs in their project design. Construction BMPs typically include erosion control, sediment control, non-storm water management, and material management practices. The applicant is required to prepare a SWPPP which identifies all applicable construction BMPs. Post-construction BMPs include low impact development site design, source control, treatment control, and hydromodification control practices. The manual provides guidance and establishes standards and criteria to meet those requirements. According to Section 3.6.1.b of the manual, pollutants generated by a project that exhibit one or more of the following characteristics are considered pollutants of concern: ■ Current loadings or historical deposits of the pollutant are impairing the beneficial uses of a receiving water; 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-3 City of Chula Vista November 2013 ■ Elevated levels of the pollutant are found in water or sediments of a receiving water and/or have the potential to be toxic to or bioaccumulate in organisms therein; and ■ Inputs of the pollutants are at a level high enough to be considered potentially toxic. This section of the manual also states that any anticipated pollutants to be generated by the project, which also are on the 2006 CWA Section 303(d) List of Water Quality Limited Segments (303(d) list) of impairments for the receiving waters of the project site, shall be considered as pollutants of concern. b. City of Chula Vista Municipal Code Section 14.20, Storm Water Management and Discharge Control The purpose of this ordinance is to promote the health, safety, and general welfare of the citizens of Chula Vista by prohibiting non-storm water discharges to the storm water conveyance system, preventing discharges to the storm water conveyance system from disposal of materials other than storm water, reducing pollutants in storm water discharges to the maximum extent practicable, and reducing pollutants in storm water discharges in order to achieve applicable water quality objectives for surface waters in San Diego County. This ordinance states that it is unlawful for any person to cause, either individually or jointly, any discharge into or from the storm water conveyance system that results in or contributes to a violation of any NPDES permit. Any person engaged in activities that may result in pollutants entering the storm water conveyance system shall, to the maximum extent practical, undertake all measures to reduce the risk of illegal discharges. The following requirements apply: ■ Best Management Practices Implementation. It is unlawful for any person not to comply with BMPs and pollution control requirements established by the city or other responsible agency to eliminate or reduce pollutants entering the city storm water conveyance system. BMPs shall be complied with throughout the life of the activity. ■ Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. When the enforcement official determines that a business or business-related activity causes or may cause an illegal discharge to the storm water conveyance system then the enforcement official may require the business to develop and implement a SWPPP. Businesses which may be required to prepare and implement a SWPPP include, but are not limited to, those which perform maintenance, storage, manufacturing, assembly, equipment operations, vehicle loading, and/or cleanup activities partially or wholly out of doors. ■ Coordination with Hazardous Materials Response Plans and Inventory. Any activity subject to the hazardous materials inventory and response program, pursuant to Chapter 6.95 of the California Health and Safety Code, shall include provisions for compliance with this chapter in its hazardous materials response plan, including prohibitions of unlawful non-storm water discharges and illegal discharges, and provisions requiring the use of BMPs to reduce the discharge of pollutants in storm water. ■ Impervious Surfaces. Persons owning or operating a parking lot or an impervious surface (including, but not limited to, service station pavements or paved private streets and roads) used for automobile-related or similar purposes shall clean those surfaces as frequently and as thoroughly as is necessary, in accordance with BMPs, to prevent the discharge of pollutants to the city storm water conveyance system. Sweepings or cleaning residue from parking lots or impervious surfaces shall not be swept or otherwise made or allowed to go into any storm water conveyance, gutter, or roadway, but must be disposed of in accordance with regional solid waste procedures and practices. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-4 City of Chula Vista November 2013 ■ Compliance with NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges. Each discharger subject to any NPDES permit for storm water discharges shall comply with all requirements of such permit. The Chula Vista Development Storm Water Manual is incorporated into this ordinance by reference. The ordinance states that no land owner or development project proponent in Chula Vista shall receive any city permit or approval for land development activity or significant redevelopment activity unless the project meets or will meet the requirements of the manual. c. City of Chula Vista General Plan The Chula Vista General Plan Public Facilities and Services and Environmental Elements address reliable drainage facilities and the protection of water quality. The Public Facilities and Services Element includes objectives to increase efficiencies in handling storm water runoff through use of alternative technologies (Objective PFS 2). Additionally, Objective E 2 in the Environmental Element is to protect and improve water quality within surface water bodies and groundwater resources within and downstream of Chula Vista. d. Zoning Code and Growth Management Ordinance Zoning Code Section 19.80.030 is intended to ensure that new development would not degrade existing public services and facilities below acceptable standards for storm water collection and other public services. The preparation of the PFFP is required in conjunction with the preparation of the SPA Plan for the project to ensure that the development of the project is consistent with the overall goals and policies of the General Plan. Similarly, Section 19.09 (Growth Management) provides policies and programs that tie the pace of development to the provision of public facilities and improvements. Section 19.09 H specifically requires that: 1) storm water flows and volumes shall not exceed city engineering standards as set forth in the subdivision manual and 2) the GMOC shall annually review the performance of the city storm drain system to determine its ability to meet the goals and objectives of the subdivision manual. Section 19.09 also requires a PFFP and the demonstration that public services meet the GMOC quality of life threshold standards. The analysis of storm drain systems provided in this section, along with the PFFP to ensure funding for any needed expansion of services, confirm that storm drain systems will be provided commensurate with development and demand. B. Hydrological Setting The project is located within the Otay Hydrologic Unit, which encompasses the Otay River watershed. The Otay River watershed encompasses approximately 160 square miles in southwest San Diego County and is one of the three hydrologic units that discharge to San Diego Bay. The watershed consists largely of unincorporated areas in the County of San Diego, but also includes portions of the cities of Chula Vista, Imperial Beach, Coronado, National City, and San Diego. From east to west, the watershed is made up of the Coronado, Otay Valley, and Dulzura hydrologic areas. Village 8 West is within the Otay Valley hydrologic area (Basin #910.20). The major inland hydrologic features, Upper and Lower Otay Lakes, are two water supply reservoirs that also provide important habitat and recreational opportunities. Village 8 West is located downstream of the Otay Lakes. San Diego Bay, located west of Village 8 West, and Otay River, located south of Village 8 West, are the other major water bodies in the watershed. Approximately 36 square miles of the watershed are within MSCP conservation areas (Project Clean Water 2011). The receiving waters of Village 8 West are Wolf Canyon, Otay River, and the San Diego Bay. Drainage from Village 8 West flows to either Wolf Canyon or directly to Otay River. Wolf Canyon is a tributary to 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-5 City of Chula Vista November 2013 Otay River, which is a tributary to San Diego Bay. Wolf Canyon is located approximately 0.4 mile west of Village 8 West. Otay River is located approximately 0.6 mile south of Village 8 West. San Diego Bay is located approximately 8.6 miles west of Village 8 West. 1. On-site Hydrology The site is currently composed of three drainage areas with three distinct discharge points. The three drainage areas are shown in Figure 5.11-1. Drainage areas A and B, which encompass the southern and northeastern areas of Village 8 West, drain southwesterly toward outlet points along the southern boundary of the project. Drainage Area A is an 83.9-acre drainage area and Drainage Area B is a 127.1- acre drainage area. Drainage Area B receives off-site flow from Village 7. Flow through these drainage areas consists of natural channel flow. The flow from Drainages Areas A and B exit the project boundary by way of natural channel flow and continues southwesterly along the natural channel to Otay River. Drainage Area C, which encompasses the northwest area of Village 8 West, drains westerly toward an outlet point along the western boundary of the project. Drainage Area C is a 183.6-acre drainage area composed of 89.6 acres of off-site flow and 94.0 acres of on-site flow. This basin receives off-site flow from Otay Ranch Village 7. Flow through the drainage area consists of natural channel flow. This flow exits the project boundary and continues southwesterly along the natural channel to Wolf Creek, which is a tributary to Otay River. 2. Water Quality a. Surface Water Quality The Porter-Cologne Act establishes a comprehensive program for the protection of beneficial uses of the waters of the state. California Water Code Section 13050(f) describes the beneficial uses of surface and ground waters that may be designated by the state or regional board for protection as follows: “Beneficial uses of the waters of the state that may be protected against quality degradation include, but are not necessarily limited to, domestic, municipal, agricultural and industrial supply; power generation; recreation; aesthetic enjoyment; navigation; and preservation and enhancement of fish, wildlife, and other aquatic resources or preserves.” Twenty-three beneficial uses are now defined statewide and are designated within the San Diego Region. The complete list of the beneficial uses and their definitions for Otay River, Wolf Canyon, and San Diego Bay are provided in the water quality report in Appendix I1. On October 25, 2006, the SWRCB approved the 303(d) list. Subsequently on November 30, 2006, the EPA approved the SWRCB’s inclusion of all waters and pollutants identified for the San Diego region in its 2006 List of Water Quality Limited Segments. Within the Otay Hydrologic Unit, the San Diego Bay is impaired for pollution from organic compounds. Wolf Canyon and Otay River are not on the 303(d) list. b. Groundwater Groundwater in the Otay Valley hydrologic area has been identified for the following beneficial uses: municipal and domestic water supply, agricultural water supply, and industrial service water supply. However, active springs or surface seeps have not been observed on Village 8 West. It is possible that seasonal groundwater associated with precipitation intermittently occurs in on-site drainages or trapped along joints or rock beds, especially in the Santiago Peak Volcanics rock formation (Advanced Geotechnical Solutions, Inc. 2010). This rock formation occurs in the southwest portion of the project site. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-6 City of Chula Vista November 2013 Thresholds of Significance Based on Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, impacts regarding hydrology and water quality would be significant if the project would: ■ Threshold 1: Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements, including City of Chula Vista engineering standards for storm water flows and volumes. ■ Threshold 2: Substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the local groundwater table level (e.g., the production rate of pre-existing nearby wells would drop to a level which would not support existing land uses or planned uses for which permits have been granted). ■ Threshold 3: Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, in a manner, which would result in substantial erosion or siltation on or off the site or City of Chula Vista Engineering Standards for storm water flows and volumes. ■ Threshold 4: Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, or substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on or off the site. ■ Threshold 5: Create or contribute runoff water, which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned storm water drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff. ■ Threshold 6: Otherwise substantially degrade water quality. ■ Threshold 7: Place housing within a 100-year flood hazard area as mapped on a federal Flood Hazard Boundary or Flood Insurance Rate Map or other flood hazard delineation map. ■ Threshold 8: Place structures within a 100-year flood hazard area which would impede or redirect flood flows. ■ Threshold 9: Be inconsistent with General Plan, GDP or other objectives and policies regarding water quality thereby resulting in a significant physical impact. ■ Threshold 10: Expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving flooding, including flooding as a result of the failure of a levee or dam. ■ Threshold 11: Result in a substantial increase in risk of exposure to inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow. 0 225 450 Feet ±Source: Hale Engineering 2012 OTAY RANCH VILLAGE 8 WEST EIR EXISTING DRAINAGE AREAS FIGURE 5.11-1 Off-site Facilities Corridor/Greenbelt Trail Connection Off-site Facilities Corridor/Greenbelt Trail Connection No Scale 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-8 City of Chula Vista November 2013 This page intentionally left blank. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-9 City of Chula Vista November 2013 5.11.2 Impact Analysis A. Threshold 1: Violate any water quality standards or waste discharge requirements, including City of Chula Vista Engineering Standards for storm water flows and volumes. 1. Construction The project would result in sources of polluted runoff during construction which would have short -term impacts on surface water and groundwater quality through activities such as demolition, clearing and grading, excavation of undocumented fill materials, stockpiling of soils and materials, concrete pouring, painting, and asphalt surfacing. Construction activities would involve various types of equipment such as dozers, scrapers, graders, loaders, compactors, dump trucks, cranes, water trucks, and concrete mixers. Additionally, soils and construction materials are typically stockpiled outdoors. Pollutants associated with construction would degrade water quality if they were washed by storm water or non-storm water into surface waters. Sediment is often the most common pollutant associated with construction sites because of the associated earth-moving activities and areas of exposed soil. Sediment that is washed off site can result in turbidity in surface waters, which can impact aquatic species. In addition, when sediment is deposited into receiving water it can smother species, alter the substrate and habitat, and alter the drainage course. Hydrocarbons such as fuels, asphalt materials, oils, and hazardous materials such as paints and concrete slurries discharged from construction sites could also impact aquatic plants and animals downstream. Debris and trash could be washed into existing storm drainage channels to downstream surface waters and could impact aquatic wildlife, wetland or riparian habitat and aesthetic value. Construction activities would potentially result in a significant change in local receiving water quality if BMPs are not put in place to prevent polluted runoff from entering the Wolf Canyon or Otay River. The NPDES General Construction Permit program requires a SWPPP to be prepared for the project prior to construction. For coverage by the General Construction Permit, the applicant is required to submit to the SWRCB a NOI and develop a SWPPP describing BMPs to be used to prevent discharge of sediment and other pollutants. The BMPs may include, but are not limited to, silt fences, fiber rolls, gravel bags, temporary desilting basins, velocity check dams, temporary ditches or swales, storm water inlet protection, or soil stabilization measures such as erosion control mats. Prior to the issuance of grading permits, the SWPPP would be required to be prepared to the satisfaction of the City Engineer and the Director of Public Works. Additionally, all construction activities would comply with the Chula Vista Development Storm Water Manual. In addition to the requiring compliance with a project-specific SWPPP and General Construction Permit, the manual requires proper inspection, monitoring, and maintenance of construction BMPs during dry and wet weather conditions. A qualified person who is trained and competent in the use of BMPs shall be on site daily, although not necessarily full time, to evaluate the conditions of the site with respect to storm water pollution prevention. In accordance with the manual, the City of Chula Vista will evaluate the adequacy of the owner’s/ contractor’s site management for storm water pollution prevention, inclusive of BMP implementation on construction sites based on performance standards for storm water BMPs. Ineffective BMPs would be replaced with more effective BMPs. The manual lists specific BMPs that must be implemented seasonally during wet and dry season. Additionally, the manual sets limitations specific to grading 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-10 City of Chula Vista November 2013 activities. The area that can be cleared or graded and left exposed at one time is limited to the amount of acreage that the owner/contractor can adequately protect prior to a predicted rainstorm. At no time shall the disturbed soil area on the site be more than 100 acres for an individual grading permit or a combination of grading permits under an associated TM. Construction sites that pose an exceptional threat to water quality from sediment are required to implement advanced treatment to eliminate or minimize the discharge of sediment from the construction site to storm drainage systems and/or receiving waters. The project would be considered an exceptional threat to water quality because it would disturb more than five acres; therefore, advanced treatment would be implemented for the project in accordance with the manual requirements. Compliance with applicable regulatory requirements described above, which is prescribed as mitigation for the project, would ensure that potentially significant water quality impacts during on-site construction would be reduced to a less than significant level. 2. Operation (Post-Construction) Equipment and hazardous materials associated with construction activities would be removed from the project site after buildout is complete, which would reduce the potential for pollutants to be discharged. However, there are multiple pollutants associated with operations of land uses proposed in Village 8 West. The pollutants of concern for the project are listed in Table 5.11-1 and are described below. Table 5.11-1 Pollutants Potentially Generated by the Project Priority Project Categories General Pollutant Categories(1) Sediments Nutrients Heavy Metals Organic Compounds Trash & Debris Oxygen Demanding Substances Oils & Grease Bacteria & Viruses Pesticides Detached Residential X X X X X X X Attached Residential X X X P(2) P(3) P X Commercial (> 1 ac) P(2) P(2) P(3) X P(6) X P(4) P(6) Auto Repair Shops X X(5)(6) X X Restaurants X X X X Hillside Development (>5,000 S.F.) X X X X X X Parking Lots P(2) P(2) X X P(2) X P(2) Gasoline Outlets X X X X X Streets X P(2) X X(5) X P(6) X (1) X = Anticipated Pollutants, P = Potential Pollutants (2) A potential pollutant if landscaping exists on site (3) A potential pollutant if the project includes uncovered parking areas (4) A potential pollutant if land use involved food or animal waste products (5) Including petroleum hydrocarbons (6) Including solvents Source: Hale Engineering 2011a. Sediment. Sediments are soils or other surface materials eroded and then transported or deposited by the action of wind, water, ice, or gravity. Sediments can increase turbidity, clog fish gills, reduce spawning habitat, lower young aquatic organisms survival rates, smother bottom dwelling organisms, and suppress aquatic vegetation growth. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-11 City of Chula Vista November 2013 Nutrients. Nutrients are associated with landscaping, which would occur throughout the project site. Nutrients are inorganic substances, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. They commonly exist in the form of mineral salts that are either dissolved or suspended in water. Primary sources of nutrients in urban runoff are fertilizers and eroded soils. Excessive discharge of nutrients to water bodies and streams can cause excessive aquatic algae and plant growth. Such excessive production, referred to as cultural eutrophication, may lead to excessive decay of organic matter in the water body, loss of oxygen in the water, release of toxins in sediment, and the eventual death of aquatic organisms. Heavy Metals. Metals are raw material components in non-metal products such as fuels, adhesives, paints, and other coatings. Primary sources of metal pollution in storm water are typically commercially available metals and metal products. Metals of concern include cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc. At low concentrations naturally occurring in the soil, metals are not toxic. However, at higher concentrations, certain metals can be toxic to aquatic life. Humans can be impacted from contaminated ground water resources, and bioaccumulation of metals in fish and shellfish. Organic Compounds. Organic compounds are carbon-based, commercially available or naturally occurring, and are found in pesticides, solvents, and hydrocarbons. Organic compounds can, at certain concentrations, indirectly or directly constitute a hazard to life or health. When rinsing off objects, toxic levels of solvents and cleaning compounds can be discharged to storm drains. Dirt, grease, and grime retained in the cleaning fluid or rinse water may also absorb levels of organic compounds that are harmful or hazardous to aquatic life. Trash and Debris. Trash (such as paper, plastic, polystyrene packing foam, and aluminum materials) and biodegradable organic matter (such as leaves, grass cuttings, and food waste) are general waste products. The presence of trash and debris may have a significant impact on the recreational value of a water body and aquatic habitat. Excess organic matter can create a high biochemical oxygen demand in a stream and thereby lower its water quality. In addition, in areas where stagnant water exists, the presence of excess organic matter can promote septic conditions resulting in the growth of undesirable organisms and the release of odorous and hazardous compounds such as hydrogen sulfide. Oxygen Demanding Substances. This category includes biodegradable organic material as well as chemicals that react with dissolved oxygen in water to form other compounds. Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are examples of biodegradable organic compounds. Compounds such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are examples of oxygen-demanding compounds. The oxygen demand of a substance can lead to depletion of dissolved oxygen in a water body and possibly the development of septic conditions. Oil and Grease. Oil and grease are characterized as high-molecular weight organic compounds. The primary sources of oil and grease are petroleum hydrocarbon products, motor products from leaking vehicles, esters, oils, fats, waxes, and high molecular-weight fatty acids. Introduction of these pollutants to the water bodies are very possible due to the wide uses and applications of some of these products in municipal, residential, and commercial areas. Elevated oil and grease content can decrease the aesthetic value of the water body, as well as the water quality. Bacteria and Viruses. Bacteria and viruses are ubiquitous microorganisms that thrive under certain environmental conditions. Their proliferation is typically caused by the transport of animal or human fecal wastes from the watershed, such as pet waste. Water, containing excess bacteria and viruses can alter the aquatic habitat and create a harmful environment for humans and aquatic life. Also, the decomposition of organic waste causes increased growth of undesirable organisms in the water. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-12 City of Chula Vista November 2013 Pesticides. Pesticides (including herbicides) are chemical compounds commonly used to control nuisance growth or prevalence of organisms. Excessive application of a pesticide may result in runoff containing toxic levels of its active component. Generally, these constituents can be referred to as non-point source pollutants. As stated in the Development Storm Water Manual, any anticipated pollutants potentially generated by the project that are on the 303(d) list are considered pollutants of concern. The San Diego Bay is impaired for organic compounds. Therefore, organic compounds are a pollutant of concern associated with the project. Increased runoff from the development of future land uses as designated in the project area, and an associated increase in impervious surfaces, would potentially result in the contribution of non-point source pollution, including organic compounds, into Wolf Canyon and Otay River, and ultimately San Diego Bay, that would degrade water quality. 3. Operational Best Management Practices As required by the development storm water manual, implementation of the project would minimize impacts on receiving water quality by incorporating post-construction BMPs into project design, including low impact development site design, source control, and treatment control BMPs. Implementation of the SPA Plan and TM is subject to site design and source control BMPs that apply to the entire project area, as outlined in Section 3.6.2 of the Development Storm Water Manual. Additionally, individual land uses types are subject to additional requirements specific to the activities associated with that land use. Impervious surfaces and associated runoff would increase with urban development of Village 8 West. However, development of the project would be designed to minimize directly connected impervious surfaces and to promote infiltration using low impact development techniques. The BMPs identified in the water quality report would also minimize, to the maximum extent practicable, the introduction of pollutants and conditions of concern into the storm water conveyance system. The water quality report identifies the following low impact development and site design BMPs that would be implemented for the project: ■ Minimize the Impervious Footprint  Incorporate alternative street layouts to reduce road networks. La Media Road, a 4-lane major road is designed with a 94 feet right-of-way rather than the typical 100 foot right-of- way.  Provide public safety and a walkable environment for pedestrians is not compromised, constructing streets and sidewalks to the minimum widths. All sidewalks are constructed to the minimum width.  Whenever practical, preserve existing native trees and shrubs to maximize canopy interception and water conservation. A total of 21.1 acres of Village 8 West is to remain undeveloped and set aside as a combination of open space and MSCP.  Plant native or drought tolerant trees and large shrubs to maximize canopy interception and water conservation.  Minimize the use of impervious surfaces, such as decorative concrete, in the landscape design. Landscaping within the parkways throughout the project also serve as bioretention BMPs and contain minimal use of impervious surfaces. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-13 City of Chula Vista November 2013 ■ Conserve Natural Resources and Areas  Utilize natural drainage systems to the maximum extent practicable. The site shall outlet to three existing discharge points. Two of the three points discharge directly to the Otay River; the third point discharges to an existing drainage path in Wolf Canyon that ultimately outlets to the Otay River as well.  Minimize soil compaction. ■ Minimize Directly Connected Impervious Areas  Where landscaping is proposed, drain impervious sidewalks, pathways, and trails into adjacent landscaping prior to discharging to the storm drain. Specifically, all sidewalks within the proposed parkways are designed to drain to the adjacent landscaped areas prior to discharging to the storm drain. ■ Protect Slopes and Channels  Minimize disturbances to natural drainages. The project utilizes existing discharge points to minimize impacts to natural drainages. A regional analysis for the overall Otay development directly tributary to the Otay River is being undertaken to demonstrate that an increase in peak 100-year event flows will not have a negative effect on the downstream receiving waterway. This regional analysis will also investigate hydromodification impacts upon the Otay River to address current hydromodification management plan criteria.  Convey runoff safely from the tops of slopes. Runoff is collected within concrete drainage ditches located at the tops of the proposed slopes and transported safely to the proposed storm drain system.  Vegetate slopes with native or drought tolerant vegetation  Control and treat flows in landscaping and/or other controls prior to reaching existing natural drainage systems. The project incorporates bioretention BMPs in the median along La Media Road and parkways throughout the site. These BMPs shall treat flows prior to their entrance to the proposed storm drain system and subsequent discharge to the existing natural drainage systems.  Install energy dissipaters, such as rip rap, at the outlets of new storm drains, culverts, or conduits that enter unlined channels in accordance with applicable specifications to minimize erosion. Energy dissipaters shall be installed at each of the three outlet points in such a way as to minimize impacts to receiving waters. ■ Use natural site design features to the maximum extent practicable  Incorporate alternative street layouts to reduce road networks. La Media Road, a 4-lane major road is designed with a 94 foot right-of-way rather than the typical 100 foot right-of- way.  Whenever practical, preserve existing native trees and shrubs to maximize canopy interception and water conservation. A total of 21.1 acres of Village 8 West is to remain undeveloped and set aside as a combination of open space and MSCP.  Plant native or drought tolerant trees and large shrubs to maximize canopy interception and water conservation.  Minimize soil compaction. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-14 City of Chula Vista November 2013  Utilize natural drainage systems to the maximum extent practicable. The site shall outlet to three existing discharge points. Two of the three points discharge directly to the Otay River; the third point discharges to an existing drainage path in Wolf Canyon that ultimately outlets to the Otay River as well.  Where landscaping is proposed, drain impervious sidewalks, pathways, and trails into adjacent landscaping prior to discharging to the storm drain. Specifically, all sidewalks within the proposed parkways are designed to drain to the adjacent landscaped areas prior to discharging to the storm drain. Source-control BMPs are activities, practices, and procedures that are designed to prevent urban runoff pollution. These measures either reduce the amount of runoff from the site or prevent contact between potential pollutants and storm water. Source-control BMPs are often the best method to address non- storm (dry-weather) flows. The following source-control BMPs would be required for implementation of the SPA Plan and TM. ■ Provide Storm Drain System Stenciling and Signage. Storm drain stencils are highly visible source control messages, typically placed directly adjacent to storm drain inlets. The stencils contain a brief statement that prohibits the dumping of improper materials into the urban runoff conveyance system. Graphical icons, either illustrating anti-dumping symbols or images of receiving water fauna, are effective supplements to the anti-dumping message. The project design shall include the following requirements: - Provide stenciling or labeling of all storm drain inlets and catch basins with the project area with prohibitive language (such as "NO DUMPING - I LIVE DOWNSTREAM") and/or graphical icons to discourage illegal dumping. - Maintaining legibility of stencils and signs. ■ Use Efficient Irrigation Systems and Landscape Design, and Employ Integrated Pest Management Principles. The project shall design the timing and application methods of irrigation water to minimize the runoff of excess irrigation water into the storm water conveyance system. In compliance with the Water Conservation in Landscaping Act, the following methods to reduce excessive irrigation runoff shall be considered, and incorporated and implemented where determined applicable and feasible by the City of Chula Vista: - Employ rain shutoff devices to prevent irrigation after precipitation. - Design irrigation systems to each landscape area's specific water requirements - Use flow reducers or shutoff valves triggered by a pressure drop to control water loss in the event of broken sprinkler heads or lines. ■ Incorporate Requirements Applicable to Individual Priority Project Categories  The project shall meet all applicable BMP requirements identified in Section 3.6.2 of the Chula Vista Development Storm Water Manual.  The project shall select a single or combination of storm water BMPs that maximize pollutant removal efficiency for the particular primary pollutants of concern, which are organic compounds. BMPs with a high efficiency for organic compound removal are bioretention facilities, setting basins (dry ponds), wet ponds and wetlands, low impact development, and media filters. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-15 City of Chula Vista November 2013 Post-construction treatment control BMPs provide treatment for storm water emanating from Village 8 West. These BMPs are also known as structural BMPs. Implementation of NPDES General Permit requirements include the use of post-construction BMPs that will remain in service to protect water quality throughout the life of the project. Structural BMPs are an integral element of post-construction storm water management and include storage, filtration, and infiltration practices. BMPs have varying degrees of effectiveness versus different pollutants of concern. The pollutant of concern for the project is organic compounds. Other anticipated pollutants for the project are sediments, nutrients, heavy metals, trash and debris, and oil and grease. Bioretention facilities are a BMP that has a high pollutant removal efficiency for organic compounds, meets the maximum extent practicable standard for all other anticipated pollutants, is relatively inexpensive to construct and maintain, can be incorporated into the proposed landscaping, has a low probability of ground water contamination, and requires a relatively small footprint for treatment. Therefore, bioretention facilities would be incorporated into the project in the form of bioretention tree wells and bioretention swales. The bioretention integrated management practices would be designed to meet the area-based treatment control BMP standards as set forth in Section 3.6.2.C of the Chula Vista Development Storm Water Manual. Bio-retention areas would be incorporated into all single-family, detached residential lots and bioretention tree wells would be located along roadways. The bioretention tree wells necessary to provide treatment for runoff from the small portion of Otay Valley Road that drains easterly to Village 8 East would treat runoff from Village 8 West prior to the confluence with the Village 8 East storm drain system. The bioretention areas on the residential lots would be tied to the bioretention swales within the roadways via perforated pipe. Each bioretention BMP shall be fully operational prior to the use of any dependent phase of development. In the event that interim storm water BMPs are deemed necessary, said interim BMPs shall proved equivalent or greater treatment than is required per the design criteria set forth in the development storm water manual. Such interim BMPs shall remain in use until the permanent structural BMPs are operational. Lot-specific structural BMPs would also be implemented as lots are developed that would meet the numeric sizing standards set forth in the Chula Vista Development Storm Water Manual. The proposed off-site utility access road consists of a 12-foot wide asphalt paved roadway edged on either side with permeable gravel. Given the minimal traffic expected on this roadway and the lack of run-on onto the roadway, no bioretention BMPs are necessary or proposed along this portion of project roadways. Rather, the permeable gravel shall provide adequate infiltration of the minor runoff due to the access roadway. BMP design calculations are provided in the water quality report, provided as Appendix I1 to this EIR. The report also includes an inspection, operation, and maintenance plan for the BMPs to ensure their effectiveness during operation of the project. Implementation of the BMPs outlined in the water quality report would ensure that mass grading of Village 8 West and development of infrastructure would comply with the manual. In conclusion, with implementation of the proposed storm water BMPs, including the BMPs identified in the water quality report that are prescribed as mitigation measures for the project, potentially significant impacts to downstream drainage facilities identified as conditions of concern in this analysis would be reduced to a less than significant level. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-16 City of Chula Vista November 2013 B. Threshold 2: Substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with groundwater recharge such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the local groundwater table level (e.g., the production rate of pre-existing nearby wells would drop to a level which would not support existing land uses or planned uses for which permits have been granted). Groundwater on Village 8 West is seasonal and results from rainwater or runoff that is trapped along joints or rock beds. The project does not propose to use groundwater during construction or operation. Operation is anticipated to result in an increase in groundwater because runoff from watering for landscaping and other activities would seep into groundwater through infiltration basins and low impact development BMPs. This increase would be beneficial by raising the water table slightly. Increased groundwater would be expected to improve the quality of water slightly in the watershed because runoff from the project site would be treated by the basins and BMPs and would dilute existing pollutants in groundwater (Advanced Geotechnical Solutions, Inc. 2013). Therefore, development of Village 8 West would not interfere with groundwater recharge or deplete groundwater supplies such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume of lowering of the local groundwater table. This impact would be less than significant. C. Threshold 3: Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, in a manner, which would result in substantial erosion or siltation on or off the site or Chula Vista Engineering Standards for storm water flows and volumes. As shown in Figure 5.6-3, Jurisdictional Delineation Results, several natural drainages traverse the project site. Otay River is located approximately one-quarter mile south of the project site. However, there are no streams or rivers on the project site or immediately adjacent to Village 8 West. No alteration of the course of a stream or river would result from implementation of Village 8 West. However, natural channel flow occurs on site and development of Village 8 West would alter the existing drainage pattern of the site, as discussed below. 1. Post-Project Drainage Conditions A drainage study has been prepared to determine the drainage system requirements to support the proposed development. As discussed above under the discussion of On-site Hydrology, Village 8 West is currently composed of three drainage areas that flow either directly to Otay River or to Wolf Creek, which is a tributary to Otay River. Following implementation of the project, the site would be divided into five drainage basins. The proposed drainage system is shown in Figure 3-12, Hydrologic Basins and Proposed Drainage System. The northern portion of the site would drain to Wolf Canyon via two of five proposed storm drain systems. The other three storm drain systems would drain the remainder of the site south to the Otay River. The remaining project areas that are not included in one of these five drainage areas consist of areas that would remain as open space, including the Preserve. No change in the existing natural drainage pattern is proposed for the open space areas; therefore, the project would not alter the existing drainage pattern in these areas. a. Post-Project Drainage Area 1 Post-project Drainage Area 1 is a 37-acre drainage area in the southwest corner of Village 8 West in the Neighborhood Edge Zone. Proposed improvements within this drainage area include mass grading of 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-17 City of Chula Vista November 2013 pads and roadways within Planning Area P for future development. Development proposed for Planning Area P consists of detached single-family homes. Runoff in this drainage area would be transported to the proposed storm drain system via proposed catch basins and curb inlets located at intervals within the proposed roadways. This storm drain system would ultimately confluence with areas Drainage Areas 2 and 3 and flows would be conveyed southerly through the storm drain system that follows the Otay Valley Regional Park trail connection alignment to drain directly to the Otay River. b. Post-Project Drainage Area 2 Post-project Drainage Area 2 is a 42-acre drainage area in the southeast corner of Village 8 West in the Neighborhood General, Neighborhood Edge Zones, and the Neighborhood Park. Proposed improvements within this area include mass grading of building pads and roadways within Planning Areas T, U, and V. Future development proposed for these planning areas consists of detached and attached single-family homes and a neighborhood park that would include amenities such as small-scale multi-purpose play fields, sport courts, playgrounds, and picnic areas. Runoff in this drainage area would be transported to the proposed storm drain system via proposed curb inlet located at intervals within the drainage area. This storm drain would ultimately confluence with drainage area 1 and flows would be conveyed southerly through the storm drain system that follows the Otay Valley Regional Park trail connection alignment to drain directly to the Otay River. c. Post-Project Drainage Area 3 Post-project Drainage Area 3 is a 100-acre drainage area composed of 20.1 acres of off-site flow and 82.7 acres of on-site flow from the central and eastern areas of Village 8 West. This area includes the Neighborhood Center and Neighborhood General Zones, a portion of Town Center, and the Community Purpose Facility. Proposed improvements within this area include mass grading of pads and roadways within Planning Areas M, O, Q, R, and S for future development. These planning areas are proposed for single-family development, multi-family residences, an elementary school, mixed-use development, and the CPF. The basin receives off-site flow from Village 7. The quantity of off-site flow was previously determined in Drainage Study for McMillin Village 7 Vista Verde prepared by Rick Engineering. Runoff from this drainage area would be transported to the proposed storm drain system via proposed curb inlet located at intervals within the proposed roadways. This storm drain would ultimately confluence with Drainage Area 1 and flows would be conveyed southerly through the storm drain system. The southerly drainage system extends off site along the Otay Valley Regional Park trail connection alignment to the Otay River bottom to avoid potential finger canyon erosion on the slope between the southern edge of Village 8 West and Otay River. A USBR Type IV impact basin and 20-inch rip rap energy dissipater would be used to decrease the velocity of flows from Drainage Areas 1, 2, and 3. A southeast segment of Otay Valley Road discharges to the Village 8 East site. Flows from this area would be accounted for in the design of the drainage system for Village 8 East. Until development of Village 8 East, flows from this area of Village 8 West would flow directly to Otay River. d. Post-Project Drainage Area 4 and Basin P Post-project Drainage Area 4 is a 144-acre drainage area in the northeast corner of the site that consists of the Town Center. This area is composed of 89.6 acres of off-site flow and 54.0 acres of on-site flow. Proposed improvements within this drainage area would include mass grading of pads and portions of La Media Road, Street A, and Main Street within Planning Areas B, C, D, E, and F, and portions of 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-18 City of Chula Vista November 2013 Planning Areas G and H. These planning areas are proposed for mixed-use development, multi-family residences, the Town Square, and a middle school. This basin receives off-site flow from Otay Ranch Village 7. The quantity of off-site flow was determined in the Addendum Rough Grading Hydrology Study for Otay Ranch Village 7 prepared by Hunsaker Engineering. Runoff for this drainage area would be transported to the proposed storm drain system via proposed catch basins and curb inlets located at intervals within the proposed roadways. This storm drain system would confluence with Drainage Area 5 and Basin P. Basin P encompasses Planning Area A, which is proposed to be development as a community park and is not included in the overall drainage design for the project. The Community Park would be self-treating because the large areas of landscaping and open parkland would detain and treat the runoff from the limited impervious development that would occur inside the park. Discharge from Drainage Areas 4 and 5 would outlet through energy dissipaters, including an impact basin and rip rap, and flow westerly to a natural drainage in Wolf Canyon. Basin P would also flow to Wolf Canyon. e. Post-Project Drainage Area 5 Post-Project Drainage Area 5 is a 59-acre drainage area that encompasses the central and western portions of Village 8 West including the Town Center and Neighborhood Center Zones. Proposed improvements within this drainage area include mass grading of pads and portions of La Media Road, Main Street, and other roadways within Planning Areas I, J, L, and N, and portions of Planning Areas G and H. Future development proposed for these planning areas included the Town Square, mixed-use development, detached single-family residences, and multi-family residences. Runoff from this drainage area would be transported to the proposed storm drain system via proposed catch basins and curb inlets located at intervals within the proposed roadways. This storm drain system would confluence with Drainage Area 4 and ultimately outlet to an existing natural drainage channel running westerly from Village 8 West to Wolf Canyon. 2. Post-Project Drainage Flows The Advanced Engineering Software Rational Method computer program based on the 2002 Chula Vista Subdivision Manual, and the County of San Diego Hydrology Manual Methodology were used to determined pre- and post-project flow rates. Refer to the drainage study in Appendix I2 for additional information regarding the study methodology. Pre- and post-project flows to Wolf Canyon are shown in Table 5.11-2 and pre- and post-project flows to Otay River are shown in Table 5.11-3. Table 5.11-2 Pre- and Post-Project Drainage to Wolf Canyon Storm Event Pre-Project (cubic feet per second) Post Project (cubic feet per second) Flow Into Detention Basin (Drainage Areas 4 & 5) Flow Out of Detention Basin (Drainage Areas 4 & 5) Basin P Total Basin P and Flow out of Detention Basin 2-Year Storm 155.6 243.8 42.6 18.4 61 10-Year Storm 246.0 380.1 136.4 28.7 165.1 25-Year Storm 261.2 402.8 157.2 30.5 187.7 50-Year Storm 322.3 493.8 241.2 37.4 278.6 100-Year Storm 368.3 559.3 313.4 42.4 355.8 Source: Hale Engineering 2011b 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-19 City of Chula Vista November 2013 Table 5.11-3 Pre- and Post-Project Drainage to Otay River Storm Event Pre-Project (cubic feet per second) Post-Project Drainage Areas 1-3 and Otay Valley Road (cubic feet per second) Percent Increase from Pre-Project Conditions 2-Year Storm 118.6 155.5 31% 10-Year Storm 191.2 243.9 28% 25-Year Storm 203.5 258.7 27% 50-Year Storm 253.4 319.9 26% 100-Year Storm 291.4 362.5 24% Source: Hale Engineering 2011b As shown in Table 5.11-2, the proposed on-site hydromodification detention basin within the storm drain system would reduce post-construction flows discharging into Wolf Canyon to less than existing flows. Refer to the hydromodification study in Appendix I3 for detail on the design of the detention basin. Therefore, the project would not increase the rate of erosion or siltation off site. Refer to the drainage study in Appendix I2 for additional information regarding the Advanced Geotechnical Solutions Review. The project would result in less than significant impacts related to alteration of the existing drainage pattern of Wolf Canyon. As shown in Table 5.11-3, the post-project peak flow from the projects to Otay River is anticipated to increase up to approximately 31 percent over existing flows from Village 8 West. However, an Otay River Watershed Assessment Technical Report, prepared in August 2004 by Aspen Environmental Group, determined that the Savage Dam at the Lower Otay Reservoir impounds runoff from over 60 percent of the Otay River’s tributary watershed and, as such, the flow capacity for the Otay River downstream of the dam is approximately 22,000 cubic feet per second for the 100-year storm event. The attenuation provided by the Savage Dam on 60 percent of the overall watershed reduces flows in the river such that even with the increase in flows from development downstream of the dam, including flows from Village 8 West, total flow would still be reduced compared to the flows prior to the dam construction. Detention for any development below the dam would be ineffective as the peak flows fro m these smaller watersheds would pass well before the reservoir would fill to the point that flows would overtop the spillway (Hunsaker & Associates 2011). Village 8 West is located downstream of the Savage Dam. The Otay River Watershed Assessment Technical Report also notes that the existing Otay River downstream of the dam is starved for sediment and peak flows, stating that an increase in peak flow would tend to counteract the degradation trends by replacing water impounded by the reservoir. The peak flows of the river are due mainly to outputs into the river from upstream of Village 8 West, such as the Otay Reservoir. The post project peak flow for the 100-year storm event would be 362.5 cubic feet per second, with a peak flow time of 21 minutes. For a 100-year storm event the Otay River has a peak discharge of 20,161 cubic feet per second and a time of peak flow of 21 hours 5 minutes at the Village 8 outlet point. Therefore, the post-project peak flow would be a minor portion of the total flow within the Otay River at the project’s discharge point. Additionally, due to differences in peak flow timing, the peak flows with the river and those from the discharge point would not coincide during the 100-year storm event. The impact of the increased flow at the project’s discharge point is negligible at peak river flow. The project is not required to reduce post-project flows to pre-project conditions because Otay River is exempt from hydromodification requirements. A hydromodification management plan was approved by the County of San Diego in July 2010. Characteristics of the Otay River, including low gradients, significant natural peak flow attenuation, and wide floodplain areas result in this system having a low 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-20 City of Chula Vista November 2013 potential for channel erosion. Consequently, the Otay River system is exempt from hydromodification requirements (see Appendix I1). Therefore, the portion of the project directly tributary to the Otay River is exempt from the hydromodification requirements and the project is not required to reduce post- project flows to pre-project conditions. The increase in flows from the project would not result in substantial erosion or siltation. Additionally, the proposed outlet point from the project site to the Otay River would include a USBR Type IV Energy Dissipater and additional erosion control provided by a section of rip rap. The proposed energy dissipater would reduce flow velocity from Village 8 West and minimize the potential for erosion. The drainage study concluded that the alteration to the existing Otay River drainage pattern associated with project implementation would result in a less than significant impact with respect to increases in erosion and siltation. In conclusion, drainages serving the southern basin would be susceptible to increased erosion resulting from increased peak flow rates, increased runoff volumes, and duration, which would result in a potentially significant impact. Implementation of the proposed drainage facilities at construction would minimize these impacts to a less than significant level. However, mitigation would be required to ensure that the facilities are implemented and monitored throughout buildout of the project. D. Threshold 4: Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, or substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff in a manner which would result in flooding on or off the site. Village 8 West currently consists almost entirely of permeable surfaces. The project, which would involve the replacement of the permeable surfaces and exposed soils with urban development, would substantially change the amount of impervious surface area within the project. As discussed under Threshold 3, site-generated surface water runoff would be directed from Village 8 West to off-site drainage facilities. The post-project drainage conditions were designed to adequately convey post- project flows off site during a 100-year storm event. Therefore, the project would not result in flooding on site. As shown in Table 5.11-2, post-project flows to Wolf Canyon would be less than existing flows. Therefore, the project would not result in flooding off the project site in Wolf Canyon. The project would result in an increase in flows to Otay River (see Table 5.11-3). However, as discussed under Threshold 3, the project’s contribution to peak river flow is negligible. The Otay River has a 100- year design flow of 20,000 cubic feet per second. The project would result in an increase in runoff during the 100-year storm of only 71 cubic feet per second. The Savage Dam attenuates regional impacts downstream of the dam so that the increase in the amount of runoff from Village 8 West would not result in flooding along the Otay River. The small increase in flows from development of Village 8 West would not increase the total flow to above pre-dam construction flows. Additionally, due to differences in peak flow timing, the peak flows with the river and those from the Village 8 West discharge point would not coincide during the 100-year storm event. Therefore, the project would not substantially increase the rate or amount of surface runoff that would result in an increase in flooding along Otay River. In conclusion, drainages serving the southern basin would be susceptible to increased peak flow rates and increased runoff volumes, which would result in a potentially significant flooding impact. Implementation of the proposed drainage facilities at construction would minimize these impacts. However, mitigation would be required to ensure that the facilities are implemented and monitored throughout buildout of the project. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-21 City of Chula Vista November 2013 E. Threshold 5: Create or contribute runoff water, which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned storm water drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff. As discussed under Threshold 3, a drainage system has been designed for the project with the capacity to convey post-project flows during the 100-year storm event and includes energy dissipaters to minimize the potential for erosion. The project would reduce flows to Wolf Canyon and would not result in an increase in siltation or erosion as a result of increased flows to Otay River. The project would not result in runoff water that would exceed the capacity of drainage systems. Even though the project includes features to reduce the amount and rate of runoff to a less than significant level, these features are also prescribed as mitigation measures to assure implementation and facilitate monitoring through buildout of the project. F. Threshold 6: Otherwise substantially degrade water quality. As discussed under Threshold 1, the project is required to comply with the Chula Vista Development Storm Water Manual and the General Construction Permit. Implementation of a project-specific SWPPP during construction in accordance with these regulations would ensure that significant impacts to water quality would not occur as a result of runoff from Village 8 West. Management, inspections, and maintenance are required for construction impacts to ensure that BMPs are operating efficiently. Additionally, as discussed under Threshold 3, a drainage system has been designed for the project with the capacity to convey post-project flows during the 100-year storm event and includes energy dissipaters to minimize the potential for erosion. The project would reduce flows to Wolf Canyon and would not result in an increase in siltation or erosion as a result of increased flows to Otay River. The BMPs proposed in the water quality report would ensure that runoff associated with development of infrastructure and mass grading of the site would not result in a substantial source of polluted runoff that would degrade water quality. The proposed drainage system would not result in an increase in erosion or siltation off site. However, supplemental water quality studies are required to indentify which site-specific BMPs identified in the water quality technical report would be necessary for individual development projects to comply with the manual. Therefore, impacts related to water quality would be potentially significant. G. Threshold 7: Place housing within a 100-year flood hazard area as mapped on a federal Flood Hazard Boundary or Flood Insurance Rate Map or other flood hazard delineation map, and Threshold 8: Place structures within a 100-year flood hazard area which would impede or redirect flood flows. The 100-year flood hazards boundary of the Otay River, as designated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), is shown on the proposed drainage plan provided in the Drainage Report (Appendix I2). Village 8 West is not within a 100-year or 500-year floodplain as mapped by FEMA (DWR 2011), as the flood hazard boundary is located 0.3 mile south of the project site. The southern end (approximately 100 feet) of the proposed off-site trail and access road would be within the 100-year flood hazard area; however, the trail does not include any structures or other components for which flooding would be a hazard. Therefore, the project would not place housing or other structures within a 100-year flood hazard area. No impact would occur. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-22 City of Chula Vista November 2013 H. Threshold 9: Be inconsistent with General Plan, GDP, or other objectives and policies regarding water quality thereby resulting in a significant physical impact. Table 5.11-4 evaluates the consistency of the project with the applicable General Plan objectives and policies and Table 5.11-5 evaluates the consistency of the project with the applicable GDP goals and objectives. As shown in Table 5.11-4 and Table 5.11-5, the project would be consistent with the General Plan and GDP policies that pertain to hydrology and water quality. Table 5.11-4 Project Consistency with Applicable General Plan Drainage and Water Quality Policies Applicable Policies Evaluation of Consistency Objective PFS 2: Increase efficiencies in water use, wastewater generation and its re-use, and handling of storm water runoff throughout the city through use of alternative technologies. Policy PFS 2.2: As part of project construction and design, assure that drainage facilities in new development incorporate storm water runoff and sediment control, including state-of- the-art technologies, where appropriate. Policy PFS 2.3: In designing water, wastewater, and drainage facilities, limit the disruption of natural landforms and water bodies. Encourage the use of natural channels that simulate natural drainage ways while protecting property. Consistent. The project would be consistent with these policies regarding drainage. As discussed under Threshold 2, the drainage study for Village 8 West outlines the drainage infrastructure required for detention of storm runoff and sediment control, including incorporation of energy dissipaters to minimize potential erosion. The project would reduce flows to Wolf Canyon and would contribute a negligible amount of new flow to Otay River. Additionally, as discussed under Threshold 1, the water quality report outlines the proposed water quality BMPs including low impact development to encourage the use of natural channels that simulate natural drainage ways. Implementation of the project would not disrupt any natural water bodies. Objective E 2: Protect and improve water quality within surface water bodies and groundwater resources within and downstream of Chula Vista. Policy E 2.4: Ensure compliance with current federal and state water quality regulations, including the implementation of applicable NPDES requirements and the Chula Vista Pollution Prevention Policy. Policy E 2.5: Encourage and facilitate construction and land development techniques that minimize water quality impacts from urban development. Consistent. The project would be consistent with these applicable water quality policies. As discussed under Threshold 1, prior to construction a site-specific SWPPP would be prepared in accordance with the NPDES General Construction Permit. The Chula Vista Development Storm Water Manual requires the project to meet site-specific performance standards, site management requirements, seasonal requirements, limitation of grading, and potential advanced treatment for any identified sedimentation. Section 3 of the manual has been followed in order to identify pollutants of concern for the project, and to determine BMP requirements. Low impact development BMPs have been proposed to meet treatment requirements. Objective E 15: Minimize the risk of injury and property damage associated with flood hazards. Policy E 15.1: Prohibit proposals to subdivide, grade, or develop lands that are subject to potential flood hazards, unless adequate evidence is provided that demonstrates that such proposals would not be adversely affected by potential flood hazards and that such proposals would not adversely affect surrounding properties. Require site-specific hydrological investigations for proposals within areas subject to potential flood hazards; and implement all measures deemed necessary by the City Engineer to avoid or adequately mitigate potential flood hazards. Consistent. Village 8 West is not located in a floodplain or dam inundation hazard area. Implementation of Village 8 West would include a drainage system that adequately conveys flows from the project area. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-23 City of Chula Vista November 2013 Table 5.11-5 Project Consistency with Applicable GDP Drainage and Water Quality Policies Applicable Policies Evaluation of Consistency Part II, Chapter 5 – Capital Facilities, Section C –Public Facility Plans Goal: Provide protection to the Otay Ranch project area and surrounding communities from fire, flooding and geologic hazards. Objective: Individual projects will provide necessary improvements consistent with the National Flood Insurance Program, drainage master plan(s) and engineering standards. Policy: Storm drain runoff should be managed to minimize water degradation, to reduce the waste of fresh water, to protect wildlife and to reduce erosion. Consistent. As discussed under Threshold 3, the grading and drainage plans for Village 8 West meet these goals and objectives by sizing drainage facilities appropriately to convey the generated flows and detain run-off as required. The development limits would avoid encroachment into floodways. The plans provide for protection of adjacent sensitive habitats by directing flows away from habitat to drain directly into Otay River. Objective: Storm water flows shall be controlled and conveyed based on statistical models and engineering experience, as specified in the city engineering standards consistent with NPDES BMPs. Consistent. As discussed under Threshold 1, development would comply with NPDES and other regulatory requirements, including implementation of BMPs. Objective: Reduction ion the need for construction of flood control structures Objective: Preservation of the floodplain environment from adverse impacts due to development. Consistent. As discussed under Thresholds 7, 8, 10, and 11, Village 8 West is not located in a flood hazard area. The proposed drainage system would prevent flooding on site. Objective: Require on-site detention of storm water flows such that existing downstream structures will not be overloaded. Policy: Require measures to decrease the adverse impacts created by increased quantity and degradation in the quality of runoff from urban areas. Consistent. As discussed under Threshold 3, the proposed drainage system would include a hydromodification detention basin and other facilities to detain storm water to prevent overloading downstream facilities. Goal: Ensure that water quality within the Otay Ranch project area is not compromised. Objective: Ensure that water quality within the Otay Ranch project area is not compromised, consistent with NPDES BMPs, and the RWQCB Basin Plans. Policy: Discretionary land development applications dependent on imported water will only be approved if the service provider reasonably expects that water facilities will be available concurrent with need, and that all appropriate requirements will be met through conditions placed on project approval. Consistent. As discussed under Threshold 1 and Threshold 3, a drainage plan has been prepared for Village 8 West that would adequately provide for management and containment of urban runoff, and development would comply with all applicable city and regional water quality protection standards. Part II, Chapter 8 – Safety Goal: Promote public safety and provide public protection from fire, flooding, seismic disturbances, geologic phenomena and manmade hazards in order to preserve life, health and property; continue government functions and public order; maintain municipal services; and rapidly resolve emergencies and return the community normalcy and public tranquility. Consistent. As discussed under Thresholds 7, 8, 10, and 11, Village 8 West is not located in a flood hazard area. As discussed under Threshold 3, The proposed drainage system would prevent flooding on site. Hazards and fire are addressed in Section 5.13, Hazards and Hazardous Materials and seismic disturbances and geologic phenomena are addressed in Section 5.8, Geology and Soils. Objective: Prevent property damage and loss of life due to seiches, dam failure and heavy rains. Objective: Preservation of the floodplain environment from adverse impacts due to development. Consistent. As discussed under Thresholds 7, 8, 10, and 11, Village 8 West is not located in a floodplain or flood hazard area. As discussed under Threshold 3, The proposed drainage system would prevent flooding on site, including during heavy rain events. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-24 City of Chula Vista November 2013 Table 5.11-5 Project Consistency with Applicable GDP Drainage and Water Quality Policies (continued) Applicable Policies Evaluation of Consistency Part II, Chapter 10 – Resource Protection, Conservation and Management Goal: Preserve floodways and undisturbed flood plain fringe areas. Objective: Restore and enhance highly disturbed floodways and flood plains to regain former wildlife habitats and retain/restore the ability to pass 100-year flood flows. Objective: Preserve floodways and undisturbed flood plain fringe areas in their natural state where downstream development will not be adversely affected. Consistent. The development limits in the SPA Plan would avoid encroachment into floodplain areas. The proposed drainage system would detain storm water on site and direct project storm water flows directly to Otay River. The project would not significantly impact a floodplain area. As discussed under Threshold 3, Otay River Valley in the proximity of the project is starved for sediment and peak flows, and an increase in peak flow from the project would tend to counteract the degradation trends by replacing water impounded by the reservoir. I. Threshold 10: Expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving flooding, including flooding as a result of the failure of a levee or dam. As discussed under Threshold 8, Village 8 West, including off-site area, is not located within a 500-year floodplain. Additionally, according to the EIR prepared for the Chula Vista General Plan and the inundation map for the Savage Dam, Village 8 West is not located within a potential dam inundation area (City of Chula Vista 2005b, City of San Diego 1974). Therefore, the project would not expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving flooding, including flooding as a result of the failure of a levee or dam. No impact would occur. J. Threshold 11: Result in a substantial increase in risk of exposure to inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow. Seismically induced hazards such as tsunamis and seiches are not considered significant hazards because Village 8 West is located more than ten miles inland, is outside of the 500-year floodplain, and is not within the potential dam inundation of the Otay Lakes. If at full capacity, it is possible that during a strong seismic event with a long duration of shaking, minor localized overtopping of the City of San Diego reservoir could occur. However, according to the Geotechnical Investigation prepared by Advanced Geotechnical Solutions, Inc. for the project (Appendix G), an adequate margin of safety to protect against overtopping exists for nearly the entire reservoir, except at the low point where the paved access road meets the reservoir. At this location, any overtopping would be directed onto the proposed paved access road and down to the proposed storm drain improvements. Given the likelihood, volume of the reservoir, and area of potential overtopping, flooding from the reservoir is not considered a substantial risk. Additionally, the Geotechnical Investigation determined that seismically induced landslides, which include mudflows, are not a significant concern for Village 8 West. Therefore, the project would not result in a substantial increase in risk of exposure to inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow. No impact would occur. 5.11.3 Level of Significance Prior to Mitigation A. Water Quality Standards Even though the project includes features and would implement BMPs to reduce the amount and rate of runoff to a less than significant level, these features are also prescribed as mitigation measures to assure implementation and facilitate monitoring through buildout of the project. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-25 City of Chula Vista November 2013 B. Groundwater Supplies and Recharge No significant impacts related to groundwater supplies and recharge have been identified with implementation of Village 8 West. C. Erosion or Siltation Even though the project includes features and would implement BMPs to reduce the amount and rate of runoff to a less than significant level, these features are also prescribed as mitigation measures to assure implementation and facilitate monitoring through buildout of the project. D. Surface Runoff Even though the project includes features and would implement BMPs to reduce the amount and rate of runoff to a less than significant level, these features are also prescribed as mitigation measures to assure implementation and facilitate monitoring through buildout of the project. E. Exceed Drainage Capacity Even though the project includes features and would implement BMPs to reduce the amount and rate of runoff to a less than significant level, these features are also prescribed as mitigation measures to assure implementation and facilitate monitoring through buildout of the project. F. Degradation of Water Quality Even though the project includes features and would implement BMPs to reduce the amount and rate of runoff to a less than significant level, these features are also prescribed as mitigation measures to assure implementation and facilitate monitoring through buildout of the project. G. 100-Year Flood Hazards No significant impacts related to 100-year flood hazards, have been identified with implementation of Village 8 West. H. Consistency with Water Quality Policies No significant impacts related to consistency with water quality policies have been identified with implementation of Village 8 West. I. Flooding No significant impacts related to flooding have been identified with implementation of Village 8 West. J. Inundation No significant impacts related to inundation have been identified with implementation of Village 8 West. 5.11.4 Mitigation Measures A. Water Quality Standards 5.11-1 Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan. Prior to issuance of each grading permit for the Village 8 West SPA Plan area or any land development permit, including clearing and grading, the 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-26 City of Chula Vista November 2013 project applicant shall submit a notice of intent and obtain coverage under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit for construction activity from the State Water Resources Control Board. Adherence to all conditions of the General Permit for Construction Activity is required. The applicant shall be required under the State Water Resources Control Board General Construction Permit to develop a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan and monitoring plan that shall be submitted to the City Engineer and the Director of Public Works. The Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan shall be incorporated into the grading and drainage plans and shall specify both construction and post-construction structural and non-structural best management practices on site to reduce the amount of sediments and pollutants in construction and post-construction surface runoff before it is discharged into off-site storm water facilities. Section 7 of the City’s Storm Water Manual outlines construction site best management practices requirements. The Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan shall also address operation and maintenance of post-construction pollution prevention measures, including short-term and long-term funding sources and the party or parties that will be responsible for said measures. The Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan shall incorporate construction and post-construction best management practices as outlined in the Village 8 West Edge Plan. The grading plans shall note the condition requiring a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan and monitoring plans. 5.11-2 Supplemental Water Quality Report. Prior to issuance of each grading permit, the applicant shall submit a supplemental report to the Preliminary Water Quality Technical Report for Village 8 West prepared by Hale Engineering dated December 8, 2011 that identifies which on-site storm water management measures from the Water Quality Technical Report have been incorporated into the project, to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. If a storm water management option is chosen by the parcel owner that is not shown in the water quality technical report, a project-specific water quality technical report shall be prepared for the planning area, referencing the Preliminary Water Quality Technical Report for Village 8 West for information relevant to regional design concepts (e.g., downstream conditions of concern) to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. 5.11-3 Post-Construction/Permanent Best Management Practices. Prior to issuance of each grading permit, the City Engineer shall verify that parcel owners have incorporated and will implement post-construction best management practices in accordance with current regulations. In particular, applicants are required to comply with the requirements of Section 2c of the Chula Vista Standard Urban Storm Water Management Plan, the Chula Vista Development Storm Water Manual, and the Preliminary Water Quality Technical Report for Village 8 West or any supplements thereto to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. Specifically, the applicant shall implement low impact development best management practices in the preparation of all site plans and, the applicant shall incorporate structural on-site design features into the project design to address site design and treatment control best management practices as well as requirements of the hydromodification management plan. The applicant shall monitor and mitigate any erosion in downstream locations that may occur because of on-site development. 5.11-4 Limitation of Grading. The project applicant shall comply with the Chula Vista Development Storm Water Manual limitation of grading requirements, which limit disturbed soil area to 100 acres, unless expansion of a disturbed area is specifically approved by the Director of Public Works. With any phasing resulting from this limitation, if required, the project applicant shall provide, to the satisfaction of the City Engineer, erosion and sediment control best management practices in areas that may not be completed, before grading of additional area begins. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-27 City of Chula Vista November 2013 5.11-5 Hydromodification Criteria. The project applicant shall comply, to the satisfaction of the City Engineer, with city hydromodification criteria or the hydrograph modification management plan, as applicable, addressed regionally at the SPA Plan level concurrent with grading and improvement plans for the project. B. Groundwater Supplies and Recharge No mitigation measures are required. C. Erosion or Siltation Mitigation measures 5.11-1 through 5.11-5 would reduce impacts related to erosion or siltation. D. Surface Runoff Mitigation measures 5.11-1 through 5.11-5 would reduce impacts related to surface runoff. E. Exceed Drainage Capacity Mitigation measures 5.11-1 through 5.11-5 would reduce impacts related to drainage capacity. F. Degradation of Water Quality Mitigation measures 5.11-1 through 5.11-5 would reduce impacts related to degradation of water quality. G. 100-Year Flood Hazards No mitigation measures are required. H. Consistency with Water Quality Policies No mitigation measures are required. I. Flooding No mitigation measures are required. J. Inundation No mitigation measures are required. 5.11.5 Level of Significance After Mitigation A. Water Quality Standards With implementation of mitigation measures 5.11-1 through 5.11-5 identified above, impacts related to water quality would be reduced to below a level of significance. B. Groundwater Supplies and Recharge Impacts would be less than significant without mitigation. 5.11 Hydrology and Water Quality Otay Ranch Village 8 West EIR CV EIR 10-03; SCH No. 2010062093 Page 5.11-28 City of Chula Vista November 2013 C. Erosion or Siltation With implementation of mitigation measures 5.11-1 through 5.11-5 identified above, impacts related to erosion would be reduced to below a level of significance. D. Surface Runoff With implementation of mitigation measures 5.11-1 through 5.11-5 identified above, impacts related to runoff related to implementation of the project would be reduced to below a level of significance. E. Exceed Drainage Capacity With implementation of mitigation measures 5.11-1 through 5.11-5 identified above, impacts related to runoff related to implementation of the project would be reduced to below a level of significance. F. Degradation of Water Quality With implementation of mitigation measures 5.11-1 through 5.11-5 identified above, impacts related to water quality would be reduced to below a level of significance. G. 100-Year Flood Hazards Impacts would be less than significant without mitigation. H. Consistency with Water Quality Policies Impacts would be less than significant without mitigation. I. Flooding Impacts would be less than significant without mitigation. J. Inundation Impacts would be less than significant without mitigation.